A Nation Betrayed: Secret Cold War Experiments Performed on Our Children and Other Innocent People (7 page)
Authors: Carol Rutz
Tags: #Law, #Constitutional Law, #Human Rights, #Politics & Social Sciences, #Politics & Government, #Specific Topics, #Intelligence & Espionage
It didn’t take daddy very long before he devised a plan to eliminate any suspicions that momma might have. I was taken to a field with a lot of trees and marshy grass. Daddy led me to one particular tree that had a large hole in it, just about where my shoulders came. My head was shoved into the hole, and another alter was created to handle the horror of that moment. The hole had been filled with garter snakes. Later that evening I went and told
momma that I had been lying about what I said daddy had done to me. I was never able to speak out again, about that or any other sexual abuse that would take place. Where was Zorro when you needed him?
1953 also proved to be an important year for mind control when Allen Dulles was confirmed Director of the CIA. In a speech before the National Alumni Conference at Princeton University on April 10, 1953, he lectured his audience on “how sinister the battle for men’s minds had become in Soviet hands.” The human mind, Dulles warned was a “malleable tool,” and the Red Menace had secretly developed “brain perversion techniques.” Some of these methods were “so subtle and so abhorrent to our way of life that we have recoiled from facing up to them.” Dulles continued, “The minds of selected individuals who are subjected to such treatment are deprived of the ability to state their own thoughts. Parrot-like, the individuals so conditioned can merely repeat the thoughts which have been implanted in their minds by suggestion from outside. In effect the brain becomes a phonograph playing a disc put on the spindle by an outside genius over which it has no control.”
Three days after delivering this address Dulles authorized Operation MKULTRA. Originally established as a supplementary funding mechanism to the ARTICHOKE project, MKULTRA quickly grew into a mammoth undertaking that outflanked earlier mind control initiatives.
In 1978, Admiral Stansfield Turner, Director of the CIA, testified that of the 182 subprojects; 140 of them appeared to have connection with research into behavioral modification, drug acquisition and testing or administering drugs surreptitiously.
The 15 categories of subprojects were:
1. Research into the effects of behavioral drugs and/or alcohol: 17 subprojects not involving human testing, 14 subprojects definitely involving testing on human volunteers, and 6 subprojects involving tests on unwitting human beings.
2. Research on hypnosis: 8 subprojects, including two involving hypnosis and drugs in combination.
3. Seven subprojects on the acquisition of chemicals or drugs.
4. Four subprojects on the aspects of the magician’s art, useful in covert operations; for instance, the surreptitious delivery of drug related material.
5. Nine subprojects on studies of human behavior sleep research, and behavioral change during psychotherapy.
6. Six subprojects on Library searches and attendance at seminars and international conferences on behavioral modifications.
7. Twenty-Three subprojects on motivational studies of defectors, assessments of behavior and training techniques.
8. Three subprojects on polygraph research
9. Three subprojects on funding mechanisms for MKULTRA’s external research activities.
10. Six subprojects on research on drugs, toxins, and biologicals in human tissue, provision of exotic pathogens, and the capability to incorporate them in effective delivery systems.
11. Three subprojects on activities whose nature simply cannot be determined.
12. Three subprojects involving funding support for unspecified activities conducted with the Army Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, Md.
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Under the CIA’s Project MKNAOMI, the Army assisted the CIA in developing, testing, and maintaining biological agents and delivery systems for use against humans as well as against animals and crops.
13. Single subprojects in such areas as the effects of electroshock, harassment techniques for offensive use, analysis of extrasensory perception, gas propelled sprays and aerosols, and four subprojects involving crop and material sabotage.
14. One or two subprojects on each of the following: blood grouping research; controlling the activities of animals; energy storage and transfer in organic systems; and stimulus and response in biological systems.
15) Three subprojects canceled before any work was done on them having to do with laboratory drug screening, research on brain concussion, and research on biologically active materials.
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Under Dulles MKULTRA funneled funds to 185 non-government researchers and assistants working for 80 institutions. These institutions included 44 colleges or universities, 15 research foundations or chemical or pharmaceutical companies and the like, 12 hospitals or clinics and 3 penal institutions.
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As
Pravda
said in 1951, “If ever the spy Allen Dulles should arrive in Heaven through somebody’s absent-mindedness, he would begin to blow up the clouds, mine the stars and slaughter the angels.” Allen Dulles cared little for the methods that were used to accomplish the secret projects he funded. Proof of this is clear when you look at his attempts in 1950 to convince John McCloy to intervene in General Alexander von Falkenhausen’s trial. Von Falkenhausen had executed hostages in Belgium throughout the war and ordered the deportation of 25,000 Jews to death camps. Von Falkenhausen drew a twelve-year sentence but was freed after three weeks.
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His brother, John Foster Dulles was U.S. Secretary of State from 1953-1959. In
Containing Communism
Mr. Dulles was quoted as saying, “President Eisenhower surrendered all his power to me.”
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As long as John Foster Dulles was Secretary of State, Allen Dulles had no need to “chafe under political control.” Both brothers “placed supreme confidence in their personal judgments. They were completely trusted and were able to act at will and shielded from any unpleasant consequences.”
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History, as you now see has proven this to be true.
