As Texas Goes... (19 page)

74
“We think we know”: Vice presidential debate, October 5, 2000, available at:
http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=122771&page=1
.

75
Beginning public school teachers: McCall,
The Power of the Texas Governor
, 72.

75
Funding was wildly inequitable:
The Progress of Education in Texas
, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory, November 2000, 3.

75
“one of the first nerds”: Ivins,
Molly Ivins Can’t Say That
, 41.

75
“I’ve got pictures”: McCall,
The Power of the Texas Governor
,
72.

76
Before his presidential adventures: Marty Primeau, “Ross Perot: He’s the Dallas Billionaire Who Rescued His Men in Iran, Fought Drug Abuse, Made Athletes Pass to Play and Gave Almost $100M to Charities Along the Way,”
Dallas Morning News
, July 6, 1986.

76
spending an enormous amount: Ibid.

76
“H. Ross took off”: Ivins,
Molly Ivins Can’t Say That
,
25.

77
bumper sticker: Randy Galloway, “Perot Won’t Break on Education Reforms,”
Dallas Morning News
,
March 7, 1985.

77
“In some respects”: Bill Hobby,
How Things Really Work
(Austin: Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, 2010), 206.

77
“We have had three”: “Texas : School Finance Bill Just Meets Deadline,”
Los Angeles Times
,
June 1, 1993.

78
“story on how our schools”: Molly Ivins, “Who Deserves Credit for Texas?” Creators Syndicate, 2000.

79
“Testing is the cornerstone”: Presidential Debate, October 3, 2000, available at:
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29418#axzz1bSIcUZfI
.

79
“Write your governor”: Collins, “Our Mister Bush.”

79
“What’s more important”:
Good Morning America
, ABC, September 25, 2000.

79
“Regardless of where”: “Study Shows Texas Schools Doing Well,”Associated Press, July 26, 2000, available at:
http://lubbockonline.com/stories/072600/edu_072600015.shtml
.

79
“I am proud”: “Texas Cited as National Leader in Education,” press release, July 25, 2000, available at:
http://archive
.newsmax.com/articles/?a=2000/7/26/14354
.

79
“It’s not a miracle”: John Mintz, “Rand Study Suggests Texas’ Test Score Claims Are Misleading,”
Washington Post
,
October 25, 2000.

80
“the opinion of a few”: “Report Derides Education in Texas,” Associated Press, October 24, 2000.

80
“All the emphasis”: Jim Yardley, “Critics Say a Focus on Test Scores Is Overshadowing Education in Texas,”
New York Times
,
October 30, 2000.

80
During the 2000 Senate campaign: Gail Collins, “Those Who Can’t, Test,”
New York Times
, April 17, 2001.

80
teachers went into mourning: Ibid.

82
“Market discipline is”: Louis V. Gerstner,
Reinventing Education
(New York: Dutton, 1994), p. 21. I first saw this quote in an article by Emily Pyle, “Te$t Market,”
Texas Observer
,
May 14, 2005.

82
In 2011, the Texas Association: Morgan Smith, “Amid School Finance Shuffle, PreK Measure Returns,”
Texas Tribune
,
June 9, 2011.

83
Karl Rove disagreed: “Karl Rove, The Architect,”
Frontline
,
PBS, April 12, 2005, available at:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/rove/cron.html
.

87
In New York City: Sharon Otterman, “Protesting School Closings, in a Noisy Annual Ritual,”
New York Times
, February 3, 2011.

87
“the scholars presented”: Diane Ravitch,
The Death and Life of the Great American School System
(New York: Basic Books, 2010),
99.

88
“We go from 1,000”: Diana Jean Shemo, “Questions on Data Cloud Luster on Houston Schools,”
New York Times
,
July 11, 2003.

88
The state responded: Ibid.

89
“Some people think”: Diana Jean Shemo, “Education Chief Defends Policy and Past,”
New York Times
,
January 28, 2004.

89
official in North Carolina: Sam Dillon, “Federal Researchers Find Lower Standards,”
New York Times,
October 30, 2009.

89
In New York City: “Standards Raised, More Students Fail Tests,”
New York Times
,
July 28, 2010.

90
“This doesn’t mean”: Ibid.

90
In 2011, Secretary of Education: Sam Dillon, “Overriding a Key Education Law,”
New York Times
,
October 8, 2011.

91
the president invited: Lindsay Kastner, “No Child Left Behind Waivers Offered; Texas Undecided,”
San Antonio Express-News
,
September 24, 2011.

