Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape (99 page)

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SOURCE NOTES
I
431

"The conspiracy has made potent use of the spurious charge": We Charge Genocide, p. 149.

"Why did she change her story": Mel Fiske, "The Story of the Mar tinsville Frameup,"
Daily
Worker, Feb. 4 and 5, 1951.

And then there was Willie McGee: To retell the McGee case
I
have drawn on the following sources: Carl T. Rowan, South
of
Freedom, New York: Knopf, 1952, pp. 174-192; New York
Times,
May
8,

1951,f. 1;
Time,
May 14, 1951, p. 26;
Life,
May 21, 1951, p. 44; and

severa articles that appeared in the
Daily
Worker from March to May, 1951. Individual citations follow.

No white man had ever been executed for rape in Mississippi:
Time,

May 14, 1951, p. 26;
Life,
May 21, 1951, p. 44.

Her husband was no drunken intruder:
Dail y
Worker, Mar. 12,

1951,
p.
4.

"Down South you tell a woman like that":
Ibid .

". . . she'll say she was raped":
Ibid.

The Worker called Willametta Hawkins a Potiphar's wife, etc.:

Daily
Worker, Mar. 15, i951, p. 6.

"I've always been skeptical":
Daily
Worker, Mar. i9, i951, p. 2. ". . . almost impossible to rape a woman":
Ibid .

". . . known to the entire community":
Daily
Worker, Mar. 27,

i951,
p.
1.

". . . it was Mrs. Hawkins who raped my husband": Daily Worker, Apr. 25, 1951,
p.
i.

among those who watched: Rowan, p. 190; New York Times, May 8, 1951,
p.
1.

"Willie McGee was murdered because the white woman":
Daily

Worker, May 9, 1951, p.
i.

"something very unfortunate happened to Willie":
Life,
May 21, 195
1
,
P·
44·

"He was never in the Armed Services":
Ibid .

". . .- utterly no evidence of such a relationship":
Time,
May 14, 1951,
p.
26.

Footnote, One exception: The
Nation,
May 5, 1951, p. 421.

That year Carl Rowan: Rowan, pp. 174-192.

As a teen-ager in McMinnville: Rowan, pp. 32-33.

to Congresswoman Bella Abzug: Author's interview with Bella Abzug, New York City, Dec. 27, 1973. All of Abzug's remarks were obtained during this interview.

the "wolf-whistle" murder of Emmett Till: To retell the story of Emmett Till
I
have drawn on the following sources: Carl T. Rowan, Go
South
to Sorrow, New York: Random House, 1957, pp. 38-56; "Emmett Till's Day in Court,"
Life,
Oct. 3, 1955; William Bradford Huie, "The Shocking Story of Approved Killing in Mississippi," Look, Jan. 24, 1956; William Bradford Huie, "What's Haf pened to the Emmett Till Killers?" Look, Jan. 22, 1957. lndividua citations follow.

"While the Delta Negroes peered, in delicious awe": Huie, Look, Jan. 22, 1957, p. 63.

women were excluded by law from Mississippi juries until 1968: By telephone from Mary Libby Payne, Assistant Attorney General, Jackson, Miss., Sept. 10, 1974.

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a courtroom tableau: Life, Oct. 3, 1955, pp. 36-37.

Mack Charles Parker:
Life,
May
4,
1959, p.
44; Look,
Jan. 19, 1960,

r.·
82.

'He showed me the white gal's picture!": Huie, Look, Jan. 22, 1957,

r.·
63.

'While looking at the picture": Eldridge Cleaver, Soul on Ice, New

York: Dell-Delta/ Ramparts, 1968, p. 11.

". . . against white women in particular":
Ibid.
". . . as a matter of principle": Cleaver, p. 13. "I became a rapist": Cleaver, p. 14.

"Come up, black dada nihilismus": Ibid.

". . . the funky facts of life": Cleaver, p. 15.

"I am well aware": Calvin C. Hernton,
Sex
and Racism in America, New York: Grove Press, 1966, pp. 67-68.

"Any oppressed group": Hernton, p. 79.

