5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition (7 page)

(C) constructive memory

(D) retroactive interference

(E) proactive interference

35.
According to the drive reduction theory, the aim of drive reduction is

(A) raising motivation

(B) homeostasis

(C) incentive

(D) to maintain a tension state

(E) to increase arousal

36.
After Madison got home from the buffet (at which she stuffed herself), she went to the bathroom and made herself throw up. She does this every time she binges on food. She thinks about food a lot, craves chocolate, and would be considered of average weight. Madison is most likely suffering from

(A) anorexia nervosa

(B) bulimia nervosa

(C) set point depression

(D) dysmenorrhea

(E) type A behavior

37.
Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience best characterize

(A) the two factor theory

(B) motives

(C) incentives

(D) drives

(E) emotions

38.
Physiological arousal is characterized by which of the following?

(A) contracted pupils and increased perspiration

(B) slowed digestion and accelerated heartbeat

(C) increased respiration and increased salivation

(D) contracted pupils and increased heartbeat

(E) dilated pupils and speeded digestion

39.
Of the following, which means of communication is the most universal?

(A) English language

(B) hand gestures

(C) facial expressions

(D) vocal intonation

(E) bowing

40.
A person with X, X, and Y sex chromosomes must be

(A) heterosexual

(B) homosexual

(C) bisexual

(D) male

(E) female

41.
According to Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, the upper limit of a child’s zone of proximal development is the level at which the child can

(A) solve a problem only with the help of a skilled instructor

(B) solve a difficult problem working alone

(C) recognize that the volume of a liquid stays the same whether it is in a tall, narrow container or short, wide container

(D) use metacognitive skills to solve a problem

(E) perform logical deductions

42.
Chemicals that cause birth defects are

(A) morphogenic

(B) homophobic

(C) homeostatic

(D) teratogenic

(E) pathogenic

43.
Which controversy deals with the question of whether development is a gradual, cumulative change or a sequence of distinct stages?

(A) nature versus nurture

(B) continuity versus discontinuity

(C) stability versus change

(D) evolution versus creationism

(E) individualism versus collectivism

44.
Darren is a happily married man who is a successful nursery school teacher. According to traditionalists, he has adopted the wrong

(A) gender

(B) gender identity

(C) gender role

(D) sex

(E) sexual orientation

45.
Freud’s personality construct that contains psychic energy to power all personality systems and is guided by the pleasure principle is the

(A) id

(B) ego

(C) superego

(D) libido

(E) collective unconscious

46.
After Rowena’s boyfriend broke up with her, Rowena had a hot fudge sundae with four scoops of ice cream and whipped cream on top. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

(A) projection

(B) rationalization

(C) reaction formation

(D) regression

(E) displacement

47.
Aurora enjoys playing with her young nieces and nephews because they always laugh and tell her how much fun she is. So Aurora goes out of her way to visit them. Her behavior is best explained by

(A) Sternberg’s triarchic theory

(B) Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory

(C) Hering’s opponent process theory

(D) the halo effect

(E) Bandura’s reciprocal determinism theory

48.
Rolf is very reserved, is inner-directed, would rather be alone than with lots of people, rarely displays emotions, and is level-headed in an emergency. On Hans Eysenck’s dimensions of personality, Rolf would be

(A) high on extroversion and high on psychoticism

(B) high on neuroticism and high on psychoticism

(C) high on extroversion and low on neuroticism

(D) low on extroversion and high on neuroticism

(E) low on extroversion and low on neuroticism

49.
The Rorschach inkblot test is

(A) a personality inventory

(B) used to fingerprint suspects

(C) an aptitude test

(D) an achievement test

(E) a projective personality test

50.
In a normal distribution

(A) the range is always the same

(B) the standard deviation is equal to the range

(C) the standard deviation equals about 34%

(D) the median is equal to the mode

(E) the mean is equal to the standard deviation

51.
Peter Salovey and John Mayer’s concept of emotional intelligence is most similar to which of Howard Gardner’s intelligences?

(A) analytic and practical

(B) naturalist and existential

(C) interpersonal and intrapersonal

(D) bodily/kinesthetic and verbal/linguistic

(E) spatial and logical

52.
All good achievement tests should have

   I. content validity

  II. predictive validity

III. reliability

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, and III

53.
All polar bears appear to have a white coat at birth. In warmer climates about 25% appear to have yellow or green coats as they age because of algae growing on them. The heritability of the white coat phenotype is

(A) 0%

(B) 25%

(C) 50%

(D) 75%

(E) 100%

54.
According to Claude Steele, self-fulfilling prophecy might account for the poorer performance of African Americans on intelligence tests and girls on mathematics achievement tests because of

(A) generalized anxiety disorder

(B) stereotype threat

(C) neuroticism

(D) the primacy effect

(E) psychological profiling

55.
Although your friend thinks there is nothing wrong with her, you are concerned with her behavior of unplugging every electrical item in her house every time she leaves, including all lamps, radios, the television, toaster, clocks, and telephones. Her behavior might be considered abnormal because

