5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition (6 page)

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Diagnostic Exam in AP Psychology

ANSWER SHEET

The Diagnostic/Master Exam

SECTION I
Time–49 minutes
70 Questions

Directions:
Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.

1.
The evolutionary approach emphasizes changes in behavior

(A) resulting from cloning

(B) resulting from changes in chromosome number

(C) on the species level

(D) within cultural groups

(E) that show how behavior of monkeys compares to behavior of people

2.
Which approach emphasizes the nature of people to maximize their own potential?

(A) biological

(B) behavioral

(C) cognitive

(D) humanistic

(E) sociocultural

3.
Which of the following psychologists is best trained to treat people with schizophrenia?

(A) counseling

(B) clinical

(C) developmental

(D) psychometric

(E) health

4.
As part of a research study, Sanjay is asked to fill out a 30-question form about his study habits. Which of the following research methods does this characterize?

(A) controlled experiment

(B) quasi-experiment

(C) naturalistic observation

(D) survey

(E) clinical

5.
Why can’t a controlled experiment be designed to answer the question, “Do boys have higher self-esteem than girls?”

(A) Random selection is not possible.

(B) Random assignment is not possible.

(C) A population cannot be defined.

(D) Self-esteem cannot be operationalized.

(E) Informed consent cannot be obtained.

6.
Which of the following graphs would best picture correlational data about the relationship between scores on the first psychology test and final exam in psychology for Mr. Sochet’s third-period class?

(A) a frequency polygon

(B) a histogram

(C) a line graph

(D) a box plot

(E) a scatterplot

7.
Which of the following is the same for these two sets of data?

Set 1: 1, 7, 5, 9, 3

Set 2: 2, 5, 6, 5, 7

   I. mean

  II. median

III. mode

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and II only

(E) I, II, III

8.
Which measure of variability provides the most meaningful information about the following set of scores?

Set of scores: 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 17, 32

(A) mean

(B) median

(C) mode

(D) range

(E) standard deviation

9.
Which of the following technologies enables psychologists to visualize brain function?

(A) EEG and EKG

(B) CAT and MRI

(C) EKG and PET

(D) PET and CAT

(E) fMRI and PET

10.
Which of the following nervous systems work
in opposition to each other?

(A) central and peripheral

(B) somatic and autonomic

(C) sympathetic and parasympathetic

(D) central and sympathetic

(E) somatic and peripheral

11.
The unit of structure and function of the human nervous system is the

(A) neuron

(B) nerve

(C) axon

(D) reflex arc

(E) brain

12.
Hormones most closely associated with stress are produced by the

(A) thyroid

(B) parathyroids

(C) pineal

(D) adrenals

(E) thalamus

13.
The part of the brain most closely associated with regulation of hunger, thirst, and body temperature is the

(A) left frontal lobe

(B) right frontal lobe

(C) amygdala

(D) cerebellum

(E) hypothalamus

14.
As a result of injury to her brain, Starla no longer can understand what people say to her, although she hears them. The region of the cerebral cortex most likely injured is her

(A) left temporal lobe

(B) left frontal lobe

(C) right frontal lobe

(D) right parietal lobe

(E) right occipital lobe

15.
Chemical energy is transduced to the electrochemical energy of neural impulses at the

(A) cochlea

(B) retina

(C) olfactory mucosa

(D) semi-circular canals

(E) ganglion cells

16.
Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup can result in

(A) conduction deafness

(B) sensorineural deafness

(C) blindness

(D) color blindness

(E) loss in taste sensation

17.
Although Hannah could barely hear the person on the other side of Maya whisper, Maya couldn’t hear him at all. For hearing, compared to Maya, Hannah has a

(A) lower absolute threshold

(B) lower difference threshold

(C) higher absolute threshold

(D) higher difference threshold

(E) lower tolerance

18.
If you stand on one foot and close your eyes, which of the following senses prevents you from falling?

(A) gustatory

(B) olfactory

(C) kinesthetic

(D) somatosensory

(E) visual

19.
Which depth cue best explains that we are able to perceive a tall building to be in front of hills about a mile away?

