American Experiment (467 page)

Nimitz, Adm. Chester,
180
,
198
,
201
,
205
,
206
,
211

Nixon, E. D.,
349-50

Nixon, Patricia,
473
,
476
,
485

Nixon, Richard M.,
492-3
,
624
,
644
,
681

anticommunism of,
230
,
244
,
418
,
468
,
480
; Hiss case,
232
,
468

background of,
604

character contradictions in,
465-6
,
494
,
508
; the “new” Nixon,
417
,
469
,
637

Checkers speech of,
250
,
252
,
511

income-tax fraud allegation,
504

penchant for secrecy,
467
,
471
,
476
,
492

post-resignation life of,
513-14

as President,
416-20
,
422-6
,
462
,
466-88
,
560-1
,
625
,
630
,
651
; China policy,
468-9
,
470-5
,
488
; decision leaps,
559-60
,
561
; a disappointment to conservatives,
557
,
625
; domestic programs,
466-7
,
479
,
567
; economic policy,
554-7
,
561
,
571
; “enemies list,”
499
,
504
; foreign policy,
467-88
,
491
,
492-4
,
496
,
524
; and the media,
472-3
,
495
,
510-11
; and minority rights issues,
466
; resignation,
488
,
508-9
,
558
; Russian policy,
476-9
,
485-8
,
493
; second inaugural,
484
; siege mentality,
499
,
503
; Supreme Court appointments,
506
,
652-3
; and Vietnam War,
417-20
,
422-6
,
475-6
,
478-84
,
493-4

presidential candidacies:
1960
,
262
,
326
,
331
,
360
,
468
,
555
,
637
;
1968
,
415-16
,
555
,
637
;
1972.
460-1,
479
,
511
,
557

as Vice President,
255
,
257
,
313
; urges A-bomb at Dien Bien Phu,
255
,
342
,
465
; urges invasion of Cuba,
331

vice-presidential candidacy,
250
,
252

and Watergate,
500-14
,
593
; impeachment,
503
,
506-7
,
511
; pardon,
498
,
513-14
,
522
,
558
(see also
Watergate affair)

Nobel Prizes,
541
,
572
,
643

Noble, David F.,
264
,
551

Noble, Robert,
604

Nol, Lon,
424

nonviolence,
396
,
421
,
536

in civil rights movement,
352
,
357
,
363
,
364
,
366-8
,
383
,
400
; abandoned,
386
,
388
,
398
,
400

see also
civil disobedience

Normandy, 1944

invasion of,
200-1

Norris, George W.,
14
,
26
,
61
,
73
,
91
,
190-1

North:

black migration to,
315
,
385

civil rights battle in,
384
,
385-6
,
388
,
397-401

race riots,
397-8
,
400

North Africa, World War II in,
180
,
196-7

Allied invasion of 1943,
178
,
181

North Korea,
240-2

see also
Korean War

North Vietnam,
402-6
,
410-11
,
418-19
,
422-5
,
472
,
475
,
479-84
,
488
,
489
,
493-4
,
642

China and,
405
,
472
,
476
,
529

Norway, Nazi invasion of,
161

NSC-68 memorandum,
222

nuclear submarines,
264
,
268
,
391
,
478

nuclear war danger,
256
,
486-7

Prevention Agreement, 1973,
485-6

nuclear weapons,
222
,
239-40
,
256-7
,
264
,
391
,
477-8

China in possession of,
485

Reagan on,
643

Test Ban Treaty (1963),
390
,
392

US superiority,
259
,
264
,
265
,
333-4

US-USSR parity,
527

see also
arms control; arms race; atom bomb; hydrogen bomb

Nye, Gerald P.,
33
,
155

occupational safety and health,
466

Ochs, Phil,
428

O’Connell, William, Cardinal,
58

O’Connor, John,
111
,
118

O’Daniel, “Pappy,”
319

Odets, Clifford,
146

Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO),
566

Office of Facts and Figures,
193

Office of Price Administration,
556
,
562

Office of War Information (OWI),
193-4

off our backs
(newspaper),
447

Oglesby, Carl,
421

oil,
255
,
319
,
329
,
330-1
,
574-5
,
644

prices,
558
,
574
,
641

Okies,
49
,
141-3

Okinawa,
206
,
211
,
224
,
675

Okun, Arthur,
561

Oldenburg, Claes,
621

Oliphant, Herman,
102

Olivier, Laurence,
285

Olson, Culbert L.,
604

Olson, Floyd,
48
,
68

Omaha Action,
391

O’Mahoney, Joseph,
94

Omnibus Housing Act (1965),
389

O’Neill, Eugene,
624

O’Neill, Thomas P. “Tip,”
559
,
640

O’Neill, William L.,
431

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries),
558
,
574

“Open Skies” proposal,
257

Oppenheim, Dennis,
623

Oppenheimer, J. Robert,
269
,
270
,
288-9
,
290
,
549

Organization of Afro-American Unity,
386

Ormandy, Eugene,
484

Orwell, George,
418

Oshinsky, David,
251

Our Bodies, Ourselves
(handbook),
447

Oz, Amos,
618
,
619
,
620

Ozick, Cynthia,
619

Pacem in Terris
(encyclical),
536

Pacific Ocean:

