A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism (75 page)

²²
The Jewish Peril: Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion
, 5th ed. (The Britons, 1921), ii.

²³
B. Segel,
Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion
, 171, quoted in Cohn,
Warrant for Genocide
, 181.

²⁴
Advertisement,
New York Times
, January 16, 1921, 30–31.

²⁵
In Albert Lee,
Henry Ford and the Jews
(New York: Stein and Day, 1980), 106, quoted in Jonathan R. Logsdon, “Power, Ignorance, and Anti-Semitism: Henry Ford and His War on the Jews,”
http://history.hanover.edu/hhr/99/hhr99_2.html
.

²⁶
New York Times
, August 17, 1920.

²⁷
John L. Bernstein, testimony,
Jewish Immigration Bulletin, Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society Monthly Report
(January 1921), quoted in Sanders,
Shores of Refuge
, 385.

¹
Henry Buxbaum, “Recollections,” in Monika Richarz, ed.,
Jewish Life in Germany: Memoirs from Three Centuries
, trans. Stella P. Rosenfeld and Sidney Rosenfeld (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991), 303.

²
E. Ludendorff,
Kriegführung und Politik
, 2nd ed. (Berlin 1922), 51, quoted in Norman Cohn,
Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World Conspiracy and the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion”
(London: Serif, 1996), 149.

³
Deutches Tageblatt
, August 23, 1921, quoted in Cohn,
Warrant for Genocide
, 150.

⁴
Albert Einstein to Willy Hellpach, Summer 1929, quoted in David E. Rowe and Robert Schulmann,
Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism, Zionism, War, Peace, and the Bomb
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 170–171.

⁵
Harry Kessler,
Walter Rathenau: His Life and Work
(New York, 1944), quoted in Howard M. Sachar,
Dreamland: Europeans and Jews in the Aftermath of the Great War
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002), 252.

⁶
Quoted in Sachar,
Dreamland
, 252–253.

⁷
State Archives, Munich, Staatsanw. Munich 3098, Decision 44, quoted in Ingo Müller,
Hitler’s Justice: The Courts of the Third Reich
, trans. Deborah Lucas Schneider (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991), 16.

⁸
Edwin Landau, “Recollections,” in Monika Richarz, ed.,
Jewish Life in Germany
, 310–311.

⁹
Liselotte Kahn, Leo Baeck Institute (New York), 117, quoted in Marion A. Kaplan,
Between Dignity and Despair: Jewish Life in Nazi Germany
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 20.

¹⁰
Marta Appel, “Recollections,” in Monika Richarz, ed.,
Jewish Life in Germany
, 353–354.

¹¹
“Letter of Saint Edith Stein to Pope Pius XI in 1933,” accessed March 24, 2011,
http://www.baltimorecarmel.org/saints/Stein/letter to pope.htm
.

¹²
Reich Citizenship Law, September 15, 1935, quoted in Lucy S. Dawidowicz, ed.,
A Holocaust Reader
, (New York: Behrman House, 1976), 45–47.

¹³
Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, September 15, 1935, quoted in Dawidowicz, ed.,
A Holocaust Reader
, 47–48.

¹⁴
Kaplan,
Between Dignity and Despair
, 75.

¹⁵
Quoted in Howard M. Sachar,
A History of the Jews in the Modern World
(New York: Vintage Books, 2005), 516.

¹⁶
Golda Meir,
My Life
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975), 158.

¹⁷
A Protestant clergyman from Berlin to Kitler, Goering, Goebbles, et al., December 1938, in Otto Dov Kulka, “Popular Christian Attitudes in the Third Reich to National Socialist Policies Towards the Jews,” Papers Presented at the International Symposium on Judaism and Christianity Under the Impact of National Socialism, 1919–1945, June 1982 (Jerusalem: Historical Society of Israel, 1982), 252, trans. Paul R. Mendes-Flohr, quoted in Paul Mendes-Flohr and Jehuda Reinharz, eds.,
The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History
, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 654.

¹⁸
In Jost Dulffler,
Deutsche Geschichte 1933–1945
(Stuttgart, 1992), 125, quoted in Michael Burleigh,
The Third Reich: A New History
(New York: Hill and Wang, 2000), 571.

¹⁹
Jewish Chronicle
, December 15, 1939, quoted in Ronald Sanders,
Shores of Refuge: A Hundred Years of Jewish Emigration
(New York: Schocken Books, 1988), 477.

²⁰
“Testimony by Mrs. Rivka Yosselevscka, Uncorrected English transcript of the Eichmann trial (mimeographed), May 8, 1961, section 30, pp. L1–N1,” in Raul Hilberg, ed.,
Documents of Destruction: Germany and Jewry, 1933–1945
(Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), 59–62.

²¹
Ibid.

²²
Christopher R. Browning,
Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
(New York: HarperCollins, 1998), 186.

²³
Rudolf Hoess,
Commandant of Auschwitz: The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess
(Cleveland: World Publishers, 1959), 223.

²⁴
Claude Lanzmann,
Shoah: The Complete Text of the Acclaimed Holocaust Film
(New York: Pantheon, 1985), 141–143.

²⁵
Filip Müller,
Eyewitness Auschwitz: Three Years in the Gas Chambers
, ed. and trans. Susanne Flatauer (New York: Stein and Day, 1979), 2.

²⁶
Michel Mazor,
The Vanished City: Everyday Life in the Warsaw Ghetto
, trans. David Jacobson (New York: Marsilio, 1993), 19.

