Austerlitz: Napoleon and the Eagles of Europe (49 page)

V Column: FML Johann Liechtenstein
(Austro-Russian formation)
Total strength approx. 4,650 cavalry (1,170 Austrian and 3,480 Russian), 600 artillery and train, 24 guns (6 Austrian and 18 Russian)

Notes

Chapter 1

1
Sir Arthur Paget’s despatches are located in the National Archives (formally the Public Records Office), FO 7/75.

2
The Times
, 18 December 1805.

3
Ibid., 19 December 1805.

4
Ibid., 20 December 1805.

5
Ibid., 21 December 1805.

6
Palmer, p.53.

Chapter 2

1
Rose, I, p.418.

2
Ibid., p.424.

3
Furse, p.95, quoting, Alison,
History of Europe
, Chap. xxxiii, p.312.

4
Rose, I, p.46, quoting Hulin,
Catastrophe de duc d’Enghien
, p 118.

5
Rose, I, p.462.

Chapter 3

1
Kukiel, p.42.

2
Ibid., p.59.

3
Rose, II, p.11.

4
Rottenberg, p.74 (or page 97 of reprint).

5
Ibid., p.87 (or page 113 of reprint).

6
Economic Policy & Statistics, House of Commons Library, Research Paper 02/44,
Inflation: The Value of the Pound 1750–2001
. According to British government statistics £1.25 million in 1805 had the same purchasing power as £64m in 2001.

Chapter 4

1
The Times
, 8 Feb. 1806. A full report of the July 1805 meeting in Vienna.

2
It is often stated that Kutuzov began his march 10 days later than expected by the Austrians due to a misunderstanding caused by the Austrians using the Gregorian Calendar and the Russians the Julian – which features a difference of twelve days after 1800. This is not true. Kutuzov’s march was officially put back to 20 August following Wintzingerode’s late departure from Vienna in July, then further unanticipated delays meant he did not start until 25 August.

Chapter 5

1
Maude, pp.79–80.

2
Rothenberg, p.84 (or p.111 in reprint).

3
Angeli, p.464.

4
Maude, p.132.

5
Furse, p.143.

Chapter 6

1
Maude, pp.160–161. Quoting an order from Napoleon to Murat, 4 October 1805.

2
Ibid., pp.141–142, quoted from Fézensac, Général Raymond–Aimery-Philippe – Joseph de Montesquiou,
Souvenirs Militaires
, Paris, 1863.

3
Ibid., p.167.

4
Ibid., p.202.

5
Ibid., pp.176–177, and Willbold, pp.26–28.

6
Willbold, p.28.

7
Ibid., p.31.

Chapter 7

1
Maude, pp.143–146.

2
Willbold, p.34.

3
Paget Papers, 1 November 1805. It should be noted that this well–known quote may be a little biased. It was written by Paget a few days after Ferdinand appeared in Vienna and gave his report to the kaiser. Mack’s report was not published at this time.

4
Willbold, p.37.

5
Ibid., p.36.

6
Maude, pp.185–186.

7
Krauss, pp.294–296. The actual strengths of 106 battalions are given for 6 October 1805. The average appears to be about 550 men against an establishment figure of 800. IR20 Kaunitz admit to a total loss of 226 men at Günzburg.

8
Nine hundred prisoners given in Willbold, p.41, Maude, p.185 and Lieutenant L. Loy,
Historiques du 84e régiment d’infanterie de ligne 1684–1904
(Lille, 1905), pp.279–280.

9
Lieutenant L. Loy,
Historiques du 84ème régiment d’infanterie de ligne 1684–1904
(Lille, 1905), pp279–280. The 9ème Légère became the 84ème Regiment in 1854.

10
Furse, p.194.

11
Furse, p.191.

Chapter 8

1
Douay et Hertault p.67, and Willbold, pp.54–56.

2
Riesch’s report in Willbold, pp.47–48. The geological conditions along this stretch of the river bank differ drastically from those further east and south of the river. When Col. F.N. Maude walked over this area while researching his book The Ulm Campaign, he found the soil here ‘the most viscous and slippery mud it has ever been my misfortune to meet’, extending east towards Albeck and south–west to Ulm. On the south bank however he found the ground much firmer, and ‘though much water lay in pools, and the country roads were far from being bottomless, nor did it appear to me likely that they would become so even under such traffic as the marching of the Austrian and French troops.’ This he discovered was due to the nature of the ‘cretaceous rock, and layers of deep–sea mud…which poach up under
traffic into a viscid water–holding medium of the most aggravating description.’ Colonel Maude also recorded that his own walking pace was reduced to one mile an hour in this area. Maude, pp256–258.

