A World at Arms (240 page)
Authors: Gerhard L. Weinberg
Tags: #History, #Military, #World War II, #World, #20th Century
Egypt,
209
,
210
,
211
,
218
,
223
,
232
–
33
,
349
f,
360
–
62
,
431
–
433
2
,
504
,
907
Eichelberger, Robert,
844
,
864
,
918
Eindhoven,
701
Einsatzgruppen,
192
Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
330
–
31
,
432
,
436
,
445
,
591
,
592
,
593
,
595
,
599
,
627
,
629
,
631
,
660
,
663
,
678
,
682ff
,
690
,
692
,
694
,
695
,
698
,
699
,
701
,
725
,
766
,
768
,
778
,
810
,
811
,
813
,
814
,
816
,
817
,
819
,
821
,
822
,
827
,
834
,
837
,
918
,
919
El Alamein,
121
,
343n
,
351
,
355
,
361
,
431
,
489
,
745
–
46
Elbe river,
799
,
800
,
814
,
815
,
816
Enfidaville,
445
enigma,
see
Germany, codes
Eremenko, Andrei I.,
422
,
449
,
450
Estonia,
35
,
61
,
135
,
266
,
267
,
532
,
707
,
717
,
718
,
903
European Advisory Commission,
621
,
793
–
94
,
805
Falkenhausen, Alexander von,
513
Falkenhorst, Nikolaus von,
510
Falkland Islands,
59n
Farinacci, Roberto,
597
Feodosyie,
406
Fernando Po,
207
FIDO,
1039 n 22
Finland,
267
,
271
,
274
,
459
,
630
,
674
–
75
,
703
–
704
,
844
,
845
,
902
; Communists,
101
,
102
; and Germany,
138
,
182
–
83
,
195
,
200ff
,
462
–
63
,
660
,
703
–
704
; and Great Britain,
271
,
290
; and U.S.A.,
271
,
660
; and U.S.S.R.,
100ff
,
134
–
35
,
137
–
38
,
183
,
197
,
198
,
200
–
203
,
265
,
270
–
72
,
463
–
63
,
659
–
60
,
703
–
704
,
777
,
787
,
902
First Allied Airborne Army,
700
–
701
,
813
Fiume,
486
“Flintlock,”
649
Florence,
815
Formosa (Taiwan),
313n
,
842
,
849
–
50
Forster, Albert,
527
“Fortitude” North and South,
see
“Bodyguard”
Fort Lamy (Ndjamena),
161
France,
277
,
514
–
17
,
901
; air force,
24
,
68
–
69
,
84
,
125
,
128
; armor,
539
; army,
123ff
,
128ff
,
160
–
61
,
837
,
872
; 1st army,
812
,
814
,
817
; 7th army,
124
; Atlantic coast,
112
,
113
,
115
,
140
,
176
,
385
,
697
,
827
; and Belgium,
123ff
; Channel coast,
108
–
109
,
112
,
140
; code–breaking,
see under
Germany, codes; codes,
549
; colonies,
831
; Communist Party,
104
,
129
,
516
–
17
; and
Czechoslovakia
,
92
–
93
; foreign policy,
18
–
19
,
91
; and
Germany
,
2
,
9
,
25
,
27
–
31
,
32ff
,
62
,
63
,
140
,
173
,
206
–
207
,
226
,
514
–
17
,
803
–
805
; and
Great Britain
,
39
,
65
,
92
–
93
,
104
–
105
,
127ff
,
138
–
41
,
143
,
145
–
46
,
160
,
206
,
506
; and
Holland
,
123ff
; home front,
95
; and
Italy
,
73ff
,
132
,
140
–
41
; and
Japan
,
30
,
80
,
81
,
83
,
166ff
; Maginot Line,
18
–
19
,
68
,
123
,
125
,
127
,
131
; navy,
123
,
138
,
140
,
145
–
46
,
156
,
158
,
160
; plans for Germany,
797
–
98
; and
Poland
,
39
,
42
,
50
,
51
,
64
–
68
,
91
–
93
; and
Potsdam Conference
,
837
,
838
; resistance,
688
,
695
,
516
–
17
; role in Europe,
803
–
804
; and
Romania
,
79
; strategy,
66
–
69
; and
United Nations Organization
,
805
; and
U.S.A.
