After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam (29 page)

Denise A. Spellberg’s
Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past: The Legacy of Aisha bint Abu Bakr
(New York: Columbia University Press,
1994) provides a detailed exploration of the multiple ways in which Aisha has been perceived and interpreted over the centuries, both positively and negatively.

The following is a select bibliography of additional books that have been particularly helpful in both specific details and general background:

Ahmed, Leila.
Women and Gender in Islam.
New Haven: Yale University Press,1992.

Ajami, Fouad.
The Vanished Imam: Musa al Sadr and the Shia of Lebanon.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press,1986.

Ajami, Fouad.
The Foreigner’s Gift: The Americans, the Arabs, and the Iraqis in Iraq.
New York: Free Press,2006.

Akhavi, Shahrough. “Shariati’s Social Thought.” In
Religion and Politics in Iran
, ed. Nikki Keddie. New Haven: Yale University Press,1983.

Al-e Ahmad, Jalal.
Occidentosis: A Plague from the West
, tr. R. Campbell from the 1962 Farsi
Gharbzadegi.
Berkeley: Mizan Press,1984.

Allen, Charles.
God’s Terrorists: The Wahhabi Cult and the Hidden Roots of Modern Jihad.
Cambridge: Da Capo,2006.

Al-Mufid, Shaykh.
The Book of Guidance into the Lives of the Twelve Imams
, tr. I. K. A. Howard of
Kitab al-Irshad.
London: Muhammadi Trust,1981.

Arjomand, Said Amir.
The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam: Religion, Political Order and Societal Change in Shi’ite Iran from the Beginning to 1890.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1984.

Aslan, Reza.
No God but God: The Origins, E Volution, and Future of Islam.
New York: Random House,2005.

Ayoub, Mahmoud.
Redemptive Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura.
The Hague: Mouton,1978.

Beeman, William O. “Images of the Great Satan: Representations of the United States in the Iranian Re Volution.” In
Religion and Politics in Iran
, ed. Nikki Keddie. New Haven: Yale University Press,1983.

Berkey, Jonathan P.
The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2003.

Cockburn, Patrick.
Muqtada: Muqtada al-Sadr, the Shia Revival, and the Struggle for Iraq.
New York: Scribner,2008.

Cole, Juan.
Sacred Space and Holy War: The Politics, Culture and History of Shi’ite Islam.
London: I. B. Tauris,2002.

Cole, Juan. Ongoing informed commentary on Middle Eastern politics at
www.juancole.com.

Cole, Juan, and Nikki Keddie, eds.
Shi’ism and Social Protest.
New Haven: Yale University Press,1986.

Cook, David.
Understanding Jihad.
Berkeley: University of California Press,2005.

Crone, Patricia, and Martin Hinds.
God’s Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1986.

Dodge, Toby.
Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation Building and a History Denied.
New York: Columbia University Press,2003.

Enayat, Hamid.
Modern Islamic Political Thought.
London: I. B. Tauris,2005.

Flaskerud, Ingvild.
Standard-Bearers of Hussein: Women Commemorating Karbala.
DVD for academic and research distribution only. [email protected], University of Tromsö,2003.

Geertz, Clifford.
Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1968.

Geertz, Clifford.
The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays.
New York: Basic Books,1973.

Grant, Christina Phelps.
The Syrian Desert: Caravans, Travel and Exploration.
London: A. and C. Black,1937.

Halm, Heinz.
Shi’a Islam: From Religion to Re Volution.
Princeton: Markus Wiener,1997.

Heck, Gene W. “Arabia Without Spices.”
In Journal of the American Oriental Society
, Vol. 123. 2003.

Hegland, Mary. “Two Images of Husain: Accommodation and Re Volution in an Iranian Village.” In
Religion and Politics in Iran
, ed. Nikki Keddie. New Haven: Yale University Press,1983.

Hjarpe, Jan. “The Ta’ziya Ecstasy as Political Expression.” In
Religious Ecstasy
, ed. Nils G. Holm. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell,1982.

Hourani, Albert.
A History of the Arab Peoples.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1991.

Humphreys, R. Stephen.
Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry.
Minneapolis: Biblioteca Islamica,1988.

Humphreys, R. Stephen.
Mu’awiya ibn Abu Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire.
Oxford: One World,2006.

Kennedy, Hugh.
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century.
London: Longman,1986.

Kennedy, Hugh.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In.
Cambridge: Da Capo,2008.

Kenney, Jeffrey T.
Muslim Rebels: Kharijites and the Politics of Extremism in Egypt.
Oxford: Oxford University Press,2006.

Khomeini, Ruhollah.
Islam and Re Volution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini
, tr. Hamid Algar. Berkeley: Mizan Press,1981.

Kurzman, Charles.
The Unthinkable Re Volution in Iran.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press,2004.

Lammens, Henri. “Fatima and the Daughters of Muhammad.” In
The Quest for the Historical Muhammad
, ed. Ibn Warraq. Amherst: Prometheus Books,2000.

Levey, Martin.
Early Arabic Pharmacology.
Leiden: E. J. Brill,1973.

