Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty (175 page)

9.
Article in
Women’s JoongAng 21
summarized in
JoongAng Ilbo,
Internet version, November 23, 2000. FBIS article i.d. KPP20001124000008; Lee Han-yong,
Heijou 15-gou.

10.
Hwang Jang-yop,
The Problems of Human Rights in North Korea (3).
Seoul: 2000. Translation by Network for North Korean Democracy and Human Rights on the Web at http://nknet.org/en/keys/lastkeys/2002/9/04.php.

11.
Lee Han-yong,
Heijou 15-gou.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Bungei Shunju,
February 1998. Translation/abstract by
Korea Web Weekly,
http://www.kimsoft.com/1997/nanok.htm.

14.
Lee Han-yong,
Heijou 15-gou;
“Song-Yi Telephone Conversation Disclosed,” trans. FBIS,
Joongang Ilbo,
Feb. 17, 1996, FBIS document i.d. 0dn7jom016u5eq.

15.
Lee Kyo-kwan, “Signs of Kim Jong-nam s Preparations as Kim Jong-il’s Successor Analyzed,” trans. FBIS,
Chosun Ilbo
Internet version, January 14, 2001, FBIS document i.d. 0g7d33w01s3eel;
Bungei Shunju,
February 1998; “North Korea’s ‘Crown Prince’ Shown by Japanese TV Organization,” Agence France-Presse, February 15, 1999.

16.
Bungei Shunju,
February 1998.

17.
Ibid.

18.
Lee Han-yong,
Heijou 15-gou.

19.
Bungei Shunju,
February 1998.

20.
JoongAng Ilbo,
April 21, 1995, p. 5.

21.
“Kim Jong-il’s Ex-Wife Reportedly Still in DPRK,” Yonhap, .March 30, 1998, FBIS document i.d. 0eqpsm100ruf3v.

22.
“Song-Yi Telephone Conversation Disclosed,” trans. FBIS,
Joongang Ilbo,
February 17, 1996, FBIS document i.d. 0dn7jom016u5eq.

23.
Korean Broadcasting System KBS-1 radio network, “Defector Shot in Seoul; Police Assume DPRK Retaliation,” 2100 GMT Feb. 15, 1997, FBIS translation document i.d. 0e9s3u002ex9dk

24.
See “Song-Yi Telephone Conversation Disclosed,” trans. FBIS,
JoongAng Ilbo,
February 17, 1996, FBIS document i.d. 0dn7jom016u5eq.

25.
“Kim Jong-il’s Ex-Wife Reportedly Still in DPRK”

26.
“Kim Jong-il’s Daughter ‘Sol-Song’ Receives Training in Economy,”
Chosun Ilbo
Internet version, October 18, 2001, FBIS translation document i.d. 0glgev9025f8zh; Yonhap, “Identity of DPRK Leader’s Son Arrested in Japan,” trans. FBIS, May 3, 2001, FBIS document i.d. 0gcyw5101oxg04.

27.
“Son of DPRK’s Kim Jong-il Said to Join Government,”
Joongang Ilbo
Internet version, FBIS document i.d. 0flin2p01wxvxp; Lee Kyo-kwan, “Kim Jong Nam Being Groomed as Heir Apparent,”
Chosun Ilbo
Internet version, May 13, 2001, http://English.chosun.com/cgi-bin/printNews?id=200105130135; Lee Kyo-kwan, “Is Kim Jong Nam NKs Heir Apparent?”
Chosun Ilbo
Internet version, February 26, 2002, http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200202/200202260259.html.

28.
“Police Step Up Protection for DPRK Defectors After Threats,
”Korea Times
Internet edition, July 17, 1997, FBIS document i.d. 0edjbsc013cm0b; for the claim that Kim Jong-nam was involved, see
Wolgan Choson,
February 2001.

29.
See “ROK Paper Interviews Nephew Defector of Song Hye-rim,” trans. FBIS,
Dong-A Ilbo,
February 14, 1996, FBIS document i.d. 0dmumu702tf940.

30.
Wolgan Choson,
February 2001.

31.
Joongang Ilbo
Internet version, FBIS document i.d. 0flin2p01wxvxp.

32.
“Will Kim Jong Nam Succeed His Father Kim Jong Il?”
Chosun Ilbo
Internet edition, January 14, 2001.

