Army of Evil: A History of the SS (61 page)

Introduction

1
See, for example, Padfield,
Himmler
, or, for a more up-to-date picture, Longerich,
Heinrich Himmler
.

2
See Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
.

3
Hathaway,
In Perfect Formation
, p. 11.

Chapter One: The Defeat of Wilhelmine Germany and the Origins of the National Socialist Party

1
Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 80.

2
Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, p. 192.

3
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 110.

4
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 119.

5
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 114.

6
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 16.

7
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 17.

8
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 158.

9
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 20.

10
USNA BDC, SSO Personalakte Hewel.

11
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 208.

Chapter Two: The Rebirth of National Socialism and the Creation of the SS

1
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 211.

2
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 211.

3
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 213.

4
Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 195.

5
Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 195.

6
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 217.

7
Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 196.

8
Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 196.

9
Quoted in Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 196.

10
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 217.

11
Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 196.

12
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 219.

13
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 225.

14
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 224.

15
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 234.

16
Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 201.

17
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 24.

18
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 28.

19
Trevor-Roper,
Hitler’s Table Talk
, p. 167.

20
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 119.

21
BDC, SSO072B.

22
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 29.

23
Trevor-Roper,
Hitler’s Table Talk
.

24
BDC, Personalakt Bednarek.

25
Bullock,
Hitler
, p. 128.

26
NARA, T-580/87.

27
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 30.

28
BDC, SSO100B.

29
BDC, SSO027A.

30
NARA, T-580/87.

31
NARA, T-580/87.

32
NARA, T-580/87.

33
NARA, T-580/87.

34
Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 206.

35
NARA, T-580/87.

36
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 24.

37
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 22.

38
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 22.

Chapter Three: Heinrich Himmler

1
K. Himmler,
The Himmler Brothers
, p. 24.

2
Longerich,
Heinrich Himmler
, p. 18.

3
K. Himmler,
The Himmler Brothers
, p. 26.

4
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 20.

5
George Hallgarten, a Jewish classmate of Himmler, quoted in Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 24.

6
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 28.

7
Longerich,
Heinrich Himmler
, pp. 31–32.

8
Longerich,
Heinrich Himmler
, p. 32.

9
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 37.

10
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 31.

11
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 38.

12
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 34.

13
NARA BDC, SSO99A Personalakt Heinrich Himmler.

14
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 67.

15
Padfield,
Himmler
, pp. 68–72.

16
Longerich,
Heinrich Himmler
, p. 88

17
Otto Strasser quoting his brother Gregor, quoted in Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 80.

18
NARA BDC, SSO99A, Personalakt Heinrich Himmler.

19
Karin Himmler,
The Himmler Brothers
, p. 118.

20
Quoted in Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 83.

21
NARA, T-580/87.

22
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 37.

23
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 38.

Chapter Four: A New Broom

1
NARA, T-580/87.

2
The best account of Dietrich’s life, avoiding the “fanboy” hagiography of much writing about him, is to be found in Messenger,
Hitler’s Gladiator
.

3
Messenger,
Hitler’s Gladiator
, p. 7

4
Messenger,
Hitler’s Gladiator
, p. 209

5
NARA, T-580/87.

6
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 46.

7
Yerger,
Allgemeine-SS
, p. 53.

8
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 334.

9
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 326.

10
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 327.

11
NARA BDC, SSO0134 Personalakt Kurt Daluege.

12
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 55.

13
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 57.

14
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 58.

15
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 46.

16
Koehl,
The SS,
p. 47.

17
NARA, T-580/87.

18
Andrew and Mitrokhin,
The Sword and the Shield
, p. 124.

19
NARA BDC, SSO0134 Personalakt Kurt Daluege.

20
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 58.

21
Wistrich,
Who’s Who in Nazi Germany
, p. 59.

22
Hathaway,
In Perfect Formation
, pp. 23ff. This is an excellent account of Darré’s “blood and soil” ideas.

23
This account of eugenics is based on Weale,
Science and the Swastika
, pp. 31ff.

24
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 47.

25
NARA, T-580/87.

26
Koehl,
The SS
, p. 84.

27
H. Himmler,
Die SS
. This is a brief history of the SS and an explanation of its ideology, originally published under Himmler’s name in 1939 although drafted by the SS propagandist Gunther D’Alquen. It was widely reproduced, with revisions, until 1945, appearing in publications like SS pocket diaries and recruitment material.

28
Hathaway,
In Perfect Formation
, p. 47.

29
Neil Gregor,
How to Read Hitler
, p. 103 onwards.

Chapter Five: Taking Control

1
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 363.

2
Bullock,
Hitler
, p. 253.

3
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 156.

4
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 153.

5
Quoted in Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 147.

6
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 107. Padfield speculates on the motivation of many leading National Socialists, and he suggests quite strongly that Naval Intelligence infiltrated Heydrich into the SS.

7
Schellenberg,
The Memoirs of Hitler’s Spymaster
, p. 31.

8
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 155.

9
Quoted in Whiting,
Heydrich
,
Henchman of Death
, p. 35.

10
Browder,
Foundations of the Nazi Police State
, p. 26.

11
Himmler, “Rede zur Officeseinführung von Ernst Kaltenbrunner als neuer RSHA-Chef am 30.1.43,” quoted in Wildt,
Nachrichtendienst, politische Elite und Mordeinheit
, p. 9.

12
Browder,
Foundations of the Nazi Police State
, p. 28.

13
Browder,
Foundations of the Nazi Police State
, p. 27.

14
Bullock,
Hitler
, p. 261.

15
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 456.

16
Evans,
The Third Reich in Power
, p. 11.

17
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 459.

18
Browder,
Foundations of the Nazi Police State
, p. 54.

19
Evans,
The Third Reich in Power
, p. 11.

20
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 461.

21
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 468.

22
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 70.

23
Browder,
Foundations of the Nazi Police State
, pp. 67–68.

24
Westermann,
Hitler’s Police Battalions
, p. 39.

25
Browder,
Foundations of the Nazi Police State
, pp. 55–62. This is an excellent account of the early days of the Gestapo.

26
Westermann,
Hitler’s Police Battalions
, pp. 39–40.

Chapter Six: Consolidation

1
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 85.

2
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 87.

3
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 87.

4
Kershaw,
Hitler: Hubris
, p. 505.

5
Evans,
The Third Reich in Power
, p. 30, and Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, pp. 90–2, for the machinations of Heydrich against Röhm and the SA.