A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English (47 page)

7.
………….., but to a private TV station.

8.
………….., but why it originally appealed to the people.

9.
………….., but she DOES get on well with our foreign visitors.

10.
………….., but he WAS a member of the gang.

UNIT FOURTEEN

Modifying

14.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive meaning

Sections
110–112

Task one **

1. the house for sale; 2. the business that went bankrupt; 3. the local history society; 4. a visitor from Latvia; 5. a heavy fall of snow; 6. the marketing manager; 7. the Hungarian president; 8. the delayed 6.45 train; 9.  the woman who reported the crime; 10. the school on the hill

Task two **

1.
R: only the animal parks that are large vs N-R: all the animal parks are large

2.
R: only the houses that were old vs N-R: all the houses were old

3.
R: only the train services that were unreliable vs N-R: all the train services were unreliable

4.
R: only the Finnish students enjoyed the course vs N-R: all the students were Finnish

5.
R: only the students who had worked hard vs N-R: all the students had worked hard

6.
R: only the voters who were democratically sophisticated vs N-R: all the voters were democratically sophisticated

7.
R: only the hospitals that are understaffed vs N-R: all the hospitals are understaffed

8.
R: only the teachers who were/taught French vs N-R: all the teachers were French

9.
R: only the students who were poor vs N-R: all the students were poor

10.
R: only the portraits that were famous vs N-R: all the portraits were famous

Task three **

14.2. Post-modifiers

Sections
641–649;
70; 106; 110 etc.

Task one ***

1.
I’ll always remember the moment when the lawyer realized he’d lost the case. (clause of time)

2.
What you wrote in that article about the new laws offended people who had fought hard for changes in the law. (relative clause)

3.
There’s no reason why you should have to go there. (clause of reason)

4.
There is no other way to do it but this one. (clause of manner)

5.
It’s next to the old building they are going to pull down. (relative clause)

6.
The doctor will have time to see you. (clause of time)

7.
I’ll do it some time next week when I’m free. (clause of time)

8.
That is just one reason why he should not be allowed to go. (clause of reason)

9.
That’s the best play to see. (appositive clause)

10.
That was not the right time to do it. (clause of time)

Task two **

1.
I shall be detailing the plans in a paper to be distributed next week.

2.
Everyone working in that department was angered by the proposal.

3.
The couple next door both work in the Social Studies department.

4.
All those wary of walking too close to the edge of the cliff should stay near the leader.

5.
Hillary and Tensing were the first men to get to the top of Everest.

6.
I have nothing to do this afternoon.

7.
People in the train delayed for three hours were given a full refund for the ticket.

8.
There is no more for anyone to do.

9.
I have nothing to say.

10.
The train going to London will leave from platform 4.

14.3. Pre-modifiers

Sections
650–653;
440; 459; 522

Task one **

1.
new
: adjective

2.
anorexic
: adjective

3.
sworn
: -
ed
participle

4.
published
: -
ed
participle

5.
very long
: degree adverb + adjective

6.
interesting
: -
ing
participle

7.
train
: noun –
great
: adjective

8.
government
: noun

9.
very exciting
: degree adverb + -
ing
participle

10.
punishment
: noun

Task two **

1. that Victorian terraced house; 2. a red lambswool jersey; 3. a successful self-made man; 4. the artistically designed oak table; 5. the self-financed institute; 6. the very old black-and-white television; 7. the three-door estate car; 8. the hard-working student; 9. that early-flowering rose; 10. the expiry date on the credit card

Task three ***

1. very wet English spring; 2. beautiful oriental; 3. strong German wheat; 4. long university summer; 5. strong blond Australian; 6. very small unknown French textile; 7. craggy south-facing Welsh; 8. cold snow-covered; 9. very kind patient old; 10. classic Hungarian dessert

Task four **

–
famous
(adjective)
Manchester
(noun)
flat
(classifying adjective);
new
(adjective);
Commonwealth
(noun)

–
northern
(adjective);
flat
(classifying adjective)
cap
(noun);
official
(adjective);
games
(noun)

–
cotton
(adjective);
no-nonsense
(compound noun)
northern
(classifying adjective);
squashy
(adjective);
all-conquering
(compound -
ing
participle)
baseball
(noun);
games
(noun)

–
tested
(-
ed
participle);
Yorkshire pudding
(compound noun);
Soviet
(noun);
Soviet worker’s
(classifying genitive noun phrase);
homely
(adjective);
Manchester
(noun)
Asda
(classifying noun)

–
particularly
(degree adverb);
chief
(adjective);
supermarket
(noun);
11-day
(noun phrase)

–
nearest
(adjective);
traditional
(adjective);
snazzy
(adjective);
water
(noun)

