A History of China (89 page)

pastoralism

peanuts

Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci (fl. 1310–1347)

Pei Xiu (224–271) and cartography

Peking Union Medical College

Peng Dehuai (1898–1974)

Peony Pavilion, The
(
Mudanting
)

people’s communes

People’s Liberation Army

People’s Republic of China

Pepper Empire

Pereira, Tomás (1654–1708)

Perry, Matthew (1794–1858)

ʾ
Phags-pa Lama (1235–1280)

Ping fa
(
Art of War
)

pipa

Pitt, William, Lord Amherst (1773–1857)

Polo, Marco (1254–1324)

popular religion

porcelains

Portuguese and China

Poyang Lake

printing

privatization of industry

Production and Construction Corps (Bingtuan)

Protestant missions

Pruitt, Ida (1888–1985)

Przhewalski, Nikolai (1839–1888)

Pure Land school of Buddhism

Pure Land Sutra

Puyi (1906–1967), last emperor of Qing dynasty

P’yongyang

Qi (state in Warring States period)

qi
and
li

Qiang

Qianlong, emperor of Qing dynasty (1711–1799)

Qin dynasty (221–206
BCE
)

Qing dynasty (1644–1911)

Qingming scroll

Qishan (1786–1854)

Qiu Jin (1875–1907)

Quanzhou

Queen Mother of the West

Quemoy and Matsu

Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong
(
Mao zhuxi yulu
or “The Little Red Book”)

Qu Yuan (343–278
BCE
)

Rabban Sauma (ca. 1220–1294)

railway construction

Recipes of the Department of Favoring the People and Harmonizing Preparation of the Taiping Era
(
Taiping huiming heji jufang
)

Rectification Campaign

Red, Blue, and Black Lanterns

Red Eyebrows

Red Guards

Red Turbans

Re
fl
ections on Things at Hand
(
Jinsilu
)

Renzong, emperor of the Yuan dynasty (r. 1311–1320)

responsibility system

rhubarb as medicine

Ricci, Matteo (1552–1610)

Roberts, Issachar (1802–1871)

Rong

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882–1945)

Roosevelt, Theodore (1858–1919)

Rouran

Ruizong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (662–716)

rural distress (1930s)

Russia

Russo–Japanese War (1904–1905)

Rusticello (fl. late thirteenth century)

Ryukyu islands

Saiyid Ajall Shams al-Din (1211–1279)

sakoku
(“closing the country”)

Samarkand

Sanguozhi yanyi
(
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
) (novel)

Schall von Bell, Adam (1592–1666)

“scramble for concessions,”

Secret History of the Mongols

Sect of the Three Stages (
Sanjie
)

Self-Strengthening Movement

Sengge (d. 1671)

Sepoy Mutiny (1857)

Service, John S. (1909–1999)

Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove

Seventeen-Point Agreement (Tibet)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Shahrukh (1377–1447)

Shakyamuni (ca. 563–483
BCE
)

shamanism

Shangdu (Xanadu)

Shang dynasty

Shanghai and 1930s prosperity

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Shantao (613–681)

shanyus
(rulers of Xiongnu)

Shato Turks

sheng
(reed musical instrument)

Sheng Shicai (1897–1970)

Shen Gua (1031–1095)

Shennong

Shenzhen economic zone

Shen Zhou (1427–1509)

Shenzong, emperor of the Song dynasty (r. 1068–1085)

shi

Shi Dakai (1831–1863)

Shi Hu (295–349)

Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) (r. 246–210
BCE
)

Shiji
(
Records of the Grand Historian
)

Shi Le (274–333)

Shimabara Rebellion

Shi Siming (703–761)

Shi Tao (1642–1707)

Shitong
(
Generalities of History
)

Shu Han dynasty (221–263)

Shuihuzhuan
(
Water Margin
) (novel)

Shun

Siberia, Russian colonization of

Sichuan earthquake

Siddhartha Gautama
see
Buddha

Silk Roads

silver and trade

Sima Guang (1019–1086)

Sima Qian (ca. 145–86
BCE
)

Sima Tan (ca. 165–110
BCE
)

Sima Yan (236–290)

“single-whip” system

Sino–British disputes

Sino–Japanese War (1894–1895)

Sino–Japanese War (1937–1945)

Sino–Soviet relations

Siyiguan (College of Translators)

Snow, Edgar (1905–1972)

Socialist Education Campaign

Society of God Worshippers

Socrates and Confucius

Sokkuram

Song (state in Warring States period)

Song dynasty (960–1279)

Song Jiang

Song Jiaoren (1882–1913)

Song Yingxing (1587–1666)

Soong, Charlie (1863–1918)

Soong Meiling (1898–2003)

Soong Qingling (1893–1981)

Soong, T. V. (1891–1971)

