American Experiment (259 page)

[Nature of party cleavages]:
James L. Sundquist,
Dynamics of the Party System
(Brookings Institution, 1973), quoted at pp. 93–94.

206
[Factional stability]:
PolakofF,
op. cit.,
p. 321.

[Republican party subdivisions]:
David Donald,
The Politics of Reconstruction
(Louisiana State University Press, 1965), p. 76.

[Continuing Ohio Republican leadership]:
Joseph B. Foraker Papers, Library of Congress, Container 1.

[George A. Myers]:
George A. Myers Papers, Ohio Historical Society; John A. Garraty, ed.,
The Barber and the Historian: The Correspondence of George A. Myers and James Ford Rhodes, 1910–1923
(Ohio Historical Society, 1956); Felix James, “The Civic and Political Career of George A. Myers,”
Journal of Negro History,
vol. 58, no. 2 (April 1973), pp. 166–78.

207
[The Liberal Republicans]:
John G. Sproat,
“The Best Men”
(Oxford University Press, 1968), quoted at p. 81.

208
[Greenback party]:
Paul Kleppner, “The Greenback and Prohibition Parties,” in Schlesinger,
op. cit.,
vol. 2, pp. 1549–1697; Sundquist, pp. 98–101, and state studies cited therein; Irwin Unger,
The Greenback Era
(Princeton University Press, 1964).

[Third parties]:
Murray S. Stedman, Jr., and Susan W. Stedman,
Discontent at the Polls
(Columbia University Press, 1950); Steven J. Rosenstone, Roy L. Behr, Edward H. Lazarus,
Third Parties in America
(Princeton University Press, 1984), ch. 3.

208
[Woman suffragist movement, post-Civil War]:
Eleanor Flexner,
Century of Struggle
(Harvard University Press, 1975). esp. ch. 10; Edith Hoshino Altbach,
Women in America
(D. C. Heath, 1974); Aptheker, ch. 2.

[Stanton on blacks and foreigners]:
quoted in Flexner, p. 147.

208–9
[Douglass on blacks’ and women’s rights]: ibid.

209
[Patrons of Husbandry]:
Solon Justus Buck,
The Granger Movement, 1870–1880
(Harvard University Press, 1913); D. Sven Nordin,
Rich Harvest: A History of the Grange, 1867–1900
(University Press of Mississippi, 1974).

210
[Party continuity]:
party histories cited above; also Horatio Seymour Papers, New York Historical Society.

[Presidential election of 1884]:
Mark D. Hirsch, “Election of 1884,” in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., ed.,
History of American Presidential Elections
(Chelsea House, 197:), vol. 2, pp. 1561–1611; Allan Nevins,
Grover Cleveland
(Dodd, Mead, 1932), ch. 11.

[Campaign taunts]:
quoted in Nevins, p. 177.

211
[Pastor on “Rum, Romanism and Rebellion”]:
quoted in Hirsch in Schlesinger,
Elections,
vol.2, p. 1578.

[“Royal Feast”]:
October 30, 1884, reprinted in
ibid.,
pp. 1604–5.

[Washington in the 1880s]:
Frank C. Carpenter,
Carp’s Washington
(McGraw-Hill, 1960), quoted at pp. 8–9; see also Charles Hurd,
Washington Cavalcade
(E. P. Dutton, 1948), pp. 127–43; Constance M. Green,
Washington: Capital City 1879–1950
(Princeton University Press, 1963), chs. 2–6; David L. Lewis,
District of Columbia
(W. W. Norton, 1976),
passim.

[“City of rest and peace”]:
S. Reynolds Hole, quoted in Green, p. 77.

[Grigsby on comfort in Post Office]: ibid.

212
[Pennsylvania Railroad vs. Pennsylvania Avenue]: ibid.,
pp. 52–53; Hurd, p. 127.

[Tariff controversy]:
Tom E. Terrill,
The Tariff, Politics, and American Foreign Policy, 1874–1901
(Greenwood Press, 1973); Morton Keller,
Affairs of State
(Belknap Press, 1977), esp. ch. 12; John A. Garraty,
The New Commonwealth
(Harper & Row, 1968),
passim.

[Newspapers and tariffs]:
Terrill, p. 35.

213
[Terrill on tariff politics]: ibid.,
p. 10.

[Cleveland on tariff reduction]:
“President’s Annual Message,” December 6, 1887,
Congressional Record,
50th Congress, 1st session (Government Printing Office, 1888), vol. 19, part 1, pp. 9–11, quoted at p. 11.

[Currency legislation]:
Margaret G. Myers,
A Financial History of the United States
(Columbia University Press, 1970), ch. 9; Don C. Barrett,
The Greenbacks and Resumption of Specie Payments, 1862–1879
(Harvard University Press, 1931); Clarence A. Stern,
Golden Republicanism
(Edwards Bros., 1970); Frank W. Taussig,
The Silver Situation in the United States
(Putnam’s, 1893); Allen Weinstein,
Prelude to Populism: Origins of the Silver Issue, 1867–1878
(Yale University Press, 1970).