14.4. Relative clauses

Sections
685–694;
110–111; 371–372; 461; 595; 659; 747

Task one *

1. c; 2. f; 3. e; 4. a; 5. h; 6. i; 7. b; 8. j; 9. g; 10. d

Task two **

1.
It is something (which/that) I’m expected to do.

2.
She was a clever woman, who(m) the company exploited.

3.
He was an actor (who/that) no-one had ever heard of.

4.
I like being married to a chef whose sister owns a restaurant.

5.
I enjoyed the production of ‘
No man’s land
’ (which/that) Ian Holm starred in.

6.
I’ve finished the book (which/that) you got as a prize.

7.
How do you like living in the town (which/that) you work in/where you work.

8.
It was a lovely day when we went to Brighton.

9.
He’s got a new computer, which he can’t use.

10.
He told me about it in the letter which/that came this morning.

Task three **

1. which/that; 2. who; 3. which; 4. who; 5. of whom; 6. of whose; 7. in which; 8. of which; 9. in which; 10. who

Task four **

1. The bike tethered to a tree …; 2. The house in need of repair ….; 3. The man driving too fast …; 4. Any company hiding its accounts …; 5. The article discussing the use of nuclear power …

Task five *

1.
He’s working very hard now, which is a good thing.

2.
Jane’s finished her thesis, which is amazing.

3.
Jack’s working in Tokyo for two years, after which he’s hoping to go to Hong Kong.

4.
The old lady died on her husband’s birthday, which is sad.

5.
The train was an hour late, which was not unusual.

14.5. Apposition

Sections
470–472;
397; 589; 593; 646

Task one **

1.
David Brown, owner of the garage across the road, has a good reputation.

2.
Mrs Davies, a teacher at the local school, is loved by all the children.

3.
Anne and Peter Austin, the executors of my aunt’s will, have retired and gone to live in New Zealand.

4.
I once knew James Kane, the star in last year’s Oscar-winning movie.

5.
John Williams, a writer of poetry, has won several prizes.

6.
That building over there was designed by James Stirling, a celebrated architect in the 1970s and 80s.

7.
The production is by Richard Jones, director of both opera and theatre.

8.
I always book my holidays at Compston’s, the travel agency opposite the bank.

9.
Impact 92, a language consultancy, does a lot of work in Scandinavia.

10.
Nokia, now a mobile phone company, started as a company selling rubber goods such as tyres.

Task two **

1.
A: David James has bought the house next door to mine.

B: Which David James? David James
our school friend
or David James
the dentist
? (R-R)

2.
Hello. Is that Robert Hunt
the builder
? (R)

3.
I was at university with the actor
James Marlow
. (R)

4.
Barbara Castle,
the British socialist politician
, died on 2 May 2002. (N-R)

5.
One of my oldest friends is Keith Godard,
the New York-based graphic designer
. (N-R)

6.
Your doctor,
John Beasley
, is retiring next year. Did you know? (N-R)

Task three ***

1. such as; 2. especially; 3. for example; 4. in particular; 5. notably; 6. for instance

UNIT FIFTEEN

Modality

15.1. Agreement and disagreement

Sections
270–273

Task one **

1.
Well, it WAS a rather silly story, but the actors seemed to believe in the parts they were playing.

2.
I’m not so sure they made a big mistake: she is very young and may still grow in her job.

3.
I would say it’s undercooked MOST of the time, especially when there are too many customers to be served.

4.
Aren’t you being a little unfair? His latest idea may be provocative but it’s also very innovative.

5.
Yes, it’s a rather unusual colour, but now the house will stand out from the rest.

6.
I think I agree with you, but it’s just his youthful enthusiasm that makes him say these things.

7.
Well, it wasn’t their best match to be sure, but in my opinion the game should at least have ended in a draw.

8.
There are definitely people who are more suitable for such a job. On the other hand, he’s a good communicator and that’s an important asset too.

9.
I would even say it had some EXCELLENT ideas, but not enough people are receptive to them.

10.
Well, the average score was lower than last year, but half a dozen students got top marks this time.

Task two **

1.
Yes, they should have won by a large margin.

2.
I agree, in fact some people will be in for a nasty surprise.

3.
Oh, it was a fantastic film! I could see it three or four times.

4.
Oh, it’s pure art, a real masterpiece!

5.
Yes, he gets better and better all the time.

6.
No, there aren’t any at all. The real leaders are the CEOs of big corporations and they pull the strings in politics.

7.
It was incredibly good. I’d do it again.

8.
Absolutely. You must be out of your mind to travel by car these days.

9.
If you ask me, he’s definitely NOT going to be happy working under Alan. He’s going to feel utterly miserable.

10.
You can’t imagine how much I enjoyed it. It was a terrific play.

Task three **

1.
Oh, it wasn’t too bad.

2.
It’s difficult to please ALL the voters, you know.

3.
They may live to regret that.

4.
She may not be very intelligent, but she’s very generous.

5.
Don’t you think his work for the club deserved to be rewarded?