Chapter 4 -
Men Behind the Shadow Government
As high commissioner of occupied Germany, John McCloy was instrumental in the early release and commutation of numerous Nazi war criminals.
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In October 1950, he commuted the five-year sentence of Baron Ernst von Weizsacker, who as a Nazi Foreign Office official had been convicted of complicity in the deportation of some six thousand Jews from France to Poland.
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In January of the following year, McCloy announced that five of the fifteen death sentences from the Nuremberg judgments would be carried out. He then reduced the sentences of sixty-four out of the remaining seventy-four war criminals. One third of these were to be released immediately.
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He also reduced the sentences of all the remaining convicted doctors who had experimented on concentration-camp inmates. One doctor was paroled immediately for time served, and the life sentences of five others were reduced. One SS officer who confessed to having personally executed fifteen hundred Jews was reprieved because he had later refused to carry out any further murders.
• SS Lieutenant Heinz Schubert had his death sentence reduced to ten years. Schubert had signed a confession and testified that he had personally supervised a “special action” in which seven or eight hundred people were machined-gunned down at Simferopol.
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• SS Officer Walter Schellenberg, who had helped trap and exterminate the Jews of France, was also awarded clemency.
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• SS Brigadefuhrer Franz Six, convicted of murdering 200 people in the Ghetto of Smolensk served only four years in prison before McCloy gave him clemency. Dr. Six said in 1944, “The physical elimination of Eastern Jewry would deprive Jewry of its biological reserves. The Jewish Question must be solved not only in Germany but also internationally.”
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One must ask the question, “How could a man who was responsible for such actions, rise to such power in the government and private circles of the United States?” Prior to the war, McCloy was a senior partner with Milbank, Tweed, whose most important client was the Rockefeller family’s bank, Chase National. McCloy also provided counsel to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. The shah maintained a personal account and the Pahlavi Foundation account with Chase Bank. Allen Dulles was also a legal adviser to the shah.
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In 1947 McCloy was named to head the World Bank, which was made up of 40 countries with $8 billion in assets. McCloy and two other board members spent three months in Nelson Rockefeller’s personal home organizing the bank along commercial lines.
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In 1948 McCloy participated in a classified study of the CIA. He attended weekly meetings where he questioned CIA Director Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, George Kennan, Bill Donovan, Frank Wisner, and many other officials of the State Department and National Security Council. He recommended that the CIA should be given autonomy and should do more in the field of covert propaganda to wage psychological warfare. Frank Wisner, as head of the Office of Policy Coordination, which ran covert political action operations had his budget grow from $4.7 million in 1949 to $82 million in just three years.
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In the 50’s McCloy became chairman of the Chase National Bank and David Rockefeller became his protégé. He and David were both members of the Council on Foreign Relations. Also members of the CFR were Allen Dulles, Henry Kissinger, and Henry Heald, president of the Ford Foundation.
Henry Ford II recruited McCloy in 1953 to serve on the Ford Foundation’s board. He was one of three people on the board who could approve funding for CIA projects that took place under the cover of the Ford Foundation. He went on to replace Rowen Gaither as chairman of the Ford Foundation.
Joseph Johnson, president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace was another member of the CFR as well as Dean Rusk, president of the Rockefeller Foundation; Nelson Rockefeller; John D. Rockefeller III, Harry Guggenheim, Marshall Field, and John Whitney.
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To say that John McCloy rubbed shoulders with some of the most influential people of that decade is an understatement. As Henry Kissinger said in his autobiography
The White House Years
, “Presidents and Secretaries of State found in John McCloy a reliable pilot through treacherous shoals. He rarely supplied solutions to difficult problems, but he never failed to provide the psychological and moral reassurance that made solutions possible.” In fact Henry served as a consultant to the president’s
Psychological Strategy Board, which Hoover regarded as a rival intelligence group. C.D. Jackson, the chief of the Psychological Strategy Board frequently consulted McCloy. Kai Bird referred to this as a “new rather shadowy executive agency that was supposed to help coordinate covert intelligence with sophisticated propaganda programs.”
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According to Kai, McCloy was partially influenced by his friend Edward Meade Earle of Princeton’s Institute for Advanced Study. A prominent historian, Earle had served on the OSS’s Board of Analysts, and had helped Bill Donovan recruit academics for intelligence work during the war. By the early 1950’s Earle was working with Allen Dulles and C. D. Jackson
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on various intelligence projects, including “some of the problems of ‘psychological warfare’ directed toward our allies.”
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Jackson said, “The three big ingredients of psychological warfare are money, no holds barred and no questions asked.”
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Nelson Rockefeller, whose title was changed to Special Assistant for Cold War Strategy replaced C. D. Jackson as Special Assistant for Psychological Strategy in 1954. Officially Nelson was to give advice and assistance in the development of increased understanding and cooperation among all peoples. Unofficially the nature of the post was Presidential Coordinator for the CIA. As part of Nelson’s responsibilities he attended meetings of the Cabinet, the Council on Foreign Economic Policy and the National Security Council, the highest policy making body in the government. He also functioned as the head of a secret unit called the Planning Coordination Group, consisting of himself, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and the head of the CIA, Allen Dulles. This unit was charged with implementing National Security Council decisions.
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