A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future (31 page)

9. Ibid.

10. Mike Anton, “Adding a Dose of Fine Arts,”
Los Angeles Times
(May 24, 2003).

11. Christine Haughney, “Creative Writing: Old Balm in a New Forum,”
Washington Post
(August 3, 2003); Michael Bond, “The Word Doctor,”
New Scientist
( January 14, 2003).

12. Katherine S. Mangan, “Behind Every Symptom, a Story,”
Chronicle of Higher Education
(February 13, 2004).

CHAPTER 6: SYMPHONY

1. Thanks to Bill Taylor and Ron Lieber for pointing me to these examples.

2. Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi,
Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention
(HarperCollins, 1996), 9.

3. “Interview with Clement Mok,”
Fast Company
(January 2003).

4. Nicholas Negroponte, “Creating a Culture of Ideas,”
Technology Review
(February 2003).

5. Csikszentmihalyi, 71.

6. M. Jung-Beemna, E. M. Bowden, J. Haberman, et al., “Neural Activity When People Solve Verbal Problems with Insight,”
PloS Biology
(April 2004).

7. George Lakoff and Mark Turner,
More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor
(University of Chicago Press, 1989), 214–15; George Lakoff and Mark Johnson,
Metaphors We Live By
(University of Chicago Press, 1980), 6.

8. Keith J. Holyoak,
Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought
(MIT Press, 1996), 6.

9. Twyla Tharp,
The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use it for Life
(Simon and Schuster, 2003), 157.

10. See Gerald Zaltman,
How Customers Think
(Harvard Business School Press, 2003); Daniel H. Pink, “Metaphor Marketing,”
Fast Company
(April 1998).

11. Lakoff and Johnson, 233.

12. Charlotte Gill, “Dyslexics Bank of Disability,”
Courier Mail
(Queensland, Australia) (October 7, 2003).

13. Sally Shaywitz,
Overcoming Dyslexia
(Knopf, 2003), 366.

14. Michael Gerber, “The Entrepreneur as a Systems Thinker: A Revolution in the Making,”
Entreworld
(August 17, 2003). See also the work of Peter Senge, who helped bring “systems thinking” into the business vocabulary.

15. Daniel Goleman,
Working with Emotional Intelligence
(Bantam, 1998), 33.

16. Sidney Harman,
Mind Your Own Business: A Maverick’s Guide to Business, Leadership and Life
(Currency Doubleday, 2003), 10.

17. From the mission statement of the American Holistic Medical Association, available at
www.holisticmedicine.org
.

CHAPTER 7: EMPATHY

1. Steven M. Platek et al., “Contagious Yawning: The Role of Self-Awareness and Mental State Attribution,”
Cognitive Brain Research,
vol. 17 (2003), 223–27.

2. Daniel Goleman,
Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ
(Bantam, 1995), 96–97.

3. Richard Restak, M.D.,
Mozart’s Brain and the Fighter Pilot: Unleashing Your Brain’s Potential
(Harmony Books, 2001).

4. Rowan Hooper, “Reading the Mind Through the Face,”
Japan Times
(May 22, 2003).

5. Akiko Busch, ed.,
Design Is
. . . (Metropolis Books, 2001), 105.

6. Paul Ekman,
Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life
(Times Books, 2003), 220.

7. Ibid., 205–206.

8. Ibid., 220.

9. Jodi Halpern,
From Detached Concern to Empathy: Humanizing Medical Practice
(Oxford University Press, 2001).

10. Susan Okie, “An Act of Empathy,”
Washington Post
(October 21, 2003). Rachel Zimmerman, “Doctors’ New Tool to Fight Lawsuits: Saying ‘I’m Sorry,’ ”
Wall Street Journal
(May 18, 2004) 11. M. Hojat et al., “Empathy in Medical Students as Related to Academic Performance, Clinical Competence and Gender,”
Medical Education
(June 2002).

12. S. K. Fields et al., “Comparisons of Nurses and Physicians on an Operational Measure of Empathy,”
Evaluation and the Health Professions
(March 2004).

13. Sandra Yin, “Wanted: One Million Nurses,”
American Demographics
(September 2002); Julie Appleby, “Professionals Sick of Old Routine Find Healthy Rewards in Nursing,”
USA Today
(August 16, 2004).

14. “Public Rates Nursing as Most Honest and Ethical Profession,” Gallup press release (December 1, 2003).

