59 Seconds: Think a Little, Change a Lot (35 page)

3.
Oettingen, G., & Mayer, D. (2002). The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83
, 1198–1212.

4.
Deutsch, M., & Gerard, H. B. (1955). A study of normative and information social influences upon individual judgement.
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51
, 629–636.

5.
Hayes, S. C., Rosenfarb, I., Wolfert, E., Munt, E., Korn, Z., & Zettle, R. D. (1985). Self-reinforcement effects: An artifact of social setting?
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18
(3), 201–214.

6.
Schnall, S., Harber, K. D., Stefanucci, J. K., & Proffitt, D. R. (2008). Social support and the perception of geographical slant.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(5)
, 1246–1255.

7.
Gura, T (December 2008). Procrastinating again? How to kick the habit.
Scientific American Mind
, 65–74.

8.
Zeigarnik, B. V. (1927). Über das Behalten von erledigten und unerledigten Handlungen [The retention of completed and uncompleted activities].
Psychologische Forschung, 9
, 1–85.

9.
Fritzsche, B. A., Young, B. R., & Hickson, K. C. (2003). Individual differences in academic procrastination tendency and writing success.
Personality and Individuality Differences, 35
(7), 1549–1557.

10.
Zeigarnik, A. V. (2007). Bluma Zeigarnik: A memoir.
Gestalt Theory, 29
(3), 256–268.

11.
See, for example, Singer, R. N., Symons Downs, D., Bouchard, L., & de la Pena, D. (2001). The influence of a process versus an outcome orientation on tennis performance and knowledge.
Journal of Sport Behavior, 24
, 213–222. Kingston, K. M., & Hardy, L. (1997). Effects of different types of goals on processes that support performance.
Sport Psychology, 11
, 277–293.

12.
Libby, L. K., Shaeffer, E. M., Eibach, R. P., & Slemmer, J. A. (2007). Picture yourself at the polls: Visual perspective in mental imagery affects self-perception and behavior.
Psychological Science, 18
, 199–203.

13.
Oettingen, G., Pak, H., & Schnetter, K. (2001). Self-regulation of goal setting: Turning free fantasies about the future into binding goals.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80
, 736–753.

14.
Oettingen, G. (2000). Expectancy effects on behavior depend on self-regulatory thought.
Social Cognition, 18
, 101–129.

15.
Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2002). Self-regulation of goal pursuit: Turning hope thoughts into behavior.
Psychological Inquiry, 13
, 304–307.

16.
Wansink, B., Painter, J. E., & North, J. (2005). Bottomless bowls: Why visual cues of portion size may influence intake.
Obesity Research, 13(1)
, 93–100.

17.
See, for example, Stuart, R. B. (1967). Behavioral control of overeating.
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5
, 357–365.

18.
Martin, C. K., Anton, S. D., Walden, H., Arnett, C., Greenway, F. L., & Williamson, D. A. (2007). Slower eating rate reduces the food intake of men, but not women: Implications for behavioural weight control.
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45
, 2349–2359.

19.
Wansink, B., & van Ittersum, K. (2005). Shape of glass and amount of alcohol poured: Comparative study of the effect of practice and concentration.
British Medical Journal, 331
, 1512–1514.

20.
Painter, J. E., Wansink, B., & Hieggelke, J. B. (2002). How visibility and convenience influence candy consumption.
Appetite, 38
(3), 237–238. Wansink, B., Painter, J. E., & Lee, Y. K. (2006). The office candy dish: Proximity’s influence on estimated and actual candy consumption.
International Journal of Obesity, 30
(5), 871–875.

21.
Chandon, P., & Wansink, B. (2002). When are stockpiled products consumed faster? A convenience-salience framework of post-purchase consumption incidence and
quantity. Journal of Marketing Research, 39
(3), 321–335.

22.
Wansink, B., & Park, S. (2001). At the movies: How external cues and perceived taste impact consumption volume.
Food Quality and Preference, 12(1)
, 69–74.

23.
Bellisle, F., & Dalix A.M. (2001). Cognitive restraint can be offset by distraction, leading to increased meal intake in women.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74
, 197–200.