3
Maude, p.240.

4
Paget Papers FO7/75 Enclosure in correspondence of 1 Nov. 1805 and Angeli, pp.477–488.

5
Willbold, p.90.

6
Maude, p.246 and Angeli, pp.486–487.

7
Douay et Hertault, p.72.

8
Angeli, p.479.

9
Seventy–one officers and 1,553 men were captured at Trochtelfingen. Maude, p.239.

10
From the Journal of the Count of Neipperg, an Austrian Staff Officer. Part quoted in Willbold, p.99.

11
Willbold, pp.99–100.

12
Paget Papers, FO7/75 Enclosure in correspondence of 1 Nov. 1805.

13
Willbold, p.56.

Chapter 9

1
Mikhailovsky, pp.83–84.

2
Douay et Hertault, pp.77–78. See also, Karl Ludwig Schulmeister,
Gazette of the Napoleonic Alliance
.

3
Ibid., pp.79–82.

4
Paget Papers, Paget to Rt. Hon. Lord Mulgrave, 1 Nov. 1805.

5
In fact this was the work of Schulmeister. See
Douay et Hertault
, p.72.

6
Paget Papers, Paget to Lord Mulgrave, 1 Nov. 1805.

7
Kukiel, p.65.

8
The Times
, 30 Nov 1805, from a letter written in Enns on 30 Oct.

9
Ibid., from a letter written in Ried on 25 Oct.

10
Douay et Hertault, pp.85–86.

11
Mikhailovsky, p.88.

12
Paget Papers, Paget to Lord Mulgrave, 1 Nov. 1805.

13
The Times
, 30 Nov 1805, from a letter written in Vienna on 29 Oct.

14
Ibid., from a letter written in Enns on 31 Oct.

15
Paget Papers, Paget to Lord Mulgrave, 8 Nov. 1805.

16
Ibid.

Chapter 10

1
Mikhailovsky, p.95.

2
Egger,
Hollabrunn
, p.2.

3
Langeron, Letter from Kutuzov to Miloradovich, 26 July 1806, p.65.

4
Lejeune, I, pp.24–25.

5
Ibid., p.25.

6
Parkinson, p.65. Quoted from Bragin, M.,
Kutuzov
, Moscow, 1944, p.23.

7
Mikhailovsky, p.92. Alexander Suvorov (1729–1800) revered Russian military leader who held great faith in the use of the bayonet. He is quoted, ‘The ball will lose its way the bayonet never! The ball is a fool, the bayonet a hero!’

8
Ibid., p.93, Quoted from, Dumas, Count M.,
Précis des évènements militaires,
Tome XIII, p.503.

9
Mikhailovsky, pp.96–97.

10
Burton, p.62.

11
Egger,
Hollabrunn
, p.2.

12
Ibid., p.8, and Douey et Hertault, pp.95–97.

13
Angeli, p.336.

Chapter 11

1
Langeron, p.67.

2
Parkinson, p.71.

3
Masson, p.142.

4
Ibid.

5
Janetschek, p.27.

6
Duffy, p.70. Quoted from
Souvenirs Militaires d’Octave Levasseur
, Paris. 1914, p58.

7
Langeron, p.25.

8
Ibid., p.26.

9
Ibid., p.25.

Chapter 12

1
Langeron, p.27.

2
Stutterheim, pp.40–41.

3
Langeron, p.138. Langeron’s notes are added to an account of the Battle of Austerlitz submitted by Kutuzov to the tsar.

4
Stutterheim, p.18.

5
Ibid., p.26 & p.36.

6
Langeron, p.28.

7
Stutterheim, pp.20–21.

8
Paget Papers, Paget to Lord Mulgrave, 25 November 1805.

9
Highly colourful accounts of this meeting appear in Savary and de Ségur. Another account, published in
The Times
of 7 February 1806 and attributed to Dolgorukov, gives another more restrained view of the discussions under the heading ‘Refutation of certain misrepresentations which have been circulated with a malignant design’.

10
Kutuzov, p.210.

11
Ibid., p.213.

12
Stutterheim, p.53.

13
Janetschek, p.39.

14
Kutuzov, pp.216–217.

15
Langeron, p.159 note 12.

16
Langeron, p.158 note 9.

17
Langeron, p.32.

18
Richter, Gabriel. This account recorded in the Satschan school chronicles by Richter can be accessed on line in the History section of,
http://www.austerlitz2005.com
.

19
Ibid.

20
Ibid.

21
Ibid.

22
Ibid.

23
Duffy p.80, quoted from Ségur, II, pp.451–452.

Chapter 13

1
Ermolov, p.54.

2
Masson, pp.144–145.

3
This is the version issued to the army. In a subsequent version of the proclamation Napoleon reworked it to read ‘while the enemy marches to turn my right, they open
their flanks to my attack.’ The original version reflects the position as Napoleon saw it before he recognised how far to his right the Allied attack had swung.

4
Kutuzov, pp.216–217 and Stutterheim, pp.59–61.

5
There are different versions of this event, some suggesting it may actually have taken place early in the evening and a number of different units claim to have been the first to take up the burning brands.

6
Ermolov, pp.53–54.

7
Thiébault, Passage du Goldbach, p.11.

8
Langeron, p.33.

9
Ibid.

10
Ermolov, p.54.

11
Langeron, p.43.

12
Thiébault, III, p.456.

13
Langeron, p.10.

14
Richter, Gabriel. Available online at
http://www.austerlitz2005.com
.

15
Langeron, p.43.

16
Coloquial form of Illarionovich.

17
Mikhailovsy, pp.181–182.

18
Duffy, p.109.