Levey, Martin.
Medieval Arabic Toxicology: The “Book on Poisons” of Ibn Wahshiya and Its Relation to Early Indian and Greek Texts.
Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society,1966.

Lewis, David Levering.
God’s Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe.
New York: Norton,2008.

Mernissi, Fatima.
The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women’s Rights in Islam.
New York: Basic Books,1991.

Mernissi, Fatima.
The Forgotten Queen of Islam.
Oxford: Oxford University Press,1993.

Moin, Baqer.
Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah.
New York: Thomas Dunne,1999.

Morony, Michael G.
Iraq After the Muslim Conquest.
Princeton: Princeton University Press,1984.

Motahhary, Morteza.
The Martyr.
Houston: Free Islamic Literatures,1980.

Mottahedeh, Roy.
The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran.
Oxford: One World,1985.

Musil, Alois.
The Middle Euphrates: A Topographical Itinerary.
New York: American Geographical Society,1927.

Musil, Alois.
The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins.
New York: American Geographical Society,1928.

Nakash, Yitzhak.
Reaching for Power: The Shi’a in the Modern Arab World.
Princeton: Princeton University Press,2006.

Nakash, Yitzhak.
The Shi’is of Iraq.
Princeton: Princeton University Press,1994.

Packer, George.
The Assassins’ Gate.
New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux,2005.

Pelly, Lewis.
The Miracle Play of Hasan and Hussein, Collected from Oral Tradition.
London: W. H. Allen,1879.

Qutb, Sayyid.
Milestones [Ma’alim f’il-Tariq
, 1964]. Karachi: International Islamic Publishers,1981.

Rahnema, Ali.
An Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shariati.
London: I. B. Tauris,1998.

Richard, Yann.
Shi’ite Islam: Polity, Ideology, and Creed.
Oxford: Blackwell,1995.

Robinson, Chase F.
Islamic Historiography.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2003.

Rodinson, Maxime.
Muhammad.
New York: Pantheon,1971.

Rogerson, Barnaby.
The Heirs of the Prophet Muhammad.
London: Little, Brown,2006.

Rosen, Nir.
In the Belly of the Green Bird: The Triumph of the Martyrs in Iraq.
New York: Free Press,2006.

Ruthven, Malise.
Islam in the World.
Oxford: Oxford University Press,2000.

Sachedina, Adulaziz Abdulhussein.
Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shiism.
Albany: State University of New York Press,1981.

Shadid, Anthony.
Night Draws Near: Iraq’s People in the Shadow of America’s War.
New York: Henry Holt,2005.

Stark, Freya.
Baghdad Sketches.
New York: Dutton,1938.

Stark, Freya.
East Is West.
London: John Murray,1945.

Taheri, Amir.
The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Re Volution.
Bethesda: Adler and Adler,1986.

Taheri, Amir.
Holy Terror: The Inside Story of Islamic Terrorism.
London: Hutchinson,1987.

Thaiss, Gustav. “Religious Symbolism and Social Change: The Drama of Hussein.” In
Scholars, Saints, and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institutions in the Middle East Since 1500
, ed. Nikki Keddie. Berkeley: University of California Press,1972.

Thaiss, Gustav. “Unity and Discord: The Symbol of Husayn in Iran.” In
Iranian Civilization and Culture
, ed. Charles J. Adams. Montreal: McGill University Institute of Islamic Studies,1972.

Watt, W. Montgomery.
Muhammad at Mecca.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

Watt, W. Montgomery.
Muhammad at Medina.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956.

Watt, W. Montgomery. “The Significance of the Early Stages of Imami Shi’ism.” In
Religion and Politics in Iran
, ed. Nikki Keddie. New Haven: Yale University Press,1983.

Young, Gavin.
Iraq: Land of Two Rivers.
London: Collins,1980.

Zakaria, Rafiq.
The Struggle Within Islam: The Conflict Between Religion and Politics.
London: Penguin,1988.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

British-born Lesley Hazleton is a psychologist and veteran Middle East journalist whose work has appeared in the
New York Times, Esquire, Vanity Fair, Harper’s, The Nation, New Republic, New York Review of Books
, and other publications. The author of several acclaimed books on Middle East politics, religion, and history, including
Jerusalem, Jerusalem
and
Mary: A Flesh-and-Blood Biography of the Virgin Mother
, she now lives in Seattle, Washington. For more information, visit this book’s Web site,
www.AfterTheProphet.com
.

Copyright © 2009 by Lesley Hazleton All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto.

www.doubleday.com

DOUBLEDAY and the DD colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hazleton, Lesley, 1945– After the prophet : the epic story of the Shia-Sunni split in Islam /
Lesley Hazleton. —1st ed.
p. cm.
1. Islam—History. 2. Caliphate—History. 3. Muhammad, Prophet,
d. 632—Death and burial. 4. ’A’ishah, ca. 614–678. 5. ’Ali ibn Abi Talib,
Caliph, 600 (ca.)–661. 6. Shi’ah—Relations—Sunnites.
7. Sunnites—Relations—Shi’ah. I. Title.
BP55H42 2009
297.8′04209—dc22 2009006498

eISBN: 978-0-38553209-9

v3.0