(A) interposition

(B) texture gradient

(C) retinal disparity

(D) convergence

(E) the phi phenomenon

20.
Alpha and beta waves are characteristic of

(A) conscious awareness

(B) stage 2 sleep

(C) stage 3 sleep

(D) stage 4 sleep

(E) REM sleep

21.
Monitoring by a hidden observer provides evidence for which theory of hypnosis?

(A) dissociation

(B) state

(C) diathesis-stress

(D) place

(E) activation-synthesis

22.
Which of the following are stimulants?

(A) methamphetamine and codeine

(B) caffeine and morphine

(C) nicotine and cocaine

(D) alcohol and benzedrine

(E) marijuana and LSD

23.
Which of the following is the result of learning?

(A) Salmon swim upstream in order to spawn.

(B) A neonate cries immediately after birth.

(C) A man blinks when a puff of air is blown into his eyes.

(D) A boy cringes when he sees lightning.

(E) A girl falls asleep when she feels tired.

24.
In classical conditioning, between what two factors is a new association formed?

(A) reinforcer and unconditioned stimulus

(B) reinforcer and unconditioned response

(C) reinforcer and conditioned response

(D) unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus

(E) unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response

25.
Although the pigeon was trained to peck at a yellow light, it pecks at green, red, and orange lights too. This behavior indicates the pecking behavior has been

(A) discriminated

(B) generalized

(C) extinguished

(D) spontaneously recovered

(E) punished

26.
When alarms on timers started going off in the back of the classroom, students were distracted, but the teacher continued lecturing. As more alarms went off, one student got up, and the teacher nodded. The student walked toward the back of the room and the teacher nodded. The student turned the alarms off and the teacher thanked him. What operant conditioning process does this best illustrate?

(A) shaping

(B) generalization

(C) discrimination

(D) extinction

(E) omission training

27.
After Tom’s parents told him not to take his father’s car to the movies, he did anyway. As a result, his parents took away Tom’s car keys and told him he was not permitted to drive for a month. Taking away the car keys and not letting Tom drive for a month exemplifies

(A) positive reinforcement

(B) positive punishment

(C) negative reinforcement

(D) omission training

(E) insight learning

28.
JoBeth watched her mother cook dinner, then went to her room, made believe she was cooking the same dinner, and served it to her stuffed toys. JoBeth learned to cook and serve like her mother by

(A) insight learning

(B) classical conditioning

(C) operant conditioning

(D) observational learning

(E) maturation

29.
In describing a ball that is both red and big, we say, “Big red ball,” rather than, “Red big ball,” in the English language. Such a rule about word order is a specific rule of

(A) grammar

(B) syntax

(C) semantics

(D) spelling

(E) deep structure

30.
Ralph thinks senior citizens are the ones who back up traffic on parkway entrance ramps because senior citizens are hesitant drivers. Every time he sees lots of cars waiting to enter the parkway, he looks to see who is driving the front car. If a senior citizen is in the driver’s seat, he points it out to passengers in his car. Ralph is evidencing

(A) confirmation bias

(B) hindsight bias

(C) groupthink

(D) the availability heuristic

(E) the representativeness heuristic

31.
Jho remembers which wavelengths of light are shorter than others by recalling ROYGBIV. ROYGBIV is an example of

(A) a mnemonic device

(B) the method of loci

(C) the self-reference effect

(D) constructive memory

(E) the representativeness heuristic

32.
Knowing how to ride a bicycle is stored in which of our memory subsystems?

(A) explicit

(B) implicit

(C) semantic

(D) episodic

(E) declarative

33.
Rather than taking the time to check the dictionary, Vinny used “i before e, except after c” to decide the spelling of “niether” (sic). To solve his spelling problem, Vinny applied

(A) Weber’s law

(B) an algorithm

(C) the law of effect

(D) the misinformation effect

(E) a heuristic

34.
After hearing this list of words, “Night, snore, bed, tired, pillow, dark, yawn, blanket, toss, turn,” subjects were asked to write the words they heard. They frequently included the word sleep. This illustrates

(A) source amnesia

(B) procedural memory