1999 (56 page)

Falklands War,
214

first-strike vulnerability,
77
–78,
82
–83,
87
–88,
314

   SDI and,
77
,
91

   START agreement and,
93
–97,
169
–170

flanking actions,
177
–78,
184

flexible response, doctrine of,
201
–3

Ford, Gerald,
58

Foreign Economic Policy Boards,
182

foreign policy:

   capabilities of democracies in,
64
–65

   China and,
260
–62

   idealism central to,
306

   new initiatives in,
23

   for real peace,
52
–54

   Soviet-U.S. negotiations and,
172
–174

Four Modernizations,
248

France,
18
,
237
–38,
301
,
306
,
309

   NATO and,
73
,
195
–96,
204
–5,
214
–217

   Suez crisis and,
73
,
204
–5

   Third World and,
281
–82

Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia,
53

Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI),
299

Fukuda, Takeo,
226
,
252

Fuller, Lon,
320

Galloway, Joseph,
183
–84

gamesmanship, negotiation and,
170

Gandhi, Indira,
45
,
273

Gang of Four,
248
,
250

Gaza Strip,
278
–79

George III, King of England,
128

Germany, Federal Republic of (West),
195
–96,
203
,
237
–38

   China compared with,
245

   new NATO role of,
211
–12,
214
–15

   Social Democratic Party of,
200
,
211
–12

Germany, Nazi,
16
–17

Germany, Weimar Republic of,
305
–306

Ghana,
281

Gierek, Edward,
154

Glasnost,
39
–40,
47
–48,
150
,
158
,
250

Glassboro summit,
186
,
191

Golan Heights,
277

Gomulka, Wladyslav,
153
–54

González, Felipe,
196

Good Neighbor Policy,
292

Gorbachev, Mikhail,
50
,
60
,
72
,
78
,
102
,
230

   
Afghani war and,
35
–36,
138
,
140
,
142

   aggressive foreign policy of,
44
–45,
99
–100,
109

   arms-control negotiations of,
71
,
91
–93,
95
,
97
,
164
,
169
–71,
191
–192,
203
,
218

   Deng compared with,
250

   domestic policies of,
33
–35,
37
–43,
45
–48,
54
–55,
150
,
158
,
180
,
218
,
250
,
313
,
315
,
320

   Eastern European satellites and,
150
–51

   emergence of,
26
–27,
65

   as formidable adversary,
29
–33

   goals of,
47
,
54
–55

   internal and external obstacles to,
34
–37,
41
–43,
157

   NATO and,
200
,
207
–8,
211
,
218

   negotiating skills of,
162
,
164
–65,
169
–70,
172
,
175
,
184
,
188
–89

   sincerity of,
54

   trade negotiations and,
180
–81,
218

Gottfried, Paul Edward,
303

Grant, Ulysses S.,
172

Great Britain,
18
,
237
–38,
305
–6

   China and,
259

   Labour Party of,
200

   NATO and,
73
,
195
–96,
200
,
206
,
217
,
219

   Suez crisis and,
73
,
204
–5

   Third World and,
265
,
268
,
272
–273

   U.S. covert assistance to,
111
–12

Great Leap Forward,
242
,
248
,
254

Grenada, U.S. invasion of,
20

Gruenther, Alfred,
73

Gunga Din
(Kipling),
265

Haig, Alexander, Jr.,
204

Han Xu,
249
–50

Hegedüs, András,
148
–49

Helsinki accords,
55
,
167

Hirohito, Emperor of Japan,
236

Hitler, Adolf,
16
,
49
,
52
,
114
,
157
,
301
,
305

Honduras, contra base camps in,
133
,
135

Hong Kong,
259
,
268
–69

Hoover, Herbert,
242

Houphouet-Boigny, Felix,
281
–82

House of Representatives, U.S.,
see
Congress, U.S.

Howard, Michael,
200

Hoxha, Enver,
154

Hua Guofeng,
244

human rights issues,
33
,
47

   linking arms-control agreements to,
179
–80

   as negotiable,
166
–67

   Sandinistas and,
134

   Third World and,
298

Hungary,
153
–54

   Soviet invasion of,
147
–49,
205

Hussein ibn Talal, King of Jordan,
56

Hu Yaobang,
251
,
253

ideological power:

