A Peace to End all Peace (77 page)

2
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill: Companion Volume
, Vol. 3, Part 1:
July 1914–April 1915
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), p. 380.

3
H. H. Asquith,
Letters to Venetia Stanley
, ed. by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), p. 374.

4
Gilbert,
Churchill: Companion Volume
, p. 500.

5
Asquith,
Letters
, p. 429.

6
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 287.

7
Ibid., pp. 296–7.

8
Ibid., p. 288.

9
Violet Bonham Carter,
Winston Churchill as I Knew Him
(London: Eyre & Spottiswoode and Collins, 1965), pp. 359–60.

10
Ibid., p. 359.

11
Gilbert,
Churchill: Companion Volume
, pp. 558–9.

12
Alan Moorehead,
Gallipoli
(New York: Ballentine Books, 1956), p. 59.

13
Ulrich Trumpener,
Germany and the Ottoman Empire 1914–1918
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968), p. 142.

14
Ibid., p. 146.

15
L. S. Stavrianos,
The Balkans since 1453
(New York: Rinehart, 1958), p. 560.

16
Bonham Carter,
Churchill
, p. 368.

17
Ibid., p. 369.

18
Ibid., p. 361.

19
Gilbert,
Churchill: Companion Volume
, p. 625.

20
Bonham Carter,
Churchill
, p. 368.

21
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 315.

22
Ibid., p. 326.

23
Bonham Carter,
Churchill
, pp. 365–6.

CHAPTER 16

1
Christopher M. Andrew and A. S. Kanya-Forstner,
The Climax of French Imperial Expansion: 1914–1924
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1981), p. 73.

2
Viscount Grey of Falloden,
Twenty-Five Years, 1892–1916
(London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1925), Vol. 2, pp. 180–1.

3
H. H. Asquith,
Letters to Venetia Stanley
, ed. by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), p. 300.

4
Ibid., p. 463.

5
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. 3:
1914–1916, The Challenge of War
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), p. 320.

6
Ibid.

7
Asquith,
Letters
, p. 183, n. 5.

8
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 320.

9
Elie Kedourie,
In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth: The McMahon-Husayn Correspondence and its Interpreters 1914–1939
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), pp. 22–3.

10
David Lloyd George,
Memoirs of the Peace Conference
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1939), Vol. 2, p. 669.

11
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 349.

12
Briton Cooper Busch,
Britain, India, and the Arabs, 1914–1921
(Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1971), pp. 40–2.

13
Asquith,
Letters
, p. 510.

14
Ibid., p. 469.

15
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill: Companion Volume
, Vol. 3, Part 1:
July 1914–April 1915
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), p. 716.

16
Kew. Public Record Office. Kitchener Papers. 30/57 45. Document 0073.

17
Ibid. 30/57. Document QQ18.

18
Kedourie,
Anglo-Arab Labyrinth
, p. 33.

19
Ibid., pp. 49–50.

20
Ibid., p. 34.

21
H. V. F. Winstone,
Gertrude Bell
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1978), p. 165.

22
Marian Kent, “Asiatic Turkey, 1914–1916,” in F. H. Hinsley (ed.),
British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 445.

23
Kedourie,
Anglo-Arab Labyrinth
, p. 43.

24
Ibid., p. 41.

25
C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill,
The Mirage of Power
, Vol. 3:
The Documents, British Foreign Policy 1902–1922
(London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972), pp. 524–5.

CHAPTER 17

1
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill: Companion Volume
, Vol. 3, Part 1:
July 1914–April 1915
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), pp. 52–3.

2
Roger Adelson,
Mark Sykes: Portrait of an Amateur
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1975), p. 180.

3
Ibid., p. 182.

4
Margaret FitzHerbert,
The Man Who Was Greenmantle: A Biography of Aubrey Herbert
(London: John Murray, 1983), pp. 147–9.

CHAPTER 18

1
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. 3:
1914–1916, The Challenge of War
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), p. 343.

2
Ibid.

3
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill: Companion Volume
, Vol. 3, Part 1:
July 1914–April 1915
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), p. 703.

4
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 358.

5
Stephen Roskill,
Hankey: Man of Secrets
, Vol. 1:
1877–1918
(London: Collins, 1970), p. 159.

6
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 359.