". . . to comply with the white woman's fantasies": Hernton, p. 45. "Whoever says rape says Negro": Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks ( 1952) , trans. from the French by Charles Lam Markmann, New York: Grove Press, 1967, p. 166.

"When a woman lives the fantasy of rape": Fanon, p. 179. ". . . fear of rape . . . cry out for rape": Fanon, p. 156. ". . . I know nothing about her": Fanon, pp. 179-180.

Footnote, "Impotence in an Algerian following the rape of his wife": Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth ( 196i), trans. from the French by Constance Farrington, New York: Grove Press, 1968, pp. 254-259.

". . . practicing on black girls in the ghetto": Cleaver, p. 14.

". . . when I considered myself smooth enough": Ibid. "Rape was an insurrectionary act": Ibid.

". . . lost my self-respect": Cleaver, p. 15.

". . . a combination of business and pleasure": Cleaver interview in Playboy, December 1968, as quoted in John M. MacDonald, Rape Offenders and Their
Victims,
Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1971,

P.i?tkes a certain boldness": Geismar intro to Cleaver, p. xii.

"Aren't any black people guilty": Tad Szulc, "George Jackson Radi calizes the Brothers in Soledad and San Quentin," New York Times Magazine, Aug. 1, 1971, p. 10.

"like a carrot on a stick": Cleaver, p. 1o.

Boston and Washington study: Sandra Sutherland and Donald
J.

Scherl, "Patterns of Response Among Victims of Rape," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Apr. 1970), pp. 503—

511.

"I just cant' throw off history": New York Post, June 8, 1973, p. 39. "Locking up individual rapists": Sister, Vol. 4, No. 12 (Mar. 1974),

P·
3·

fight against capital punishment: When the U.S. Supreme Court

overturned the death penalty on June 29, 1972, on the grounds of "cruel and unusual" punishment, two of the three cases under review (Jackson
v.
Georgia, Branch
v.
Texas) were cases of black men sentenced to death for raping white women. Furman
v.
Georgia, the case that topped the list, concerned a robbery-murder. ( Information

SOURCE NOTES
I
433

from Jack Himmelstein, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. See also New York Times, June 30, 1972, pp.
1,
14.)

". . . cowboy-and-Indian movies": Paul L. Montgomery, "New Drive on to Make Rape Convictions Easier," New York Times,

Nov. 13, 1973, P· 47·

8.
POWER: INSTITUTION AND AUTHORITY PRISON RAPE: THE HOMOSEXUAL EXPERIENCE

( 2
58) homosexuals segregated in . New York prison for their own protec

tion: Ted Morgan, "Entombed," New York
Times
Magazine, Feb. 17, 1974, P· 19.

( 258) Robert A. Martin press conference: Jared Stout, "Quaker Tells of

Rape in D.C. Jail," Washington Star-News, Aug. 25, 1973; David L. Aiken, "Ex-Sailor Charges Jail Rape, Stirs Up Storm,"
The
Advocate ("Newspaper of America's Homophile Community") , Sept. 26, 1973,
P·
5·

( 260) Nine inmates at Sumter: Reuter file, June 9, 1973·

( 260) Two inmates at Raiford: "Florida's Rape Law Held No Protection for Males," New York
Times,
Jan. 13, 1974.

( 260 ) county judge in upstate New York: "Judge Releases a Homosexual Rather Than Send Him to Attica," New York
Times,
Nov. 13, 1972.

( 260) Two bright young Nixon aides: "Panel Offers Dean Limited Im munity," New York Daily News, May 9, 1973, p. 2; Edward B. Fiske, "Trying to Explain to a Young Son Why His Father Must Go to Jail" New York Times, Feb. 4, 1974, p. 2 5 ( Egil Krogh ) .

( 260) straightforward account of the hierarchic sex code: Haywood Patter son and Earl Conrad, Scottsboro
Boy,
New York: Doubleday, 1950, pp. 79-85.

( 26i ) "a raped child": Jean-Paul Sartre, Saint Genet, trans. from the French by Bernard Frechtman, New York: Braziller, 1963, p. 79.