1848 (64 page)
Authors: Mike Rapport
14
Ibid., pp. 64-5.
Ibid., pp. 64-5.
15
Quoted in S. J. Woolf,
A History of Italy 1700-1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change
(London: Routledge, 1991), p. 227.
Quoted in S. J. Woolf,
A History of Italy 1700-1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change
(London: Routledge, 1991), p. 227.
17
Quoted in ibid., p. 10.
Quoted in ibid., p. 10.
22
Quoted in ibid., pp. 35-6.
Quoted in ibid., pp. 35-6.
23
Quoted in L. Riall,
Garibaldi: Invention of a Hero
(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 10.
Quoted in L. Riall,
Garibaldi: Invention of a Hero
(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 10.
27
Ibid., p. 50.
Ibid., p. 50.
28
Ibid., p. 31-2; Carr,
Romantic Exiles
, p. 29; J. Ridley,
Garibaldi
(London: Phoenix, 2001), pp. 105-6.
Ibid., p. 31-2; Carr,
Romantic Exiles
, p. 29; J. Ridley,
Garibaldi
(London: Phoenix, 2001), pp. 105-6.
30
Quoted in D. Blackbourn,
The Fontana History of Germany 1780-1918: The Long Nineteenth Century
(London: Fontana, 1997), p. 128.
Quoted in D. Blackbourn,
The Fontana History of Germany 1780-1918: The Long Nineteenth Century
(London: Fontana, 1997), p. 128.
33
M. Price,
The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions 1814-1848
(London: Pan Macmillan, 2007), pp. 165-71.
M. Price,
The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions 1814-1848
(London: Pan Macmillan, 2007), pp. 165-71.
34
F. Crouzet, âFrench Economic Growth in the Nineteenth Century Reconsidered',
History
, vol. 59 (1974), pp. 167-79.
F. Crouzet, âFrench Economic Growth in the Nineteenth Century Reconsidered',
History
, vol. 59 (1974), pp. 167-79.
35
J. Harsin,
Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848
(New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 101-2.
J. Harsin,
Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848
(New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 101-2.
36
Quoted in T. E. B. Howarth,
Citizen-King: The Life of Louis-Philippe, King of the French
(London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1961), p. 229.
Quoted in T. E. B. Howarth,
Citizen-King: The Life of Louis-Philippe, King of the French
(London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1961), p. 229.
38
Quoted in R. J. Goldstein,
Political Repression in Nineteenth-Century Europe
(London: Croom Helm, 1983), p. 148.
Quoted in R. J. Goldstein,
Political Repression in Nineteenth-Century Europe
(London: Croom Helm, 1983), p. 148.
40
Extracts in D. Beales and E. F. Biagini,
The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy
, 2nd edn (Harlow: Pearson Education, 2002), pp. 229-33.
Extracts in D. Beales and E. F. Biagini,
The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy
, 2nd edn (Harlow: Pearson Education, 2002), pp. 229-33.
44
J. Droz,
Les Révolutions Allemandes de 1848
(Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1957), pp. 106-7.
J. Droz,
Les Révolutions Allemandes de 1848
(Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1957), pp. 106-7.
45
J. Polišenský,
Aristocrats and the Crowd in the Revolutionary Year 1848: A Contribution to the History of the Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Austria
(Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1980), p. 39.
J. Polišenský,
Aristocrats and the Crowd in the Revolutionary Year 1848: A Contribution to the History of the Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Austria
(Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1980), p. 39.
46
Quoted in L. O'Boyle, âThe Problem of an Excess of Educated Men in Western Europe, 1800-1850',
Journal of Modern History
, vol. 42 (1970), p. 488.
Quoted in L. O'Boyle, âThe Problem of an Excess of Educated Men in Western Europe, 1800-1850',
Journal of Modern History
, vol. 42 (1970), p. 488.
48
S. Z. Pech, âCzech Peasantry in 1848', in M. Rechcigl, Jr.,
Czechoslovakia Past and Present
(The Hague and Paris: Mouton, 1968), pp. 1277-9.
S. Z. Pech, âCzech Peasantry in 1848', in M. Rechcigl, Jr.,
Czechoslovakia Past and Present
(The Hague and Paris: Mouton, 1968), pp. 1277-9.
49
J.-P. Himka,
Galician Villagers and the Ukrainian National Movement in the Nineteenth Century
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988), pp. 2-3, 11, 13-14.
J.-P. Himka,
Galician Villagers and the Ukrainian National Movement in the Nineteenth Century
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988), pp. 2-3, 11, 13-14.
52
Ibid., p. 39.
