Ancient Iraq (70 page)

Egypt

archaeology,
247
,
257

culture,
3
,
6 – 7
,
78
,
137
,
164
,
228
,
237 – 8
,
252
,
259
,
271
,
273
,
346
,
353
,
371
,
411
,
414 – 15

history (to 8th C.
B.C
.),
225
,
235
,
238 – 40
,
245
,
253 – 61
,
263
,
265
,
266
,
282
,
287
,
309 – 14
,
passim

(from 8th C.
B.C
.),
318
,
320
,
327 – 9
,
330
,
332
,
375
,
377
,
378 – 9
,
385
,
403
,
412
,
427

ruling system,
139
,
267
,
269

E.hul.hul,
382
,
384

Ekallâtum,
189
,
190
,
191
,
193
,
198
,
279

Ekron,
320

Ekur,
341

E1*,
275

Elam

culture,
77
,
167
,
186
,
232
, 347

geography,
15
,
156

history (to 12th C.
B.C
.),
140
,
141
,
153
,
155
,
157 – 8
,
159
,
160
,
169
,
177
,
179
,
184 – 5
,
198 – 9
,
243
,
260
,
263 – 5

history (from 12th C.
B.C.
),
277 – 8
,
282
,
287
,
310 – 11
,
314
,
318
,
321 – 2
,
326
,
332 – 3
,
334 – 5
,
374
,
375
,
403

Emar (Meskene),
14
,
32

Emutbal,
24
,
197

En-nigaldi-Nanna,
383

En-shakush-anna,
143

Enakalli,
141

Enheduanna,
153

Eninkimar,
152

Enki*,
88
,
89
,
92
,
93
,
104
,
359
,
see also
Ea

Enkidu,
117 – 19

Enlil*

legend,
94
,
95
,
108
,
111
,
115
,
196
,
397

worship,
88 – 9
,
99
,
104
,
139
,
159
,
181
,
202
,
249
,
398

Enlil-bâni,
183

Enlil-nadin-ahnê,
265

Enlil-nirâri,
262

Enmerkar,
104
,
116

Enna-Dagan,
142

Enshag* (Inzak),
104
,
105

Entemena,
137 – 8
,
143

Erbil
,
20
,
194
,
see also
Urbêl
,
Arba‘il

Erech,
68
,
see also
Uruk

Ereshkigal*,
87
,
92
,
101

Eriba-Marduk,
303

Eridu

archaeology,
30
,
59 – 61
,
68
,
134
,
163

culture,
54
,
57
,
64
,
65
,
70
,
83
,
106
,
108

geography,
4
,
131

Erishum I,
188

Erridu-Pizir,
161

Esagila,
98
,
298

Esarhaddon,
318
,
324 – 9
,
343

Esharhamat,
340

Eashnunna,
126
,
176 – 7
,
179
,
185 – 7
,
190
,
193
,
197
,
198 – 200
,
243
,
see also
Asmar, Tell

Eski Mosul,
31

Etana,
114 – 15
,
196
,
357

Ethiopia
,
269
,
328

Euphrates
river

geography,
2
,
4 – 8
,
10
,
11 – 12
,
16
,
31
,
36
,
67
,
390 – 91
,
393
,
412
,
423

trade and settlement,
13
,
64
,
65
,
66
,
83
,
130
,
152
,
154
,
182
,
189
,
190
,
272
,
280
,
318
,
425 – 6

Ezekiah,
320

Failakka Island,
15
,
see also
Kuwait

Fallujah
,
14
,
197

Fara, Tell
,
124
,
143
,
see also
Shuruppak

Farama, Tell
,
see
Pelusium

Fars mountains,
383

Fertile Crescent,
148
,
150
,
234
,
267
,
273
,
318

Gambulû,
281
,
327
,
333

Ganges river,
412

Ganj Dareh
,
46

Gareus*,
420

Gasgas,
245

Gasur,
234 – 5
,
see also
Nuzi

Gatamdug*,
166

Gaugamela,
412

Gawra, Tepe
,
30
,
55
,
56
,
64
,
79
,
235

Gaza
,
309
,
312
,
379

Geshtin-anna*,
92

Geshur,
275

Gilgamesh,
100
,
109
,
112
,
113
,
116 – 21
,
123
,
137
,
156
,
196
,
252
,
356
,
421
,
427

Gimil-Ningishzida,
223

Gimirrai,
see
Cimmerians

Gindibu,
297

Girsu,
122
,
124
,
127
,
128
,
131
,
132
,
134
,
165–8
,
172
,
173
,
419

Giyan, Tepe
,
309

Gobryas
406

Grai Resh
,
79

Greeks

culture,
23
,
230
,
276
,
358
,
359
,
366
,
371
,
414 – 18
,
419 – 20
,
426 – 7

history,
225
,
226 – 9
,
265
,
266
,
270
,
336
,
385
,
403
,
423

Gubaru (Gobryas),
386 – 7

Gudea,
81
,
165
,
166 – 8
,
338

Gula*,
99

Gulgamesh,
100

Gungunum,
183

Guran, Tepe
,
46

Guraya,
347

Gurgum,
272
,
304
,
314

Guti,
156
,
158
,
159
,
161
,
162
,
166
,
169
,
170
,
193
,
199
,
247
,
262
,
263
,
421

Guzana,
14
,
24
,
275
,
302
,
see also
Halaf, Tell

Gyges,
331
,
332
,
335

Hanigalbat,
235

Habiru,
239 – 40

Habuba Kabira
,
70
,
76

Hacilar,
46
,
230

Hadad*,
275
,
see also
Adad

Hadâtu,
309
,
see also
Arslan Tash

Haditha (Qadissiyah),
31

Hadramaut,
148

Hajji Muhammad
,
54
,
57
,
60
,
61
,
83

Halabja
,
14

Halaf, Tell
,
14
,
48
,
55 – 9
,
230
,
275
,
276
,
see also
Guzana

Haldia*,
314

Halê,
188

Hallulê,
322

Hallushu (Halutash),
322

Halpa,
245

Haltemash,
335

Halys river,
380

Hama
,
272
,
275
,
297
,
303
,
312
,
353

Hamadan
(Ecbatana),
14
,
374

Hamazi,
141

Hammurabi,
23 – 4
,
26
,
79
,
179
,
185
,
194
,
195 – 202
,
212
,
219
,
224
,
241 – 2

Code of Law,
162
,
186
,
195
,
196
,
202 – 6
,
265
,
366
,
367
,
408

Hamrîn, Jabal
,
63
,
187

Hana ('Anah),
274

Hanaeans,
188 – 9
,
190
,
244

Hanigalbat,
263

Hanuna,
312