91
Under the state’s newest regimen: Texas Education Agency website, Student Assessment Division; and “STAAR, The Next Generation: State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness: A Parent’s Guide to the Student Testing Program,” Texas Education Agency, 2011, vol. 1, p. 1.

91
A survey: “More Teachers Forced into Extra Jobs,” press release, Texas State Teachers Association, July 20, 2010.

92
Former First Lady: Barbara Bush, “We Can’t Afford to Cut Education,”
Houston Chronicle
, February 6, 2011.

92
“not a single person”: Kimberly Hefling, “No Child Left Behind’s Promise Falls Short after 10 Years,” Associated Press, January 8, 2012.

92
George W. Bush gave: Andrew Rotherham, “‘Let’s Not Weaken It’: An Exclusive Interview,”
Time
,
January 12, 2012.

93
“a federal takeover”: Kate Alexander, “Texas Will Not Compete for Federal Education Grant,”
Austin American-Statesman
,
January 13, 2010.

93
“Texas was a model”: “Gov. Perry’s Education Plan Gains Federal Approval,” Office of the Governor, July 26, 2002.

6: The Business of Schools

Interviews: David Anderson, Carolyn Boyle, Scott Hochberg, Sandy Kress, George Miller, Bill Ratliff, Diane Ravitch, Vernon Reaser, Paul Sadler, Michael Villarreal.

95
In Colorado: Mark Dinger, “Evaluation of NCLB Title I, Part I, Part A: Supplemental Educational Services,” study submitted to the Colorado Department of Education, June 2010.

95
In Ohio: “White Hat Management: Ohio Charter School Giant,”
StateImpact Ohio
, NPR, available at:
http://stateimpact.npr.org/ohio/tag/white-hat-management/
.

96
“When our hair is”: Matt Dellinger,
Interstate 69
,
231.

96
“And that question”: Ibid., 231–32.

97
At a protest march: Ibid., 274.

97
“We’re talking about”: Polly Ross Hughes, “Bidding to Begin on Call Centers,”
Houston Chronicle
,
June 8, 2004.

97
“It was like turning”: “Accenture, R.I.P,”
Texas Observer
,
March 23, 2007.

97
“Most infamously”: Robert T. Garrett, “Exclusive: State Privatization Champion Gets Contract to Help Clear Up Welfare Mess,”
Dallas Morning News
,
March 13, 2010.

98
The Republicans held firm: Clay Robinson, “Texas GOP Leaders Censure Party Official,”
Houston Chronicle,
October 5, 2003.

98
Forty percent: Morgan Smith and Nick Pandolfo, “For-Profit Teacher Certification Is Booming,”
Texas Tribune
,
as printed in
New York Times
,
November 26, 2011.

99
“Ever since then”: Gail Collins, “Reading, ’Riting and Revenues,”
New York Times
,
May 11, 2011.

99
At a hearing: Ibid.

99
Pearson, the London-based: John Egan, “Texas Education Agency Supports TAKS Operator Pearson in Wake of Florida Testing Debacle,” examiner.com, July 6, 2010.

99
When a (doomed): Abby Rapoport, “The Pearson Graduate,”
Texas Observer
,
September 6, 2011.

100
The cost of those services: Based on the data reported by the fifty states, DC, and Puerto Rico, in SY 2009–2010, the federal Department of Education estimated that approximately $1 billion was spent on tutoring services under the No Child Left Behind law. The department does not collect information on how much was spent by for-profit versus non-profit providers.

100
In Columbus, Ohio: “Is the Cost of Private Tutoring Worth the Money?”
Education News
,
November 11, 2011.

100
In Colorado: Dinger, “Evaluation of NCLB.”

101
“I can afford to”: “School Vouchers,”
PBS Online Hour
, November 27, 1998, available at:
http://www.pbs.org/news
hour/bb/education/july-dec98/vouchers_11-27.html
.

102
In 1998 Leininger provided: “Rick Perry Watch: Private School Vouchers,” Texas Freedom Network, available at:
http://www.tfn.org/site/PageServer?pagename=issues_reli
gious_right_watch_rick_perry
.

102
beneficiary of Leininger’s generosity: R. G. Ratcliff, “With Taxpayers’ Help, Perry’s a Long Way from the Cotton Farm,” chron.com (
Houston Chronicle
, online edition), July 26, 2009; “Rick Perry Watch: Private School Vouchers,” Texas Freedom Network.