15. Fran Foo, “Survey: Outsourcing May Hit IT Careers,”
CNET News
( July 9, 2003).

16. David G. Myers,
Intuition: Its Powers and Perils
(Yale University Press, 2002), 46.

17. Simon Baron-Cohen,
The Essential Difference: The Truth About the Male and Female Brain (
Basic Books, 2003), 31.

18. Myers, 46.

19. Baron-Cohen, 1.

20. Ibid., 8.

21. Ibid., 5.

22. Ibid., 176.

CHAPTER 8: PLAY

1. David L. Collinson, “Managing Humour,”
Journal of Management Studies
(May 2002).

2. For more on the term “play ethic,” see Pat Kane,
The Play Ethic: A Manifesto for a Different Way of Living
(Macmillan, 2004).

3. Diya Gullapalli, “To Do: Schedule Meeting, Play with Legos,”
Wall Street Journal
(August 16, 2002).

4. Collinson, “Managing Humour.”

5. For excellent longer accounts of the genesis of this game, see “Tap into What’s Hot,”
Business 2.0
(April 2003) and Brian Kennedy, “Uncle Sam Wants You (To Play This Game),”
New York Times
( July 11, 2002).

6. T. Trent Gegax, “Full Metal Joystick,”
Newsweek
(October 14, 2002).

7.
Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry: 2003 Sales, Demographics and Usage Data (2003),
published by the Interactive Digital Software Association, available at
www.idsa.com
.

8. Ellen Edwards, “Plug (the Product) and Play,”
Washington Post
( January 26, 2003); David Brooks, “Oversimulated Suburbia,”
New York Times Magazine
(November 24, 2002); Peter Lewis, “The Biggest Game in Town,”
Fortune
(September 15, 2003).

9. David Kushner, “The Wrinkled Future of Online Gaming,”
Wired
(June 2004); Zev Borow, “The Godfather,”
Wired
(January 2003).

10. James Sullivan, “Digital Art Finds More Than Joy in Joysticks,”
San Francisco Chronicle
( January 22, 2004).

11. Don Marinelli and Randy Pausch, “Edutainment for the College Classroom,”
Chronicle of Higher Education
(March 19, 2004).

12. James Paul Gee,
What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 205.

13. Scott Carlson, “Can Grand Theft Auto Inspire Professors?”
Chronicle of Higher Education
(August 15, 2003).

14. Gee, 91.

15. Shawn Greene and Daphne Bavelier, “Action Video Game Modifies Visual Selective Attention,”
Nature
(May 2003).

16. “Study: Gamers Make Good Surgeons,”
CBSNews.com
(April 7, 2004).

17. “Games at Work May Be Good For You,”
BBC News
(November 10, 2003).

18. ”Study Finds Video Games Good for Treating Phobias,” Reuters (October 17, 2003); Fred Guterl, “Bionic Youth: Too Much Information?,”
Newsweek International
(September 1, 2003).

19. Kenneth Aaron, “Where Play Is Serious Business,” Albany, NY,
Times Union
(December 10, 2002).

20. Tom Loftus, “Gaming Tries to Shed Boys’ Club Image,”
MSNBC.com
( June 17, 2004).

21. Marc Krantz, “Video Game College Is ‘Boot Camp’ for Designers,”
USA Today
(December 3, 2002).

22. Alex Pham, “Action Morphs into Art,”
Los Angeles Times
(March 26, 2004).

23. P. Shammi and D. T. Stuss, “Humour Appreciation: A Role of the Right Frontal Lobe,”
Brain
(1999), vol. 122, 663.

24. Fabio Sala, “Laughing All the Way to the Bank,”
Harvard Business Review
(September 2003).

25. Sala, “Laughing All the Way to the Bank.”

26. Collinson, “Managing Humour.”

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

29. Thomas A. Stewart, “Laughter, the Best Consultant,”
Harvard Business Review
(February 2004).

30. The headline took its name from the popular
Reader’s Digest
column. And the piece followed in the tradition of Norman Cousins, an American who overcame a life-threatening degenerative disease with a self-prescribed regimen of vitamin C, Marx Brothers movies, and back episodes of
Candid Camera,
an experience he chronicled in a 1976
New England Journal of Medicine
article and a 1979 book,
Anatomy of an Illness.

