Ancient Iraq (74 page)

Oman
,
13
,
15
,
78
,
148
,
155
,
156
,
160
,
see also
Magan

Opis,
387
,
see also
Upâ

Orodes,
421

Orontes
river and valley,
14
,
175
,
297
,
414

Osrhoene,
419

Oueili, Tell el-',
60

Pakistan
,
15

Palaites,
232 – 3

Palegawra
,
33
,
38

Palestine

archaeology and culture,
14
,
46
,
48
,
50
,
78
,
353

geography,
148
,
266

history,
150
,
237 – 40
,
255
,
256
,
258
,
261
,
268 – 9
,
309
,
310 – 11
,
312
,
318
,
320
,
375
,
377 – 8
,
403

Palmyra,
14
,
175
,
420
,
see also
Tidmur

Paratarna,
255 – 6

Parthians,
266
,
385
,
414
,
416
,
418 – 22

Parysatis,
301

Pasag*,
99

Pasargadae,
383

Peleset,
see
Philistines

Pelusium,
320 – 21
,
378

Peoples of the Sea,
266
,
267
,
269
,
271

Perdiccas,
413

Persepolis,
27
,
29
,
249

Persians

culture,
77
,
156
,
226
,
296
,
409
,
410
,
411
,
428

history,
159
,
266
,
268
,
277
,
282
,
302
,
303
,
336
,
374
,
383 – 8
,
391
,
406 – 7
,
421
,
423

Persian Gulf

geography,
4
,
15
,
34
,
36
,
95
,
262
,
274
,
298
,
415

trade and settlement,
42
,
65
,
80
,
130
,
155
,
160
,
242

Pharaohs,
237 – 8
,
239
,
240
,
254 – 9
,
268
,
312
,
414

Philip Arrhideus,
413

Philistines,
265
,
266
,
267
,
268
,
302
,
309
,
333
,
378

Phoenicia

culture,
13
,
271
,
276
,
287
,
322
,
346
,
353 – 4

history,
148
,
267
,
269 – 70
,
302
,
308
,
320
,
326
,
331
,
333
,
336
,
374 – 5
,
377 – 8
,
403
,
414

Phraortes (6th C.
B.C.
),
407

Phraortes (7th C.
B.C.
),
372 – 3

Phrygia,
266
,
271
,
279
,
282
,
288
,
314
,
319
,
326
,
413

Pir Hussain
,
157

Pirindu,
381

Pitkhanas,
233

Polatli,
230

Pontic mountains,
319

Psammetichus I (Psamtik),
332
,
335
,
373

Psammetichus II,
379
.

Ptolemy,
25
,
413

Puabi (Shubad),
136
,
137

Pulû,
310

Puqudû,
281

Puzur-Ashur I,
188

Puzur-Ashur III,
248
,
254

Puzur-Inshushinak,
157 – 8
,
169

Pythagoras,
427

Qabra,
194

Qadesh,
258
,
261
,
263

Qadissiyah (Haditha),
31

Qal‘at Hajji Muhammad
,
see
Hajji Muhammad

Qal'at Sherqat
,
125
,
see also
Assur

Qalinj Agha, Tell
,
70

Qarqar
,
297
,
312
,
348

Qatar
,
15

Qatna,
193
,
238
,
239
,
256
,
258

Qedar,
334
,
379

Quê,
314

Qummani,
279

Qurdi-Nergal,
356
,
see also
Sin

Qurnah
,
5

Raiat
,
14

Ramâdi
,
12

Ramesses II,
261
,
268

Ramesses III,
266

Rania,
45

Rapihu (Tell Rifah),
328

Rapiqum,
186
,
197
,
274

Ras el ‘Amiya
60

Ras el'Ain,
55

Ras-Shamra
,
53
,
65
,
see also
Ugarit

Ras-Shamra,
see also
Ugarit

Rasunu (Rezin),
308

Red Sea
,
34
,
269

Rifa'at, Tell
,
see
Arpad

Rifah, Tell
(Rapihu),
328

Rimah, Tell al-
,
31
,
208

Rim-Sin of Elam,
243

Rim-Sin of Larsa,
185
,
197
,
199 – 200

Rimush,
155
,
158

Romans,
414
,
421

Rowanduz
,
14
,
37
,
39

Ruâd
,
269
,
see also
Arvad

Rusahina,
304

Rusas I,
313
,
314

Rusas II,
327

Russia
,
226
,
229
,
303
,
304
,
319
,
326

Sabakhs,
312

Sabu,
24

Sais,
330

Sakje-Gözü
,
50
,
272

Salahiyeh
,
415

Sam‘al,
272
,
275
,
276
,
see also
Ya'diya
;
Zenjirli

Samaria,
269
,
310
,
353
,
375

Samarra
,
48
,
53 – 5
,
57
,
61
,
83

Sammuramat (Semiramis),
301 – 2

Samsat
,
308

Samsi-Addu,
see
Shamsi-Adad

Samsu-ditana,
244
,
246

Samsu-iluna,
24
,
243 – 4

Sanir, Mt,
297
,
see also
Hermon, Mt

Sar-i-Pul
,
157

Sardur II,
304

Sardur III,
308

Sargon I of Assyria,
231

Sargon II of Assyria,
310 – 17
,
319
,
340
,
345

Sargon of Akkad,
122
,
145
,
146
,
151 – 5
,
157
,
160
,
187

Sarpanitum*,
246
,
248
,
396
,
398

Sassanians,
418
,
421 – 2
,
423

Saudi Arabia
,
15

Saul,
268
,
274 – 5

Sawwan, Tell es
-,
31
,
53 – 4
,
61
,
62
,
127
,
425

Scythians,
326 – 7
,
332
,
336
,
373
,
374

Sea-Land,
243
,
253
,
322
,
374

Seleucia,
31
,
363
,
415
,
416
,
417
,
418 – 19
,
424

Seleucus I,
413 – 14

Seleucus III,
416

Sellush-Dagan,
171
,
see also
Drehem

Semiramis (Sammuramat),
301 – 2

Semites

culture,
68
,
85
,
87
,
107
,
124 – 5
,
150 – 51
,
159
,
182
,
186
,
237
,
420
,
426

history,
78
,
80
,
81
,
114
,
139
,
144 – 50
,
153
,
179
,
180
,
188
,
238
,
267

Sennacherib,
301
,
318
,
319 – 24
,
325
,
328
,
340
,
345
,
355
,
394

Septimus Severus,
418
,
421

Seti I,
261

Shaduppum,
186
,
see also
Harmal