,
24
,
83
–
89
,
206
,
242
,
374
,
837
; and U.S.S.R.,
25
,
40
–
41
,
42
,
62
,
63
,
72
–
73
,
103
–
105
,
806
;
see also
Free French
,
Vichy France
Franco Francisco,
76
,
133
–
34
,
144
,
177
–
78
,
207
–
208
Frank, Anne,
512
Frank, Karl H.,
98
Fredendall, Lloyd R.,
443
Free French,
159
–
62
,
230
–
31
,
433
–
34
,
446
–
47
,
682
–
83
; army,
442
,
445
,
677
,
683
,
694
–
95
,
698
,
699
,
751
–
52
,
763
,
797
,
810
,
811
;
see also
France
, army, 1st army; French Committee of National Liberation,
447
,
620
,
682
French Equatorial Africa,
160
French Indo–China,
80
,
166ff
,
247ff
,
254
,
257
,
316
,
317
,
846
,
874
–
75
,
910
–
11
French North Africa,
138
,
146
,
207
,
213
French Somaliland (Djibouti),
237
Freyberg, Bernard C.,
227
,
229
,
661
Friedeburg, Hans–Georg von,
820
Frisch, Otto,
570
Fritsch, Werner von,
561
Fuchs, Klaus,
546
Funk, Walter,
175
Fuso,
853
Gairdner, St. Clair,
861
,
1077 n 79
Galen, Clemens August von,
97
,
472
–
73
Galicia,
708
Gambier Bay
,
855
Gamelin, Maurice,
68
,
124
,
127
,
129
“Garbo,”
see under
deception operations
Garigliano river,
661
gas warfare,
see under
poison gas
Gazala,
350
Gdansk,
see
Danzig
Gehlen, Reinhard,
704
Gela,
595
Genoa,
212
George III, King (Greece),
222
George VI, King (Great Britain),
144
Germany, administration,
477
; Africa Corps,
435
; air force,
28
,
51
,
125
–
26
,
127
,
130
–
31
,
148
–
50
,
181
,
194
,
205
,
214
,
222
,
226
,
228
–
29
,
234
,
239
,
264
,
266
,
284
,
298
,
348
,
393
,
413
,
419
–
20
,
423
–
24
,
434
–
35
,
443
,
447
,
451
,
466
,
540
–
42
,
564
,
566
–
67
,
575ff
,
602
,
616ff
,
645
,
662
–
63
,
664
–
65
,
685
,
750
,
757
,
763
–
64
,
769
,
772
–
73
;
2n
d Air Fleet,
233
,
290
,
348
; 10th Air Corps,
214
,
233
; airborne troops,
111
;
Flakhelfer
,
756
,
773
; jet airplanes,
756
,
773
; suicide attacks,
775
–
76
; air force field divisions,
424
,
608
; Arado
234
,
566
–
67
; FW–200,
235
,
369
; JU–88,
28
,
108
; JU–290,
772
; ME–262,
566
–
67
,
578
,
763
–
64
; Allied plans for,
631
,
736
–
37
,
784
–
98
,
805
–
806
,
837
,
838
–
40
; and Arab nationalists,
231
; anti-partisan operations,
430
–
31
,
532
,
537n
,
676
; armament program,
23
,
28
–
29
,
205
,
268
,
270
,
298
,
383
–
88
,
408
–
409
; armor,
127
,
130
–
31
,
181
,
538
–
39
,
587
,
602
,
603
; army,
108
,
115
,
181
,
193
,
205
,
206
,
228
,
233
,
264ff
,
361
,
407
,
408ff
,
420ff
,
431
,
435
–
36
,
442ff
,
446
–
67
,
587
,
596
–
97
,
600ff
,
673
,
685ff
,
702
,
706
–
707
,
716
,
750
,
765ff
,
782
,
798ff
,
811ff
,
816
,
823ff
,
827
,
896
–
97
; Army Groups: A,
415
,
422
,
451n
,
452
,
453
,
455
,
606
,
669
–
70
,
673
; B (East),
415
,
423
,
456
; B (West),
684
,
686
,
694
,
702
,
813
,
815
,
816
; C (Italy),
818
,
826
; G,
686
,
695
,
812
; Center,
265
,
266
,
270
,
272
,
293
,
294
,
295
,
296
,
429
,
430
–
31
,
453
,
459
,
601
,
603
,
604
,
608
,
658
,
675
–
76
,
703
,
704
–
705
,
706
,
759
,
820
,
828
; Don,
451
,
452
,
453
,
456
; G,
686
,
695
,
812
; North,
265
,
266
,
271
,
295
,
425
–
27
,
429
,
459
,
601
,
608
,
673
–
74
,
703
,
705
,
707
,
717
–
21
; North Ukraine,
673
,
675
,
704
–
705
; South,
265
,
266
,
296
,
409
,
411
,
458
–
59
,
604
,
606
,
608
,
669
,
673
,
716
; South Ukraine,
673
,
708