31. L. Berk, S. Tan, W. Fry, et al., “Neuroendocrine and Stress Hormone Changes During Mirthful Laughter,”
American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
vol. 298, no. 6 (1989), 390–396. L. Berk and S. Tan, “A Positive Emotion: The Eustress Metaphor. Mirthful Laughter Modulates Immune System Immunocytes,”
Annals of Behavioral Medicine,
vol. 19, no. D009 (1997 Supplement).

32. Robert R. Provine,
Laughter: A Scientific Investigation
(Penguin Books, 2001), 202.

33. Ibid., 193.

CHAPTER 9: MEANING

1. In 1991, when the Library of Congress and the Book-of-the-Month Club asked readers about the books that had most influenced their lives,
Man’s Search for Meaning
ranked ninth—on a top-ten list that included the Bible and the Book of Mormon. See Esther B. Fein, “Book Notes,”
New York Times
(November 20, 1991).

2. Viktor Frankl,
Man’s Search for Meaning
(Washington Square Press, 1984), 136.

3. Robert William Fogel,
The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism
(University of Chicago Press, 2000), 1 (parentheses in the original).

4. Frankl, 165.

5. “In America, the Meaning of Life Is on Most People’s Minds,”
Spirituality & Health
(March/April 2004).

6. Ronald Inglehart,
Modernization and Postmodernization: Culture, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies
(Princeton University Press, 1997), 4 (parentheses in the original).

7. Gregg Easterbrook,
The Progress Paradox: How Life Gets Better While People Feel Worse
(Random House, 2003), 317.

8. Anne McIlroy, “Hard-Wired for God,”
Globe and Mail
(December 6, 2003). However, it should be noted that most of the meditating monks showed a leftward shift in brain function. Their thought processes were R-Directed but in a neurological sense dominated by the left hemisphere.

9. See
www.edge.org/q2003
./

10. See Harold G. Koenig et al.,
Handbook of Religion and Health
(Oxford University Press, 2000); Jeff Levin, PhD,
God, Faith, and Health: Exploring the Spirituality-Healing Conncetion
(John Wiley and Sons, 2001); Harold G. Koenig,
Spirituality in Patient Care: Why, How, When, and What
(Templeton Foundation Press, 2001); Claudia Kalb, “Faith & Healing,”
Newsweek
(November 10, 2003); Richard Morin, “Calling Dr. God,”
Washington Post
( July 8, 2001); Bridget Coila, “Finding Meaning in Life Means Greater Immunity,”
Spirituality & Health
(January/February 2004).

11. Kalb, “Faith & Healing.”

12. Mary Jacobs, “Treating the Body and Spirit,”
Washington Post
(September 6, 2003).

13. Rich Karlgaard, “The Age of Meaning,”
Forbes
(April 26, 2004).

14. Martin E. P. Seligman,
Authentic Happiness
(Free Press, 2003), 166.

15. Laurie Goodstein, “Reviving Labyrinths, Paths to Inner Peace,”
New York Times
(May 10, 1998).

16. For an excellent account of the popularity and design of modern labyrinths, see Juanita Dugdale, “Paths of Least Resistance,”
I.D.
(March/April 2004).

17. “The Labyrinth: A Medieval Tool for the Postmodern Age: An Interview with Dr. Lauren Artress,” available at
www
. gracecathedral.
org/enrichment/interviews/int_19961206.shtml.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A Whole New Mind
is the product of a whole lot of minds. A few hundred people answered questions large and small and sat for interviews long and short to help me sort through a welter of ideas and information. Thanks, everyone. A few folks, however, deserve special mention:

Rafe Sagalyn is simply the finest literary agent, canniest adviser, and greatest friend an author can have. He was helpful in every aspect of this book. He also had the good sense to hire Jennifer Graham and Amy Rosenthal.

Many thanks to my editor at Riverhead Books, Cindy Spiegel, for countenancing my anal-retentive tendencies—and to her assistants, Susan Ambler and Charlotte Douglas, for their boundless patience.

Marc Tetel, a neuroscientist at Wellesley College, checked and rechecked every sentence I wrote about the brain. Little did I know a quarter century ago that the skinny kid from North Carolina who lived down the hall in my freshman dorm would turn out to be a topnotch scientist, a terrific editor, and a lifelong friend. (If any mistakes remain, they’re mine—not his.) A tip of the hat as well to Jon Auerbach, another freshman-dormmate-turned-neuroscientist, who suggested I get my brain scanned at NIH.