A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism (72 page)

turning point in,
274

United States, involvement in,
277

Worms, Germany,
59
,
67
,
69
,
90

Würzburg, Germany,
79
,
176

Würzburg, University of,
175
,
176

X

xenophobia,
351

Y

Yahad in Unum
,
354

Yahaya’i, Haroun,
353

Yathrib,
44

Yavne,
30

Yavo, Isaac,
187
–188

Yiddish,
159
,
318
,
320

Yosselevscka, Rivka,
275
–276

Young Egypt,
302

Yugoslavia,
297
,
307

Z

Zarathushtra, Spitaman,
41

Zarfati, Isaac,
152

Zeus (Greek god),
13

Zibakalam, Sadegh,
353

Zionism, Zionists
224
: and antisemitism,
330
,
336
,
341
–342,
345
,
349

and Arabs,
303
–304,
328

confused with racism,
333
–334,
342

immigration to Palestine,
307

Jewish homeland, establishment of,
299
,
303
–304,
307
–308;

and Ottoman Empire,
240
,
303
–304;

and Soviet Union,
315
,
318
–320,
325
,
332

and World War I,
240
,
248

Zola, Emile,
213
,
214

Zoroastrianism,
41
,
48

Zuckerman, Yitzhak,
281

Zvi, Shabtai,
154
–155

Expulsion of Jews from St. Petersburg, Russia, 1891

Sewing yellow star, France, 1942

Passport stamped with “J” for Jew (top)

Survivors of the Holocaust, 1945 (bottom)

Jewish refugees from Algeria, 1962

¹
“The Battle for Truth: What Really Happened in Jenin Camp?”
The Guardian
, April 17, 2002.

²
Tom Gross, “Jeningrad,” in
Those Who Forget the Past: The Question of Anti-Semitism
, ed. Ron Rosenbaum (New York: Random House, 2004), 135–144.

³
Jonathan Rosen, “The Uncomfortable Question of Antisemitism,”
The New York Times
, November 4, 2001.

⁴
Thomas L. Friedman, “Global Village Idiocy,”
The New York Times
, May 12, 2002.

⁵
“Report of the All-Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Antisemitism,” (London: The Stationery Office, 2006), 63.

⁶
Marie Brenner, “France’s Scarlet Letter,” in
Those Who Forget the Past: The Question of Anti-Semitism
, ed. Ron Rosenbaum (New York: Random House, 2004), 220.

¹
Meyer Levin,
In Search
(New York: Horizon Press, 1950), 232–233.

²
Susannah Heschel, “Introduction,” in Abraham Joshua Heschel,
Moral Grandeur and Spiritual Audacity
, ed. Susannah Heschel (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1996), viii–ix.

^*
History has been recorded with the use of many calendars, but the one that is most widely used today is based on a Christian calculation (probably several years off) of the birth of Jesus. The method of dating in relation to that event now uses the terms
Common Era
, or
CE
, for the time after Jesus’s birth and
BCE
for the years before the Common Era.

¹
Peter Schäfer,
Judeophobia: Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), 123.

²
Philo,
Against Flaccus
, 66–68, quoted in Joseph Mélèze Modrzejewski,
The Jews of Egypt from Ramses II to Emperor Hadrian
, trans. Robert Cornman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1995), 148.

³
Contra Apionem
, trans. H. St. J. Thackeray, LCL, 2: 91–96 in Schäfer,
Judeophobia
, 63–4.

⁴
London Papyrus VI 1912, CP Jud., 2:153, lines 73–104, quoted in Modrzejewski,
The Jews of Egypt from Ramses II to Emperor Hadrian
, 182.

⁵
William Whiston, trans., “The Wars of the Jews,” in Flavius Josephus,
The Complete Works of Josephus
(Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1960), 581.

¹
Dio Cassius, 37.17, quoted in Robert L. Wilken,
John Chrysostom and the Jews: Rhetoric and Reality in the Late 4th Century
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), 47–48.

²
“Edict of Milan (313 A. D.), Lactantius, De Mort. Pers., ch. 48. Opera, ed. O. F. Fritzsche, II, p. 288 sq. (Bibl. Patr. Ecc. Lat. XI). Latin,” quoted in
Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History
, vol. 4 (Philadelphia: The Department of History of the University of Pennsylvania, 1897–1907), 29.

³
“Laws of Constantine the Great, October 18, 315: Concerning Jews, Heaven-Worshippers, And Samaritans” from “Jews and Later Roman Law, 315–531
CE
,”
Internet Jewish History Sourcebook
, Fordham University, Paul Halsall,
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jews-romanlaw.html
.

⁴
John Chrysostom, “Chrysostom’s Homilies Against the Jews.”

⁵
St. Jerome, quoted in Juster,
op. cit
., II, 312, in Edward H. Flannery,
The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism
, rev. ed. (New York: Stimulus, 1999), 309.

¹
Sebeos, chapter 24, quoted in S. Safrai, “The Era of the Mishnah and Talmud (70–640),” in
A History of the Jewish People
, ed. H. H. Ben-Sasson, trans. George Weidenfeld and Nicolson Ltd., 9th ed. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), 362.

²
“Muhammad’s Ordinance for Medina,”
Ibn Hish
ā
m, al-S ra al-Nabawiyya
(Cairo, 1375/1955), 1:501–504, quoted in Norman A. Stillman,
The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book
(Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1979), 115–116.

³
Ibid., 116.

⁴
Ibid., 116–117.

⁵
Ibid., 118.

⁶
“The Pact of ‘Umar,” translated from al-Turt
ū
sh,
Sir
ā
j al-Mul
ū
k
(Cairo, 1289/1872), 229–230, quoted in Stillman,
The Jews of Arab Lands
, 157–158.

⁷
Ibid.

⁸
Ab
ū
Y
ū
suf,
Kit
ā
b al-Khar
ā
j
, 3rd ed. (Cairo, 1382/1962–1963), 223–224, English translation in Bernard Lewis,
Islam
, 2:223–224, quoted in Bernard Lewis,
The Jews of Islam
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), 31.

¹
Stephen E. Sachs, “New Math: The ‘Countinghouse Theory’ and the Medieval Revival of Arithmetic” (2000),
http://www.stevesachs.com/papers/paper_90a.html
; Paul Kriwaczek, Yiddish Civili
sation: The Rise and Fall of a Forgotten Nation
(New York: Vintage Books, 2005) 72–73.

²
Quoted in Robert Chazan,
In the Year 1096: The First Crusade and the Jews
(Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1996), 6.

³
Quoted in Robert Chazan, ed.,
Church, State, and Jew in the Middle Ages
(West Orange: Behrman House, 1980), 58–59.

⁴
Robert of Rheims, “The Speech of Urban”
Historia Hierosolymitana
, “The Jeresualem History,” in RHC,
Occ
. III, trans. Munro,
Urban
, 5–8, quoted in Edward Peters, ed.,
The First Crusade: “The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres” and Other Source Materials
, 2nd ed. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), 28.