(A) she doesn’t know right from wrong

(B) it is atypical and violates cultural norms

(C) she thinks it interferes with her everyday life

(D) it is insane

(E) it is dangerous

56.
Which of the following perspectives attributes abnormal behavior to failure to resolve unconscious conflicts?

(A) biological

(B) behavioral

(C) psychoanalytic

(D) humanistic

(E) evolutionary

57.
Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by

(A) unwarranted suspiciousness and mistrust of other people

(B) lack of interest in social relationships

(C) a grandiose sense of one’s own importance

(D) instability revolving around problems of mood and thought processes

(E) pleasure-seeking, shallow feelings, lack of conscience

58.
David thought he heard a dog telling him to kill people. Hearing the dog talking is an example of

(A) a hallucination

(B) a delusion

(C) inappropriate affect

(D) incoherent speech

(E) palsy

59.
The American Psychiatric Association’s
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSMIV-TR)

(A) is meant to be used by psychiatrists, but not psychologists

(B) describes the causes of a variety of mental disorders

(C) explains why homosexuality should be considered a mental disorder

(D) contains case illustrations to help diagnosticians identify a client’s disorder

(E) defines categories of mental disorders in terms of symptoms

60.
Which is a behavioral therapy that has proven successful in treating phobias?

(A) electroconvulsive shock treatment

(B) group therapy

(C) psychosurgery

(D) systematic desensitization

(E) rational emotive therapy

61.
Psychoanalytic therapy and humanistic therapy differ in that psychoanalytic therapy focuses on

(A) the present and humanistic therapy focuses on the future

(B) subconscious and preconscious thoughts and humanistic therapy focuses on conscious thoughts

(C) curing illness and humanistic therapy focuses on preventing illness

(D) fixations and humanistic therapy focuses on insight

(E) probing past feelings and humanistic therapy focuses on exploring feelings as they occur

62.
Clients who drink too much alcohol are sometimes treated with a drug that causes nausea if the client consumes alcohol. This type of therapy is known as

(A) systematic desensitization

(B) progressive relaxation

(C) client centered therapy

(D) aversive conditioning

(E) psychodynamic therapy

63.
Light therapy, consisting of exposure to bright light in the morning, has been successful in relieving symptoms of

(A) dissociative amnesia

(B) seasonal affective disorder

(C) disorganized schizophrenia

(D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

(E) Alzheimer’s disease

64.
Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil help elevate mood by

(A) increasing the availability of serotonin to post synaptic neurons

(B) decreasing the availability of norepinephrine to post synaptic neurons

(C) facilitating reuptake of serotonin

(D) acting as agonists of dopamine

(E) preventing reuptake of dopamine

65.
A college professor asked a biology teacher to let a college student observe her teaching for one period. After the student observed the teacher, the professor asked the teacher to accept the student as a student teacher for 10 weeks. She agreed. The strategy the professor used to get the teacher to agree is called

(A) cognitive dissonance

(B) foot-in-the-door phenomenon

(C) obedience to authority

(D) normative social influence

(E) conformity

66.
As part of each lab, Ms. Geraci requires her students to wash their glassware so it is clean for the next class. She has found that the glassware is cleaner when students wash it in full view of their classmates. This is best explained by

(A) deindividuation

(B) the mere exposure effect

(C) social facilitation

(D) social loafing

(E) superordinate goals

67.
In Heartsaver AED training, the American Heart Association teaches rescuers to direct specific people standing around the victim to do specific jobs, such as calling 911. Directing specific people to perform these jobs prevents

(A) the victim from dying

(B) people from feeling scared

(C) group polarization

(D) the bystander effect

(E) a social trap

68.
According to group polarization studies, after Mary and Marie (who are strongly in favor of the death penalty) discuss the issue with Lisa and Liza (who are strongly opposed to the death penalty), it is likely that

(A) all of them will be more strongly in favor of the death penalty

(B) all of them will be more strongly opposed to the death penalty

(C) Mary and Marie will be more strongly in favor of the death penalty than before, and Lisa and Liza will be more strongly opposed to the death penalty than before

(D) Mary and Marie will be less strongly in favor of the death penalty, and Lisa and Liza will be less strongly opposed to the death penalty

(E) Mary and Marie will be opposed to the death penalty, and Lisa and Liza will be in favor of the death penalty

69.
The field of psychology that examines how the behavior and subjective experiences of individuals are influenced by other people is

(A) sociobiology

(B) sociology

(C) social psychology

(D) social anthropology

(E) psychopathology

70.
According to evolutionary psychologists, in making a decision to help in life-or-death situations, most people will choose to help

(A) cousins sooner than siblings

(B) ill people rather than healthy people

(C) poor people rather than wealthy people

(D) close friends rather than close relatives

(E) sisters in their 20s rather than mothers in their 50s

SECTION II
Time—22 minutes

Directions:
Read the following question and then write your response on a separate sheet of paper. According to the College Board directions, “It is not enough to answer a question by merely listing facts. You should present a cogent argument based on your critical analysis of the question posed, using appropriate psychological terminology.”

A controversy in psychology about which psychologists have differing views is continuity versus discontinuity. Describe what is meant by continuity versus discontinuity. Explain how theories of cognitive development and personality development support each side of the controversy.

END OF DIAGNOSTIC EXAM