Ibid., p. 39.
53
Quoted in W. H. Sewell,
Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labour from the Old Regime to 1848
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 224.
Quoted in W. H. Sewell,
Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labour from the Old Regime to 1848
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 224.
54
Quoted in L. Chevalier,
Labouring Classes and Dangerous Classes: Paris during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973), p. 206.
Quoted in L. Chevalier,
Labouring Classes and Dangerous Classes: Paris during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973), p. 206.
56
Quoted in R. J. W. Evans,
Death in Hamburg: Society and Politics in the Cholera Years, 1830-1910
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 119.
Quoted in R. J. W. Evans,
Death in Hamburg: Society and Politics in the Cholera Years, 1830-1910
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 119.
60
Quoted in L. Namier,
1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals
(London: Oxford University Press, 1946), p. 5.
Quoted in L. Namier,
1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals
(London: Oxford University Press, 1946), p. 5.
63
S. Kieniewicz,
The Emancipation of the Polish Peasantry
(Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1969), pp. 113-26.
S. Kieniewicz,
The Emancipation of the Polish Peasantry
(Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1969), pp. 113-26.
Â
Â
CHAPTER 2
2
D. Beales and E. F. Biagini,
The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy
, 2nd edn (Harlow: Longman, 2002), pp. 87-8; Ward,
1848
, p. 118.
D. Beales and E. F. Biagini,
The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy
, 2nd edn (Harlow: Longman, 2002), pp. 87-8; Ward,
1848
, p. 118.
4
P. Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin and the Venetian Revolution of 1848-49
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp. 67-80.
P. Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin and the Venetian Revolution of 1848-49
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp. 67-80.
5
D. Mack Smith,
A History of Sicily: Modern Sicily after 1713
(London: Chatto and Windus, 1968), pp. 415-18; S. J. Woolf,
A History of Italy 1700-1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change
(London: Routledge, 1991), pp. 373-5; D. Mack Smith (ed),
The Making of Italy 1796-1870
(London: Macmillan, 1968), pp. 126-35.
D. Mack Smith,
A History of Sicily: Modern Sicily after 1713
(London: Chatto and Windus, 1968), pp. 415-18; S. J. Woolf,
A History of Italy 1700-1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change
(London: Routledge, 1991), pp. 373-5; D. Mack Smith (ed),
The Making of Italy 1796-1870
(London: Macmillan, 1968), pp. 126-35.
6
A. Herzen,
Letters from France and Italy 1847-1851
, trans. J. E. Zimmerman (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995), pp. 98, 100.
A. Herzen,
Letters from France and Italy 1847-1851
, trans. J. E. Zimmerman (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995), pp. 98, 100.
7
G. Pepe,
Histoire des révolutions et des guerres d'Italie en 1847, 1848 et 1849
, 3 vols (Paris, 1850), i, pp. 14-15.
G. Pepe,
Histoire des révolutions et des guerres d'Italie en 1847, 1848 et 1849
, 3 vols (Paris, 1850), i, pp. 14-15.
9
Herzen,
Letters from France and Italy
, p. 87; Count de Liedekerke de Beaufort in Beales and Biagini,
Risorgimento
, pp. 239-40.
Herzen,
Letters from France and Italy
, p. 87; Count de Liedekerke de Beaufort in Beales and Biagini,
Risorgimento
, pp. 239-40.
11
Archives Nationales, Paris [hereafter AN], BB/30/296 (Jacques Richard's testimony).
Archives Nationales, Paris [hereafter AN], BB/30/296 (Jacques Richard's testimony).
13
Ibid., p. 100.
Ibid., p. 100.
14
Ibid., p. 101.
Ibid., p. 101.
16
J. Harsin,
Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848
(New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 255-6.
J. Harsin,
Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848
(New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 255-6.
18
AN, BB/30/298 (dossier 9843).
AN, BB/30/298 (dossier 9843).
20
Ibid., p. 111; Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, pp. 43-5; D. Johnson,
Guizot: Aspects of French History 1787-1874
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973), pp. 258-9.
Ibid., p. 111; Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, pp. 43-5; D. Johnson,
Guizot: Aspects of French History 1787-1874
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973), pp. 258-9.
21
AN, BB/30/298 (dossier âDispositions des citoyens ayant combattu contre les troupes'); G. Duveau,
1848: The Making of a Revolution
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967), p. 30, Stern,
Histoire
, p. 122.
AN, BB/30/298 (dossier âDispositions des citoyens ayant combattu contre les troupes'); G. Duveau,
1848: The Making of a Revolution
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967), p. 30, Stern,
Histoire
, p. 122.