102
In 1999, Perry blamed: “Bush Makes State Senate Visit as Voucher Bill Hits the Floor,” Associated Press, as published in
LubbockOnline
, May 21, 1999.

103
“If you got to meet”: April Castro, “Thousands Rally in Support of Vouchers,” Associated Press, February 8, 2007.

104
“I tried to get”: Gail Collins, “Education On Ice,”
New York Times
,
May 18, 2001.

104
A reporter visiting : Stuart Eskenazi, “Learning Curves,”
Houston Press
,
July 22, 1999.

104
A school in Dallas: Ibid.

104
In 2001, a Houston: Harvey Rice, “Three Plead Guilty to Fraud through Charter Schools,”
Houston Chronicle,
April 19, 2005; Stella Chavez, “School Operators Rarely Face Criminal Charges in Fraud Cases,”
Dallas Morning News,
April 5, 2008.

105
Over in Florida: Kathleen McGrory and Scott Hiaasen, “How Some States Rein in Charter School Abuses,”
Miami Herald
,
December 10, 2011.

105
By 2010 there were 5,000: “Charter Schools,”
Education Week
,
May 25, 2011.

106
By the No Child Left Behind: “Private Education Management Organizations Continue to Grow—but Results Are Mixed,” National Education Policy Center, January 6, 2012.

106
Bennett resigned: “Bennett Under Fire for Remarks on Blacks, Crime,” CNN, September 30, 2005, available at:
http://articles.cnn.com/2005-09-30/politics/bennett.comments_1_crime-rate-morally-reprehensible-thing-black-baby?_s=PM:POLITICS
.

106
By 2011, there were an estimated: Jenny Anderson, “Students of Online Schools Are Lagging,”
New York Times
,
January 6, 2012.

107
In Tennessee, K
12
: Gail Collins, “Virtually Educated,”
New York Times
,
December 2, 2011.

107
All in all, K
12
: Stephanie Saul, “Profits and Questions at Online Charter Schools,”
New York Times
,
December 13, 2011.

107
In Pennsylvania: Ibid.

107
The prospects for: Ibid.

107
A study by the: Anderson, “Students of Online Schools are Lagging.”

7: The Textbook Wars

Interviews: David Anderson, Keith Erekson, Julie McGee, Dan Quinn.

108
In 2009, the nation watched: Mariah Blake, “Revisionaires: How a Group of Texas Conservatives Is Rewriting Your Kids’ Textbooks,”
Washington Monthly
, January/February 2010.

108
In 2010, the subject was: Russell Shorto, “How Christian Were the Founders?”
New York Times Magazine,
February 11, 2010.

109
They brought their supporters: Blake, “Revisionaires.”

109
Products of the Texas: Ibid.

110
Imagine the feelings: Eugenie C. Scott, “Texas Textbook Adoptions: Whither (Wither?) Evolution?”
National Center for Science Education
,
Winter 1996.

111
Its most famous campaign: Karen Olsson, “Mr. Right,”
Texas Monthly
,
November 2002; Kathy Walt, “Religious Right Roaring into Race,”
Houston Chronicle
,
March 9, 1996.

111
Another organization Leininger has supported: Debbie Nathan, “Leininger Contributes to Conservative Causes with Money and Prayer, Wallet and Spirit,”
Austin Chronicle
18, issue 22, available at:
http://www.austinchronicle.com/issues/vol18/issue22/pols.leininger.contr.html
.

111
The chorus of objections: Patricia Kilday Hart, “Right Makes Right,”
Texas Monthly
, May 2002.

112
Don McLeroy: Blake, “Revisionaires.”

112
“this document that”: “Talk of the Nation,” NPR, March 16, 2010, available at:
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124737756
.

112
In 2010, the board: Blake, “Revisionaires.”

113
“only majorities can expand”: Ibid.

113
“The way I evaluate”: Ibid.

113
If the students were going: Brian Thevenot and Niran Babalola, “The Revision Thing,”
Texas Tribune
, March 10, 2010.

113
“As a State Board”: “The Texas State Board of Education: A Case of Abuse of Power,” ACLU Texas, May 13, 2010, available at:
http://www.aclutx.org/2010/05/13/the-texas-state-board-of-education-a-case-of-abuse-of-power/
.