Sorghaghtani Beki, mother of Khubilai Khan

Southern Qi dynasty (479–502)

Spring and Autumn Annals
(
Chun qiu
)

Spring and Autumn period (722–481
BCE
)

Srong-btsan-sgam-po (605?–649)

Stalin, Joseph (1878–1953)

State Hermitage Museum

Sternberg, Ungern von (1885–1921)

Stilwell, Joseph (1883–1946)

Story of the Stone
(
Dream of the Red Chamber
) (
Hongloumeng
) (novel)

Strike Hard campaigns

Sulu

Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan)

Sun Chuan (182–252)

Sun Fo (1895–1973)

Sun Shines Over the Sangkan River, The
(
Taiyang zhaozai sanggan heshang
)

Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925)

Sunzi

suona
(Chinese oboe)

Su Shi (Su Dongpo) (1037–1101)

Su Wei (542–623)

Suzhou

sweet potato

Tai Chin (1388–1462)

Taiping, princess of the Tang dynasty (d. 713)

Taiping rebellion

Taiwan

Taiyuan Massacre

Taizhou school

Taizong, emperor of the Tang dynasty
see
Li Shimin

Taizong, emperor of the Song dynasty (939–997)

Talas River battle

Tang, king of the Shang dynasty

Tang poetry

Tangshan earthquake (1976)

Tanguts

Tang Xianzu (1550–1616)

taotie
mask

Tavghach

tea

Temür (grandson of Khubilai Khan) (1265–1307)

Temür (Tamerlane) (1336–1405)

Tenggeri

Ten Kingdoms

Theravada (or Hinayana) Buddhism

“thought reform,”

Three-Anti campaign

Three Gorges Dam

Three Kingdoms

Three People’s Principles

Three Sovereigns (
Sanhuang
)

Tian

Tiananmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace)

Tiangong kaiwu
(
Exploitation of the Works of Nature
)

Tiantai school of Buddhism

Tibet

tiyong
(“essence and practical application”)

tobacco

Toghto (fl. 1340–1352)

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616)

Tolui (father of Khubilai Khan) (1192–1232)

Tongdian
(
Comprehensive Institutions
)

Tonghak movement

Tongmenghui (party)

Tongwenguan (school)

Topkapi Museum

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536 or 1537–1598)

Tran dynasty

Travelling among Streams and Mountains

Treaty of Aigun (1858)

Treaty of the Bogue (1843)

Treaty of Nanjing (1842)

Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)

Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)

Treaty of St. Petersburg (1881)

Treaty of Shanyuan (1005)

Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895)

Treaty of Tianjin (1860)

Triads

tribute system of foreign relations

tricolored ceramics

Trotsky, Leon (1879–1940)

“True Story of Ah Q” (
A Q Zhengzhi
) (short story)

Tsewang Rabtan (d. 1717)

Tsinghua University

Tsingtao

Tsong-kha-pa (1357–1419)

Tujue

Tumu, battle of

tuntian
(military colonies)

Tuoba

Turfan

Tuyuhun

Twenty-One Demands

Ulanhu (1906–1988)

united-front policy

USA and China

Uyghur empire

Uyghurs

Vairocana (Cosmic Buddha)

Verbiest, Ferdinand (1623–1688)

Versailles

Victoria, queen of Great Britain (1819–1901)

Vietnam, war with China (1979)

Voitinsky, Gregori (1893–1956)

Wallace, Henry (1888–1965)

Wang Anshi (1021–1086)

Wang Bi (226–249)

Wang Chen (d. 1449)

Wang Chong (27–ca. 100)

Wang Gen (1483–1541)

Wang Ji (1498–1583)

Wang Jingwei (1883–1944)

Wang Mang (ca. 45
BCE
–23
CE
)

Wang Wei (699–759)

Wang Xianzhi (d. 878)

Wang Xizhi (303–361)

Wang Yangming (1472–1529)

Wang Yuanqi (1642–1715)

Wanli, emperor of the Ming dynasty (1573–1620)

Ward, Frederick Townsend (1831–1862)

warlords

War of the Three Feudatories

Warring States period (403–221
BCE
)

Washington Naval Conference (1921–1922)

Water Margin
(
Shuihuzhuan
) (novel)

watermills

Wei (state in Warring States period)

Wei, empress of the Tang dynasty

Wei dynasty

Wei Jingsheng (1950–)

Wei Yang (Lord Shang, Gongsun Yang) (d. 338
BCE
)

Wei Zheng (581–643)

Wei Zhongxian (1568–1627)

well-field system

Wen, king of Zhou dynasty (1152–1056
BCE
)

Wencheng, emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty (440–465)

Wencheng, princess (d. 680)

Wen Zhengming (1470–1559)

Western Jin dynasty (265–316)

Western Turk Khaghanate

wheelbarrows

White Cloud Society

White Lotus Society

White Russians