[Diffusion of interests on silver issue]:
Robert P. Sharkey, “Money, Class, and Party: An Economic Study of Civil War and Reconstruction,”
The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science
(Johns Hopkins Press, 1959), series 77, no. 2, pp. 286, 301; Robert Wiebe,
The Search for Order, 1877–1920
(Hill and Wang, 1967), pp. 13, 21, 300; Stanley Coben, “Northeastern Business and Radical Reconstruction: A Re-examination,”
Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
vol. 46, no. 1 (June 1959), pp. 67–90.

214
[Government of maneuver and drift]:
Wiebe, pp. 35, 43.

[Railroad policy]:
Thomas C. Cochran,
Railroad Leaders, 1845–1890
(Harvard University Press, 1953), ch. 14; Keller, pp. 422–30; see also Gabriel Kolko,
Railroads and Regulation 1877–1916
(Princeton University Press, 1965), chs. 1–3; Robert W. Harbeson, “Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916: Conspiracy or Public Interest?,
” Journal of Economic History,
vol. 27, no. 2 (June 1967), pp. 230–42; Albro Martin, “The Troubled Subject of Railroad Regulation in the Gilded Age—A Reappraisal,
” Journal of American History,
vol. 61, no. 2 (September 1974), pp. 339–71.

215
[Failure of slate and federal supervision]:
Keller, p. 430.

215
[The Big Four]:
Leland Stanford Correspondence, Stanford University Archives; Collis P. Huntington Papers, Bancroft Library; Huntington-Mark Hopkins Correspondence, Stanford Archives; Norman E. Tutorow,
Leland Stanford: Man of Many Careers
(Pacific Coast Publishers, 1971), esp. pp. 70–75.

[Stanford on “question of might”]:
quoted in Stuart Daggett, “Leland Stanford,” in Dumas Malone. ed.,
Dictionary of American Biography
(Scribner’s, 1935), vol. 17, p. 504.

[“Battle” for the mountain passes]:
Stewart H. Holbrook,
The Age of the Moguls
(Doubleday, 1953), p. 123.

215–16
[Huntington’s comments and instructions]:
NewYork
Sun,
December 29 and 30, 1883, from letters dated January 17, 1876; November 9, 1877; February 28, 1878 (the letters were from court records of a suit against Huntington).

216
[Lord Bryce on combination]:
James Bryce,
The American Commonwealth,
rev. ed. (Macmillan, 1921), vol. 2, pp. 591–92.

[Background and passage of Sherman Antitrust Act]:
Hans B. Thorelli,
The Federal Antitrust Policy
(Johns Hopkins Press, 1955); Keller, pp. 436–37.

[Antitrust Act]:
quoted in Thorelli, p. 610.

217
[Attacking the surplus]:
James R. Tanner, quoted in Richard B. Morris, ed.,
Encyclopedia of American History
(Harper & Bros., 1961), p. 261.

[Indian policy]:
Loring B. Priest,
Uncle Sam’s Stepchildren
(Rutgers University Press, 1942); Henry E. Fritz,
The Movement for Indian Assimilation, 1860–1890
(University of Pennsylvania Press, 1963); Grant Foreman,
The Last Trek of the Indians
(University of Chicago Press, 1946), part 2; Katherine C. Turner,
Red Men Calling on the Great White Father
(University of Oklahoma Press, 1951), chs. 9–12; Richard H. Pratt,
Battlefield and Classroom,
Robert M. Utley, ed. (Yale University Press, 1964); Sean D. Cashman,
America in the Gilded Age
(New York University Press, 1984), ch. 8.

[Church officials and Indians]:
Priest, esp. ch. 3.

[Congressional debate on Indians]:
Wiebe, p. 11.

218
[Indian wars]:
Robert M. Utley,
Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866–1890
(Macmillan, 1973); Robert Leckie,
The Wars of America
(Harper & Row, 1968), pp. 534–38.

[Sitting Bull]:
Utley,
Frontier Regulars,
p. 236.

219
[“A match for any man”]:
General George Crook, quoted in
ibid.,
p. 72.

[Life of frontier regulars]: ibid.,
ch. 6, self-description quoted at p. 80.

219–20
[U.S. foreign policy, 1865–1877]:
Bailey,
Diplomatic History, op. cit.,
chs. 24–26; McFeely,
op. cit.,
ch. 21.

220 [New interest inforeign affairs]:
Robert Beisner,
From the Old Diplomacy to the New, 1865–1900
(Thomas Y. Crowell, 1975); Walter LaFeber,
The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860–1898
(Cornell University Press, 1963); Milton Plesur,
America’s Outward Thrust: Approaches to Foreign Affairs, 1865–1890
(Northern Illinois University Press, 1971).