US bases in,
264-5

war danger in,
168
,
170-1
,
172-4

war in,
174-80
,
196
,
198
,
201-2
,
206
,
207
,
224-5
; island hopping,
201
,
206
,
211

pacifists,
536

1930s,
154
,
156

postwar,
234-5
,
391-2
,
408
,
545-6

Paine, Thomas,
296
,
634

Pakistan,
265
,
340
,
471

Palestine Liberation Organization,
592

Palestinians,
525

Paley, Grace,
618

Panama,
330

Panama Canal Treaty,
524-5
,
526-7

Paris:

American writers celebrated in,
297-8

summit plan aborted (1960),
261-2

Vietnam peace talks,
481-4

Parks, Rosa,
348-9
,
351-2
,
375

Parsons, Talcott,
67

Parsons, Louella,
606-7

Partisan Review
(journal),
409

party system,
116-18
,
125-6
,
491
,
646-7
,
655-7

four-party actuality within,
119
,
126
,
236
; and civil rights legislation,
321-2
,
376-8

overlapping of interests and groups,
119
,
126
,
320
,
376

party shifts and reconstitution,
656-7

reform proposals,
648-9
,
650

see also
third parties

Pasadena school desegregation case,
653

“Pastoral Letter on Catholic Social Teachings and the U.S. Economy,”
537-8
,
668-9

Patterson, James,
109

Patterson, John,
362

Patterson, Robert “Tut,”
354

Patton, Gen. George,
216

Paul VI, Pope,
484

Pauling, Linus,
392
,
543

Pavese, Cesare,
298

Peace Corps,
390

peaceful coexistence,
260

peace movement,
391-2
,
401
,
418
,
443
,
460
,
536
,
659

self-immolations,
408

sexism protested in,
442
,
443

see also
anti-nuclear movement; anti-Vietnam War movement Peale, Norman Vincent,
326

Pearl Harbor,
174-6
,
177
,
179
,
192
,
304
,
338

Peck, Jim,
361

Peck, George N.,
154

Pegler, Westbrook,
123

Peirce, Charles,
125
,
658

Peirce, Neal,
318
,
558

Pells, Richard,
278

PEN International Congress (1986),
617-20

Penn Central Railroad,
555

Pentagon Papers,
425-6

Pepper, Claude,
106

Percy, Walker,
615

Perkins, Frances,
23
,
28
,
29
,
31
,
34
,
83
,
101
,
102
,
112
,
114
,
130
,
434
,
593

and strikes,
47
,
99

Perón, Juan and Evita,
328

Pershing, Gen. John Joseph,
543

Persian Gulf,
644

Peru,
329
,
330

Pélain, Henri Philippe,
163

Peter, Paul and Mary (rock group),
428

Phantom Public, The
(Lippmann),
289

Philippines,
265

World War II: US loss of,
176-7
,
178
; US recapture of,
202
,
206

Phillips, Clarence,
520

Phillips, Kevin,
637

Phillips, William,
154

physics,
268
,
541
,
544-7
,
549
,
553

Pickering, William,
578

Piehl, Mel,
536

Pioneer planetary probes,
582

Pittman, Key,
36
,
158

Planned Parenthood-World Population,
448

planning, comprehensive national and regional,
130-1
,
214-15

social, Dewey on,
121

TVA as example of,
131
,
316-17

see also
economic planning

plea bargaining,
517-18
,
519

Plessy
v.
Ferguson
,
314
,
322

“Plumbers” operation,
499
,
504

PM
(newspaper),
283

Podell, Janet,
610

Podgorny, Nikolai,
477

Poland,
149
,
151
,
217
,
404

Nazi and Soviet invasion of,
159
,
160

postwar,
206
,
223
,
224
,
257-8
,
476
; Solidarity,
644
; Soviet domination,
210-11
,
221
,
226
,
229
; Yalta discussions on,
206-7
,
208
,
211

Polenberg, Richard,
193

Pollock, Jackson,
621

Poor, Henry Varnum,
133

population increase, global,
304
,
329

populism,
63
,
655

conservative,
626
,
627-8
,
629