   in Eastern Europe,
101
–2,
151
–53

   in Soviet Union,
155
–56,
158
–59

   Soviet-U.S. competition and,
101
–2

   U.S. influence derived from,
305
–6,
316
–18

Ikeda, Hayato,
226
,
252

India,
243
,
265

   democratic government of,
273
–74

   Pakistani feuds with,
267
,
272
–75

Indonesia,
271
–72

Indo–Pakistani war,
56
,
177

industrial pollution,
153

Industrial Revolution,
19

INF Treaty,
88
,
96
–97,
230

   NATO and,
169
–70,
210
–12

   zero-zero proposal in,
169
–70

Iran,
267

   Chinese arms deals with,
260
–61

   Soviet-Afghani war and,
138

   Soviet-U.S. clash over,
75
,
117

   U.S. covert operations in,
109
–10

Iran-contra affair,
109
,
112
,
119
,
173
,
308

Iranian Revolution,
294
–95

Iran–Iraq war,
119
–20

Iraq,
260
–61

Islamic fundamentalism,
267

   revolutionary change and,
293
–95

Israel:

   Arab conflict with,
56
,
103
,
267
,
275
–79

   U.S. ties with,
119
,
276
–79

Italy,
16
–17,
37

Ivory Coast,
281
–82

Jackson-Vanick Amendment,
57
,
180

Japan,
16
–17,
37
,
60
,
79
,
104
,
187
,
195
,
218
,
221
–40,
266

   birth of democracy in,
222
–23

   China and,
231
,
233
,
242
,
260

   defense spending policy of,
224
,
227
–32,
234
–35,
238
–40

   economic emergence of,
221
–23,
233
–34,
308
–9,
313

   global responsibilities of,
23
,
229
,
234
–35,
238
–40

   internationalist state of mind needed by,
235
,
236
–40

   leadership of,
235
–36

   obstacles in U.S. alliance with,
236
–239

   reasons for rearmament of,
229
,
231
–32

   Self-Defense Forces of,
231

   Soviets challenged by,
35

   Soviet-U.S. negotiations and,
181

   U.S. trade imbalance with,
224
–27,
238
,
256

   in Western alliance,
223
,
226
,
229
,
235
–38,
314

Jefferson, Thomas,
305

John Paul II, Pope,
317

Johnson, Lyndon B.,
191
,
239

Johnson, Paul,
121
,
315

Johnson, Samuel,
273
–74

Joint Chiefs of Staff,
191

Jordan,
278
–79

Kadar, Janos,
154

Kahn, Herman,
310
–11

Kampelman, Max,
183

Kansai Airport project,
225

Kazakhstan,
50
,
157

Kean, Thomas,
263

Kellogg-Briand Pact,
28

Kennan, George F.,
171

Kennedy, John F.,
48
,
301

   nuclear diplomacy of,
74
,
190
–91

Khmer Rouge,
143
,
270
,
293

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah,
119
–120,
258
,
293
,
295

Khrushchev, Nikita,
29
–30,
65
,
159
,
199
,
257
,
306

   aggressive foreign policy of,
43
–45,
48

   Eastern European satellites and,
148
,
155
,
205

   Gorbachev compared with,
31
–33,
37
–38,
40
–41,
43

   nuclear diplomacy and,
73
–74,
77
,
190
–91

   in Soviet-U.S. negotiations,
175
,
190
–91

Kim Il-Sung,
269

King, Martin Luther, Jr.,
281

Kipling, Rudyard,
265

Kirk, Russell,
319

Kishi, Nobusuke,
226

Kissinger, Henry,
44

   Arab–Israeli conflict and,
276
,
278

   as negotiator,
177
,
183

Kissinger Commission,
292

Kitchen Debate,
306

Kohl, Helmut,
35

Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North),
105
,
269

Korea, Republic of (South):

   Chinese relations with,
260

   economic success of,
268
–69

   Japan and,
231
,
233
–34

   political freedom in,
268
–69

Korean War,
73
–74,
103
,
105
,
262

Koslov, Frol,
306

Krauthammer, Charles,
45
–46

Krishna Menon, V. K.,
73

Kuznetsov, A. A.,
77

Laos,
244

Latin America,
286
–92

   poverty in,
290
–91

   trade needed by,
291
–92

   
see also specific countries

League of Nations,
21
,
28

leaks,
112
–13,
218

Lebanon, U.S. hostages in,
109

Lee Kwan Yew,
269
,
300

   on China,
22
–23,
249

   on Japan,
23
–24,
235

Lenin, V. I.,
33
,
50
,
154
,
182
,
270

Liberia,
281

Libya, U.S. raid on,
20
,
206

Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
193

Lincoln, Abraham,
172
,
305
,
317

linkage,
178
–80,
184
,
218
–19

Locke, John,
303

Long March,
247
–48

Lon Nol,
122

MacArthur, Douglas,
24
,
222
,
236