[Grant’s world tour]:
McFeely, ch. 26.

221
[Americans abroad]:
Plesur,
passim:
Foster Rhea Dulles,
Americans Abroad
(University of Michigan Press, 1964), chs. 8–10.

[James on tourists]:
quoted in Dulles, p. 111.

222
[Economic expansion and foreign affairs]:
Plesur, pp. 28ff.

[“Th’ hand that rules th’ wurruld”]:
quoted in
ibid.,
p. 31.

[Foreign service a “humbug and a sham”]:
quoted in Leckie, p. 539.

[Developments m naval policy]:
Walter R. Herrick, Jr.,
The American Naval Revolution
(Louisiana State University Press, 1966); Ronald Spector,
Admiral of the New Empire: The Life and Career of George Dewey
(Louisiana State University Press, 1974), pp. 21–32; see also Hyman G. Rickover,
How the Battleship
Maine
Was Destroyed
(Department of the Navy, 1976), pp. 1–3, 18–21.

223
[Arthur on need to rebuild navy]:
quoted in Herrick, p. 25.

[Carnegie on
Triumphant Democracy]: quoted in Keller,
op. cit.,
p. 440.

224
[Condition of labor, 1892]:
John R. Commons et al.,
History of Labour in the United States
(Macmillan, 1918–35), vol. 2, part 6, ch. 13; Walter A. Wyckoff,
The Workers, An Experiment in Reality The West
(Scribner’s, 1899),
passim.

224
[Fears of class warfare]:
H. Wayne Morgan,
From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877–1896
(Syracuse University Press, 1969), p. 441 and note.

[Populists and blacks]:
Robert Saunders, “Southern Populists and the Negro, 1893–1895.”
Journal of Negro History,
vol. 54, no. 3 (July 1969), pp. 240–61.

[Fraud
in
Watson elections]:
C. Vann Woodward,
Tom Watson, Agrarian Rebel
(Macmillan, 1938), pp. 270–77.

[Homestead strike]:
Joseph F. Wall,
Andrew Carnegie
(Oxford University Press, 1970), ch 16; see also Andrew Carnegie,
Autobiography
(Houghton Mifflin. 1948), ch. 17.

[Frick]:
George Harvey,
Henry Clay Frick: The Man
(Scribner’s, 1928),
passim;
Wall, pp. 478–536.

225
[Carnegie’s and Frick’s attitudes toward unions]:
Wall, p. 544.

[Berkman’s attack upon Frick]:
Harvey, pp. 136–40.

[Press revilement of Carnegie following Homestead]:
Wall, pp. 571–73.

[St. Louis
Post-Dispatch
contrasting Fnck and Camegie]:
quoted in
ibid.,
p. 573.

225–6
[Frick’s intransigence]:
Harvey, ch. 11, quoted at p. 151; Wall, pp. 566–69.

226
[Carnegie on Cleveland’s victory]:
Carnegie to Frick, November 9, 1892, quoted in Harvey, p. 157.

[Cleveland’s rejection of “paternalism”]:
Inaugural Address, March 4, 1893, reprinted in
Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States
(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1974), quoted at p. 165.

[Depression of the nineties]:
Charles Hoffman,
The Depression of the Nineties: An Economic History
(Greenwood Publishing, 1970), esp. ch. 2 and appendix to ch. 2; Morris,
Encyclopedia of American History, op. cit.,
p. 539; see also Rendig Fels,
American Business Cycles, 1865–1897
(University of North Carolina Press, 1959), chs. 10–12.

[Cleveland’s response to the crisis]:
Allan Nevins,
Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage
(Dodd, Mead, 1932), chs. 29, 31; Morgan, pp. 451–65, 473–76.

[Living petition]:
Resolution of Oak Valley Alliance, Nebraska, May 5, 1894, quoted in Norman Pollack,
The Populist Response to Industrial America
(W. W. Norton, 1966), p. 50.

[
“Petition in boots “]:
Donald L. McMurry, “Jacob Sechler Coxey,” in John A. Garraty, ed.,
Encyclopedia of American Biography
(Harper & Row, 1974), p. 235.

[Coxey and Coxey’s army]:
Norman Pollack, ed.,
The Populist Mind
(Bobbs-Merrill, 1967), pp. 342–47; George P. Tindall.ed.,
A Populist Reader
(Harper & Row, 1966), pp. 160–65; Elizabeth Barr, “ The Populist Uprising,” in William E. Connelley,
History of Kansas: State and People
(American Historical Society, 1928), vol. 2, pp. 1199–1200; Pollack,
Populist Response,
pp. 48–52; McMurry in Garraty, pp. 234–35.