,
714
; Vistula,
801
,
822
; Armies: 1st
686
,
695
;
2n
d,
456
; 4th,
296
,
511
,
705
,
801
; 6th,
414
,
415
,
422
–
23
,
424
,
448
,
449ff
,
604
,
607
,
671
,
712
; 7th,
680
,
686
,
688
,
693
,
766
,
767
; 8th,
51
,
671
,
713
; 9th,
296
,
427
,
601
,
602
,
603
,
604
,
705
,
821
,
822
,
824
; 10th,
601
; 11th,
265
,
411
,
413
,
415
; 12th,
816
,
823
; 14th,
51
,
677
; 15th,
680
,
686
,
688
,
692
,
700
,
766
; 16th,
718
; 17th,
296
,
415
,
455
,
456
–
57
,
607
,
671
,
707
; 18th,
181
,
674
,
718
; 19th,
686
,
695
; 20th,
704
; 21st,
826
; 1st Panzer,
296
,
415
,
422
,
455
,
458
,
604
,
607
,
669
,
671
,
707
;
2n
d Panzer,
603
,
604
;
3
rd Panzer,
704
,
718
,
801
,
826
; 4th Panzer,
415
,
422
,
448
,
449
,
450
,
451
,
458
,
602
,
669
,
671
,
707
,
821
,
822
; 5th Panzer,
693
,
766
,
767
; 6th SS Panzer,
766
–
67
,
799
; Kempf,
602
; Narva,
717
–
18
; Panzer Gruppe West,
686
,
693
; 5th Light division,
222
; 16th Panzer division, 600; security divisions,
428
; unit in American uniforms,
767
; Volksgrenadier divisions,
755
; artillery,
224
,
537
–
38
,
578
,
617
; atrocities and war crimes,
834
–
35
;
see also under
Holocaust
,
war crimes and trials
; and Austria,
22n
,
23
; and Belgium,
1
,
9
,
13
,
14
,
36
; and Bulgaria,
137
; and Canada,
40
,
65
; casualties,
894
; and China,
79
–
80
; city planning,
477
; code–breaking,
71
,
549
–
50
; codes,
50
,
71
,
150
,
218
,
227
,
233
,
236
,
240
,
290
,
362
,
377
,
378
,
379
,
382
,
387
,
388
,
554
–
57
,
579
,
661
,
663
,
680
,
693
; colonial plans,
172
–
73
,
248
; Communists,
481
,
784
,
785
,
786
,
806
,
825
; and Czechoslovakia,
22n
,
23
,
26
–
28
,
29
,
33
,
38
,
39
,
45
,
52
,
97
–
98
; diplomatic service,
206
; economy,
29
,
72
,
77
,
79
,
89
,
151
,
181
,
182
,
194
,
202
,
400
–
2
,
471
,
475
–
77
,
478
,
755
,
757
,
772ff
; espionage by,
76
,
153
; “euthanasia” program,
96
–
97
,
191
,
304
,
472
–
73
,
529
,
530
; and Finland,
138
,
182
–
83
,
195
,
200ff
,
462
–
63
,
660
,
703
–
704
; forced labor program,
475
–
77
,
480
; foreign ministry,
302
;
2
,
9
,
25
,
27
–
31
,
32ff
,
62
,
63
,
140
,
173
,
206
–
7
,
226
,
513
–
17
,
803
–
5
; Gestapo,
478
; and Great Britain,
2
,
23
,
25n
,
27
–
31
,
32
,
58n
,
142ff
,
268
; and Greece,
215
ff,
228
,
229
; home front,
95
–
97
,
471
–
73
,
782
–
83
; and Hungary,
31
–
3
2
,
461
,
464
,
520
–
21
,
670
–
73
,
715
–
16
,
757
; and India,
326
; intelligence,
189
,
273
,
412
,
425
,
448
,
449
,
674
,
675
,
884
,
704
,
713
,
718
; invasion of Britain preparations,
118
,
146
,
151
,
152
,
171
,
205
,
678n
; and Iraq,
225
–
27
; and Italy,
23
,
26
–
27
,
30
,
33
,
35
,
37
–
38
,
42
,
58
,
73
ff,
161
,
171
,
175
,
185
,
192
,
208ff
,
217ff
,
224
,
231
,
348ff
,
361
,
383
,
435
,
461
–
62
,
483
–
84
,
485
–
86
,
523
–
25
,
526
,
588
–
89
,
595ff
,
744
–
46
; and Japan,
3
,
11
,
27
,
30
–
31
,
32
,
35
,
81
–
83
,
166
–
70
,
182
,
239
,
248ff
,
256
–
57
,
262
–
63
,
287
,
289
,
299
,
307
–
8
,
338
–
39
,
345
–
48
,
383
,
384
–
86
,
400
–
3
,
404
–
5
,
462
–
63
,
497
,
532
,
547
,
589
–
90
,
634
–
35
,
719
–
21
,
744
,
746
–
49
,
781
,
823
,
836
,
845
; and Latin America,
88
; and Lithuania,
31
,
33
,
53
; and Luxembourg,
36
,
141
; military leaders,
34
,
94