22
Ibid., pp. 124-5.
Ibid., pp. 124-5.
24
Ibid., pp. 60-1.
Ibid., pp. 60-1.
27
A. de Circourt,
Souvenirs d'une Mission à Berlin en 1848
, 2 vols (Paris: Picard, 1908), i, pp. 37-8.
A. de Circourt,
Souvenirs d'une Mission à Berlin en 1848
, 2 vols (Paris: Picard, 1908), i, pp. 37-8.
28
G. Flaubert,
L'Education sentimentale
[1869] (Paris: Gallimard, 1965), pp. 314-16. A very useful English version is the recent Penguin edition of
Sentimental Education
, translated by Robert Baldick and annotated by Geoffrey Wall (London, 2004).
G. Flaubert,
L'Education sentimentale
[1869] (Paris: Gallimard, 1965), pp. 314-16. A very useful English version is the recent Penguin edition of
Sentimental Education
, translated by Robert Baldick and annotated by Geoffrey Wall (London, 2004).
30
AN, BB/30/298 (dossier âDispositions des citoyens ayant combattu contre les troupes').
AN, BB/30/298 (dossier âDispositions des citoyens ayant combattu contre les troupes').
31
T. E. B. Howarth,
Citizen-King: The Life of Louis-Philippe, King of the French
(London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1961), pp. 324-34.
T. E. B. Howarth,
Citizen-King: The Life of Louis-Philippe, King of the French
(London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1961), pp. 324-34.
36
W. H. Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49: Being a History of the Late Political Movements in Vienna, Milan, Venice, and Prague
, 2 vols (New York, 1852), i, p. 96.
W. H. Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49: Being a History of the Late Political Movements in Vienna, Milan, Venice, and Prague
, 2 vols (New York, 1852), i, p. 96.
38
âDeclaration of the Heidelberg Assembly', in F. Eyck,
The Revolutions of 1848-49
(Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1972), pp. 48-50.
âDeclaration of the Heidelberg Assembly', in F. Eyck,
The Revolutions of 1848-49
(Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1972), pp. 48-50.
41
Quoted variously in ibid., p. 323; L. Deme,
The Radical Left in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
(Boulder and New York: East European Quarterly and Columbia University Press, 1976), p. 15; I. Deak,
The Lawful Revolution: Louis Kossuth and the Hungarians, 1848-1849
[1979] (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979), p. 67.
Quoted variously in ibid., p. 323; L. Deme,
The Radical Left in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
(Boulder and New York: East European Quarterly and Columbia University Press, 1976), p. 15; I. Deak,
The Lawful Revolution: Louis Kossuth and the Hungarians, 1848-1849
[1979] (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979), p. 67.
48
C. von Hügel, âThe Story of the Escape of Prince von Metternich',
National Review
, vol. 1 (1883), p. 590.
C. von Hügel, âThe Story of the Escape of Prince von Metternich',
National Review
, vol. 1 (1883), p. 590.
49
Ibid., p. 589.
Ibid., p. 589.
57
Quoted in G. Spira,
A Hungarian Count in the Revolution of 1848
(Budapest: Akadèmai Kiadó, 1974), p. 67.
Quoted in G. Spira,
A Hungarian Count in the Revolution of 1848
(Budapest: Akadèmai Kiadó, 1974), p. 67.
58
L. Deme, âThe First Soldiers of the Hungarian Revolution: The National Guard in Pest in March-April, 1848', in B. K. Király and G. E. Rothenberg (eds),
War and Society in East Central Europe
, vol. 1,
Special Topics and Generalizations on the 18th and 19th Centuries
(New York: Brooklyn College Press, 1979), p. 82.
L. Deme, âThe First Soldiers of the Hungarian Revolution: The National Guard in Pest in March-April, 1848', in B. K. Király and G. E. Rothenberg (eds),
War and Society in East Central Europe
, vol. 1,
Special Topics and Generalizations on the 18th and 19th Centuries
(New York: Brooklyn College Press, 1979), p. 82.
59
Quoted in C.-L. Chassin,
Alexandre Petoefi: poète de la révolution hongroise
(Brussels and Paris, 1860), p. 201.
Quoted in C.-L. Chassin,
Alexandre Petoefi: poète de la révolution hongroise
(Brussels and Paris, 1860), p. 201.
62
Deme, âFirst Soldiers', p. 83.
Deme, âFirst Soldiers', p. 83.
65
S. Z. Pech,
The Czech Revolution of 1848
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969), pp. 3-4.
S. Z. Pech,
The Czech Revolution of 1848
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969), pp. 3-4.
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