7
Ibid., p. 371.

8
H. H. Asquith,
Letters to Venetia Stanley
, ed. by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), p. 488.

9
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 375.

10
Gilbert,
Churchill: Companion Volume
, p. 731.

CHAPTER 19

1
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill: Companion Volume
, Vol. 3, Part 1,
July 1914–April 1915
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), p. 582.

2
Sir Ian Hamilton,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. 1 (London: Edward Arnold, 1920), p. 5.

3
Ibid., p. 25.

4
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. 3:
1914–1916, The Challenge of War
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), p. 294.

5
John Grigg,
Lloyd George: From Peace to War 1912–1916
(London: Methuen, 1985), p. 211.

6
Compton Mackenzie,
My Life and Times, Octave Five, 1915–1923
(London: Chatto & Windus, 1966), p. 269

CHAPTER 20

1
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. 3:
1914–1916, The Challenge of War
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), p. 450.

2
Margaret FitzHerbert,
The Man Who Was Greenmantle: A Biography of Aubrey Herbert
(London: John Murray, 1983), p. 151.

3
Ibid., p. 155.

4
Lord Riddell’s War Diary 1914–1918
(London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson, 1933), p. 94.

5
Ibid., p. 109.

6
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 476.

7
Riddell,
Diary
, p. 89.

8
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 440.

CHAPTER 21

1
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. 3:
1914–1916, The Challenge of War
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), p. 529.

2
H. Montgomery Hyde,
Carson
(London: William Heinemann, 1953), p. 393.

3
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill: Companion Volume
, Vol. 3, Part 2:
May 1915–December 1916
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), p. 1158.

4
Gilbert,
Churchill: The Challenge of War
, p. 549.

5
John Presland (pseudonym for Gladys Skelton),
Deedes Bey: A Study of Sir Wyndham Deedes 1883–1923
(London: Macmillan, 1942), p. 226.

6
Ibid., p. 231.

CHAPTER 22

1
Roger Adelson,
Mark Sykes: Portrait of an Amateur
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1975), p. 187.

2
Briton Cooper Busch,
Britain, India, and the Arabs
, 1914–1921 (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1971), p. 69.

3
Adelson,
Sykes
, p. 192.

4
C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill,
The Mirage of Power
, Vol. 2:
British Foreign Policy 1914–1922
(London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972), p. 209.

5
H. V. F. Winstone,
Gertrude Bell
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1978), p. 162.

CHAPTER 23

1
Roger Adelson,
Mark Sykes: Portrait of an Amateur
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1975), p. 187.

2
Ibid., p. 189.

3
Secret Despatches from Arabia by T. E. Lawrence
(The Golden Cockerel Press), p. 69.

4
C. Ernest Dawn,
From Ottomanism to Arabism: Essays on the Origins of Arab Nationalism
(Urbana, Chicago and London: University of Illinois Press, 1973), p. 30.

5
Elie Kedourie,
In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth: The McMahon-Husayn Correspondence and its Interpreters 1914–1939
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), p. 75.

6
Ibid., p. 77.

7
Ibid., p. 78.

8
Elie Kedourie,
The Chatham House Version and Other Middle Eastern Studies
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1970), p. 14.

9
Kew. Public Record Office. Kitchener Papers. 30/57 48. Document RR 26.

10
London. House of Lords Record Office. Beaverbrook Collection. Lloyd George Papers. F-205–3. Document 17.

11
Karl Baedeker,
Palestine and Syria: With Routes through Mesopotamia and Babylon and the Island of Cyprus: Handbook for Travellers
, 5th edn, remodelled and augmented (Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912), p. 157.

12
Kew. Public Record Office. Kitchener Papers. 30/57 47. Document QQ46.

13
These and similar quotations are assembled in Elie Kedourie,
England and the Middle East: The Destruction of the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1921
(Hassocks, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1978), p. 69.

14
Ibid.

15
Adelson,
Sykes
, p. 189.

16
Kedourie,
Chatham House
, p. 15.

17
Sherif Hussein’s second note to Sir Henry McMahon, 9 September 1915.

18
John Presland (pseudonym for Gladys Skelton),
Deedes Bey: A Study of Sir Wyndham Deedes 1883–1923
(London: Macmillan, 1942), pp. 244–5.

19
University of Durham. Sudan Archive. Gilbert Clayton Papers. 470/2.