American Experiment (471 page)

see also
campus movement; civil rights movement; peace movement; women’s liberation movement

Social Security,
75
,
77
,
78
,
86
,
90
,
112
,
566

threats of cuts,
559
,
640

Wagner-Murray-Dingell bill,
191

Sofaer, Abraham,
495

Solidarity movement,
644

“Solid South,”
251
,
382
,
460
,
657

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr I.,
489
,
532
,
538

Sombart, Werner,
542

Somoza, Anastasio,
330

Sontag, Susan,
409
,
623

Sorensen, Theodore,
324
,
332
,
334
,
374
,
412

South:

black migration,
315
,
385

black voter registration,
356
,
378-81
,
382-4

Democratic party in,
118
,
354
,
382
,
460
(see also
Democratic party, Southern wing) Democratic-Republican balance-shifting,
250-1
,
382
,
460
,
640
,
657

“Other South,”
353

poverty in,
313-18
,
354
,
567

racial tension,
315-16
,
321-3
,
348-58
,
361-9
,
378-85
; white anti-black violence,
352
,
357
,
361-2
,
365
,
368-9
,
372
,
380
,
382-4
,
386

union organization lagging in,
48-9

state government,
354

white domination,
354-5

Southeast Asia,
265
,
337-8
,
339
,
341
(see also
Indochina; Vietnam)

Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty,
265

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization,
189

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC),
356
,
357-8
,
366-9
,
371
,
379
,
382-3
,
399

Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union,
49

South Korea,
240-2
,
265
,
578

South of Freedom
(Rowan),
314

South Vietnam,
401-3
,
411
,
417-20
,
480-4
,
489
,
493-4

see also
Vietnam War

Souvestre, Marie,
8

Soviet Union,
220
,
265

American perceptions and misperceptions of,
220-2
,
227-8
,
229
,
233-4
,
241-2
,
254
,
262
,
526-8

and Communist China,
260
,
265
,
405
,
469
,
472
,
474-6
,
485-6
,
488
,
526-9

dissidents,
489
,
523
,
526
,
539

domination of Eastern Europe,
210-11
,
221
,
226
,
229
,
258
,
469

encircled with US bases,
265
,
286
,
334-5
,
337
,
527

expansionism,
221
,
228
,
293

5-year plans,
131
,
227

and India,
340

invasion of Afghanistan,
529
,
531
,
626

Jews in,
488

Korean War blunder of,
241-2
,
260

and Middle East,
265
,
486-7
,
488
,
526-7

misperceptions of America in,
220-1
,
233-4
,
241-2
,
260
,
262
,
301-2
,
491
,
527

1939 pact with Nazi Germany,
151
,
159
,
197
,
260

nuclear weapons of,
259
,
264
,
333-5
,
527
; A-bomb,
239-40
; H-bomb,
256

postwar territorial gains,
206
,
207-8

space program,
259
,
578-80
,
581
,
582
,
584
,
586

Stalinism,
20
,
202
,
221
; denounced,
260

US recognition of,
36
,
153

US relations with,
202
,
218
,
220-2
,
225-9
,
232-4
,
253-4
,
476-9
,
485-9
,
523
,
526-9
,
643
(see also
Allies, World War II; arms control; arms race; cold war; détente; human rights; summit meetings)

and Vietnam,
405
,
418
,
476
,
478
,
488

in World War II,
167
,
175
,
177-8
,
180
,
196-7
,
206
,
211
,
223-4
; as ally,
202
; against Japan,
207-8
,
225
,
226

space exploration:

Soviet,
259
,
278-80
,
581
,
582
,
584
,
586

US,
259
,
268
,
542
,
579-87
; Reagan militarization of,
585-6

space shuttle program,
582-4
,
585

Spain, Spanish Civil War,
149
,
156

Sparkman, John,
250

special interest politics,
80
,
126
,
552
,
592
,
646

Congress and,
107
,
192
,
642
,
647-8

special prosecutor,
505

speech, freedom of,
281
,
395-6
,
654
,
666

Spencer, Herbert,
42
,
560
,
562
,
625

Spock, Benjamin,
409

sports,
307
,
609-11

Springsteen, Bruce,
660

Sputnik,
259
,
391
,
553
,
578-9

Square Deal,
7
,
152
,
359

stagflation,
557-8
,
559
,
639

Stalin, Josef,
7
,
52
,
105
,
123
,
151
,
159
,
160
,
202
,
259

death of,
242
,
253

denunciation of,
260

FDR and,
198
,
207-8
,
210-11
,
217
,
341

and Korean War,
241-2
,
260

postwar stance toward West,
227
,
229
,
232
,
233
,
238

purges,
20
,
202
,
221
,
267

and United Nations,
178
,
208
,
211
,
223
in World War II,
196-7
,
207
,
211
,
222
; at Potsdam,
224-5
,
226
; at Teheran,
195
,
198-9
; at Yalta,
159
,
206-8