²⁷
Ibid.

²⁸
Yitzhak Zuckerman,
A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
, trans. and ed. Barbara Harshav (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), xiii. Original emphasis.

²⁹
Wiktoria
Ś
liwowska, ed., Julian and Fay Bussgang trans., “Krystyna Budnicka,” in
The Last Eyewitnesses: Children of the Holocaust Speak
(Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1998), 18–19.

³⁰
Ibid., 20.

³¹
John Cornwell,
Hiter’s Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII
(New York: Viking, 1999), 292, quoted in Carol Rittner and John K. Roth, eds.,
Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
(London: Leicester University Press, 2002), 3.

³²
Edward R. Murrow, radio broadcast, December 13, 1942, quoted in Edward Bliss, Jr., ed.,
In Search of Light: The Broadcasts of Edward R. Murrow, 1938–1961
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967), 56–57.

³³
“Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of this Government in the Murder of the Jews,” initialed by Randolph Paul for the Foreign Funds Control Unit of the Treasury Department, January 13, 1944.

³⁴
Meyer Levin,
In Search: An Autobiography
(New York: Horizon Press, 1950), 232–233.

³⁵
Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 409.

¹
Joseph Pulitzer, “Report on German Murder Mills,” in
Army Talks
, Vol. 4 (July 10, 1945), 9.

²
I. F. Stone,
Underground to Palestine
(London: Hutchinson, 1979).

³
Yisrael Meir Lau, “The Orphan Who Became Chief Rabbi of Israel,”
Jewish Press
, May 7, 1993, quoted in Benjamin Blech, ed.,
Eyewitness to Jewish History
(Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2004), 263–266.

⁴
Ibid.

⁵
Wolfgang Jacobmeyer, “Polnische Juden in der Amerikanischen Besatzungzone Deutschlands 1946/7,”
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
, 25 (January 1977): 129–132, quoted in Michael R. Marrus,
The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 332.

⁶
Quoted in Leonard Dinnerstein,
America and the Survivors of the Holocaust
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), 66.

⁷
Report of Earl G. Harrison to President Harry S. Truman, enclosed in letter from President Truman to General Eisenhower, August 31, 1945, White House News Release (September 29, 1945),
http://www.sunsite.unc.edu/pha/policy/1945/450929a.html
.

⁸
Ibid.

⁹
Ibid.

¹⁰
George Patton,
The Patton Diaries, 1940–1945
, 137–139, quoted in Abram L. Sachar,
The Redemption of the Unwanted: From the Liberation of the Death Camps to the Founding of Israel
(New York: St. Martin’s/Marek, 1983), 164.

¹¹
Emil Draitser,
Shush! Growing Up Jewish under Stalin: A Memoir
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), 16.

¹²
Emmanuel Mounier, “L’ordre regne-t-il à Varsowie?,” 999–1000, quoted in Jan T. Gross,
Fear: AntiSemitism in Poland after Auschwitz, An Essay in Historical Interpretation
(New York: Random House, 2006), 35.

¹³
Charles H. Stember,
Jews in the Mind of America
(New York: Basic Books, 1966), 128, cited in Leonard Dinnerstein,
Antisemitism in America
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 131.

¹⁴
Cited in Leonard Dinnerstein, “Anti-Semitism Exposed and Attached, 1945–1950,” AJH 71 (September 1981): 135; Samuel H. Flowerman and Marie Jahoda, “Polls on Anti-Semitism,”
Commentary
1 (April 1946): 83, cited in Dinnerstein,
Antisemitism in America
, 146.

¹⁵
Ronald Sanders,
Shores of Refuge: A Hundred Years of Jewish Emigration
(New York: Schocken Books, 1988), 573.

¹⁶
In David Kennedy,
A Political Passage: The Career of Stratton of Illinois
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press, 1990), 52–53, quoted in Dinnerstein,
Antisemitism in America
, 161.

¹⁷
Joseph Tenenbaum,
In Search of a Lost People: The Old and the New Poland
(New York: Beechhurst Press, 1948), 238.

¹⁸
Ibid., 238–239.

¹⁹
Ibid., 241.

²⁰
Reports and Recommendations of the Emergency Conference on Anti-Semitism
, International Council of Christians and Jews (London/Geneva, 1947), 14, quoted in Christian M. Rutishauser, “The 1947 Seelisberg Conference: The Foundation of Jewish-Christian Dialogue,”
Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations
, 2, no. 2 (2007): 42–43,
http://escholarship.bc.edu/scjr/vol2/iss2/6
.

²¹
Jules Isaac,
The Teaching of Contempt: Christian Roots of Anti-Semitism
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964), 42.

²²
Reports and Recommendations of the Emergency Conference on Anti-Semitism
, 14ff, quoted in Rutishauser, “The 1947 Seelisberg Conference,” 44–45.

²³
Ibid.

²⁴
Conor Cruise O’Brien,
The Siege: The Saga of Israel and Zionism
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986), 341–342.

²⁵
Naïm Kattan,
Farewell Babylon: Coming of Age in Jewish Baghdad
, trans. Sheila Fischman (Boston: David R. Godine, 2007), 11.

²⁶
Ibid., 16–17.

²⁷
Ibid., 18.

²⁸
Ibid., 53.

²⁹
Doreen Ingrams, ed.,
Palestine Papers, 1917–1922: Seeds of Conflict
(New York: George Braziller, 1973), 44.