24.
Wansink, B., van Ittersum, K., & Painter, J. E. (2006). Ice cream illusions: Bowl size, spoon size, and self-served portion sizes.
American Journal of

25.
Preventative Medicine, 31
(3), 240–243.

26.
Geier, A. B., Rozin, P., & Doros, G. (2006). Unit bias: A new heuristic that helps explain the effect of portion size on food intake.
Psychological Science, 17
, 521–525.

27.
Hollis, J. F., Gullion, C. M., Stevens, V. J., et al. (2008). Weight loss during the intensive intervention phase of the weight-loss maintenance trial.
American Journal of Preventable Medicine, 35
, 118–126.

28.
Abraham, C., & Sheeran, P. (2004). Deciding to exercise: The role of anticipated regret.
British Journal of Health Psychology, 9
, 269–278.

29.
Martin Ginis, K. A., Burke, S. M., & Gauvin, L. (2007). Exercising with others exacerbates the negative effects of mirrored environments on sedentary women’s feeling states.
Psychology and Health, 22
, 945–962.

30.
Sentyrz, S. M., & Bushman, B. J. (1998). Mirror, mirror on the wall, who’s the thinnest one of all? Effects of self-awareness on consumption of fatty, reduced-fat, and fat-free products.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 83
, 944–949.

31.
Coelho do Vale, R., Pieters, R., & Zeelenberg, M. (2008). Flying under the radar: Perverse package size effects on consumption self-regulation.
Journal of Consumer Research, 35
(3), 380–390.

32.
Jonas, E., Schimel, J., & Greenberg, J. (2002). The Scrooge effect: Evidence that mortality salience increases prosocial attitudes and behavior.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28
, 1342–1353.

33. Peterson, C. (2006).
A primer in positive psychology
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

CREATIVITY

1.
Osborn, A. F. (1957).
Applied imagination
. New York: Scribner.

2.
Mullen, B., Johnson, C., & Salas, E. (1991). Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: A meta-analytic integration.
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 12
, 3–23.

3.
Ringelmann, M. (1913). Recherches sur les moteurs animés: Travail de
l’homme. Annales de l’Institut National Argonomique, 12
, 1–40.

4.
Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1993) Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65
, 681–706.

5.
For a review of this work, see Latané, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979). Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37
(6), 822–832.

6.
Smith, S. M. (2002). Getting into and out of mental ruts: A theory of fixation, incubation, and insight. In R. J. Sternberg and J. E. Davidson (Eds.),
The nature of insight
. (pp. 229–251). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

7.
Dijksterhuis, A., & Meurs, T (2006). Where creativity resides: The generative power of unconscious thought.
Consciousness and Cognition, 15
, 135–146.

8.
Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery.
Science 224
, 420–421.

9.
Moore, E. O. (1982). A prison environments effect on health care service
demands. Journal of Environmental Systems, 11(1)
, 17–34.

10.
Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W C. (2001). Environment and crime in the inner city: Does vegetation reduce crime?
Environment and Behavior, 33
, 343–365.

11.
Taylor, A. F., Wiley, A., Kuo, F E., & Sullivan, W C. (1998). Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow.
Environment and Behavior, 30
, 3–27.

12.
Elliot, A. J., Maier, M. A., Moller, A. C., Friedman, R., & Meinhardt, J. (2007). Color and psychological functioning: The effect of red on performance in achievement contexts.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136
, 154–168.

13.
Kahnjr, P., Friedman, B., Gill, B., Hagman, J., Severson, R., Freier, N., et al. (2008). A plasma display window: The shifting baseline problem in a technologically mediated natural world.
Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28
, 192–199.

14.
Nemeth, C. J., & Ormiston, M. (2007). Creative idea generation: Harmony versus stimulation.
European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(3)
, 524–535.

15.
Choi, H-S., & Thompson, L. (2005). Old wine in a new bottle: Impact of membership change on group creativity.
Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 98
, 121–132.

16.
Dijksterhuis, A., & van Knippenberg, A. (1998). The relation between perception and behavior, or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74
(4), 865–877.