Stalingrad, battle of,
182
,
199

Stanford University,
542

Stars and Stripes
(services journal),
188

Stassen, Harold,
111
,
191
,
236

State Department,
471

charges of communism against,
231-2
,
243-5
,
252
,
471

states’ rights,
10
,
11
,
13
,
43
,
236
,
562

civil rights issues and,
352

States’ Rights (Dixiecrat) party,
237
,
238

Steagall, Henry B.,
24

steel industry:

Big Steel,
97
,
99-100
,
651

JFK price rollback,
651

labor unrest,
49
,
97
,
99-100

Little Steel,
100
,
187-8

production,
101
,
264
; wartime,
183

wartime female labor,
188

Steel Workers Organizing Committee,
99-100

Stegner, Wallace,
58

Steichen, Edward,
593

Stein, Herbert,
214
,
554-5
,
557

Steinbeck, John,
141-2
,
298

Steinem, Gloria,
439

Stennis, John,
376

Stevenson, Adlai F.,
249
,
286-7
,
289
,
324
,
325-6
,
373
,
494
,
677

in Cuban missile crisis,
334
,
337

presidential candidate: 1952,
249-51
,
252
; 1956,
257
,
286
,
287

Stieglitz, Alfred,
593

Stilwell, General Joseph W.,
201
,
470
,
495

Stimson, Henry L.,
17
,
41
,
163
,
169
,
170
,
180
,
186
,
216
,
224
,
236
,
328
,
593

Stimson Doctrine,
170
,
470

Stockman, David,
639-40
,
645

stock market,
669

Black Monday of 1987,
661

Black Tuesday of 1937,
101

1937-38 recession,
104

1970s,
555
,
556
,
557

Stokowski, Leopold,
605

Stone, Harlan, F.,
71
,
82
,
95
,
130
,
667

Stone, I. F.,
407

Strategic Defense Initiative,
586

strikes,
273

air controllers (1981),
638-9

farm labor,
49-50
,
452

1930s,
46-50
,
97-100

postwar,
230
,
236
; 1970 UAW,
573

sit-down,
96
,
97-100
,
107

wartime,
187-8

Structuralism,
624

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC),
358
,
361-3
,
364
,
366
,
379-80
,
383
,
384
,
392

and Black Power,
386-8
,
399

Women’s Liberation Workshop,
442

students:

in civil rights work in South,
380
; lunch-counter sit-ins,
356-7
: SNCC,
358
,
361-3
,
364

1960s to early 1970s unrest,
394-7
,
413-14
,
421-3
,
425
,
460
,
532
,
548

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS),
392-3
,
407
,
409-10
,
417
,
421-2
,
442

Studs Lonigan
(Farrell),
143-4

Styron, William,
620

suburbia,
278-9
,
280
,
285
,
436
,
453
,
573-4

Suckley, Margaret,
212

Suez crisis of 1956,
257
,
286
,
288

Sullivan, Ed,
430

Sullivan, John L.,
307

summit meetings, postwar,
488

1955, Geneva,
257

1959, Washington,
260-1

1960, Paris, aborted,
261-2
,
476

1961, Vienna,
332-3
,
335

1972, Moscow,
476-9
,
485
,
488

1973, Washington,
485-6
,
488

1974, Moscow and Vladivostok,
488
,
523

1979, Vienna,
529

Sumner, William Graham,
42
,
560
,
625

Sumners, Hatton,
93

Sundquist, James,
321

Sun Yat-sen,
337

supply-side economics,
639-40
,
641

Supreme Court, US,
87-96
,
116
,
321
,
646
,
651-5
,
667

Bakke
quota system case,
653

Burger Court,
505-6
,
652-4

court-packing plan of FDR,
93-6
,
105
,
118
; alternatives to,
89-92

Curtiss-Wright case,
156

Dred Scott decision,
652

free speech cases,
535
,
654

Gold Clause cases,
72
,
89