33.
George Wehrfritz and Hideko Takayama, “The Sun Also Surprises,”
Newsweek International,
May 14, 2001. The magazine cited as its source Lee Young-hwa, a leading critic of Pyongyang among the Korean residents in Japan.

34.
“Will Kim Jong Nam Succeed His Father Kim Jong Il?”

35.
James Brooke, “China Called Likely to Oust 78 North Koreans,”
The New York Times,
January 22, 2003, p. A5.

36.
See “S. Korea Rejects Report Kim Jong Il in China,” Seoul-datelined Agence France-Presse article,
citing JoongAng Ilbo, The Japan Times,
May 20, 2001. The Seoul newspaper cited an unnamed South Korean government source.

37.
“DPRK Leader’s Eldest Son Said To Remain in Russia,”
Chosun Ilbo
Internet Version in English, September 22, 2002, WNC article I.D.: KPP20020924000074.

38.
“Diplomatic Source ‘Confirms’ Kim Chong-il’s Son Vacationed Often in Moscow,” trans. FBIS,
Sankei Shimbun,
September 15, 2002, FBIS document i.d. 0h2qz7900k8j47.

39.
“NK Leader’s Ex-Wife Died in May” Yonhap dispatch in
Korea Times,
Internet edition, November 7, 2002, http://www.hankooki.com/kt_nation/200211/

40.
A German diplomat who asked to remain anonymous told me that a photo showed Kim Jong-il in East Germany in 1984 when his father was visiting there and a sudden crisis came up—a flood in North Korea—that evidently required the younger Kim to travel and get his father’s advice or orders. The diplomat said there was no official record of Kim Jong-il’s presence in East Germany ever, so presumably he went under an assumed name.

41.
Article in
Women’s Joongang 21
summarized in
Joongang Ilbo,
Internet version, November 23, 2000. FBIS article i.d. KPP20001124000008, http://wnc. fedworld.gov.

42.
Yomiuri,
May 4, 2001;
Japan Times,
May 5, 2001.

43.
“Kim’s ‘Son’ Tried Japan’s Soaplands,”
japantoday.com
, July 15, 2002, a summary translation by Mark Schreiber of an article in
Shukan Shincho
for July 18, 2002.

44.
I am grateful to Hideko Takayama for pointing out and translating these articles.

45.
Yonhap, “Identity of DPRK Leader’s Son Arrested in Japan,” trans. FBIS, May 3, 2001, FBIS document i.d. 0gcyw5101oxg04.

46.
Article in
Women’s Joongang 21
summarized in
Joongang Ilbo,
Internet version, November 23, 2000. Translation by U.S. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, article i.d. KPP20001124000008, http://wnc.fedworld.gov.

47.
Song Mi-ran, “Partisan’s Son,”
Nodong Shinmun,
October 6, 2002, trans. FBIS as “DPRK Hails Leader as Partisan’s Son, Mentions Son-to-Grandson Succession,” FBIS document i.d. 0h59iwg02ykiwf

48.
“DPRK Leader’s Eldest Son Said to Remain in Russia,”
Chosun Ilbo
Internet edition, September 22, 2002, FBIS document i.d. 0h32b5801gsbn8; Pak Min-son, “Kim Jong-chol Rises as Heir in the North,” trans. FBIS, Yonhap (quoting
Aera),
April 17, 2002, FBIS document i.d. 0guzlkc02mpq4n; “Kim Jong-nam Is Scrambling for Power with His Brother,” trans. FBIS,
Ming Pao,
May 4, 2001, FBIS translation, document i.d. 0gd0p3a01sdpha; “Kim Jong-il’s Son Kim Hyon in Charge of WPK Propaganda Department,” Jiji Press, August 31, 2002, FBIS document i.d. 0hlv9za018bge9; ‘Highest Ranking’ DPRK Official Said Defected to ROK,” trans. FBIS,
Kyonghyang Shinmun,
June 7, 1996, FBIS document i.d. 0dssz2200270jy.

49.
Lee Han-yong,
Heijou 15-gou;
“Song-Yi Telephone Conversation Disclosed,” trans. FBIS,
JoongAng Ilbo
article, February 17, 1996, FBIS document i.d. 0dn7jom016u5eq.

50.
Based on the timing, it appears one of those two might have been become the mother of Kim Hyon.

51.
“DPRK Leader’s Eldest Son Said To Remain in Russia,”
Chosun Ilbo
Internet version in English, September 22, 2002, WNC article I.D.: KPP20020924000074.

52.
Under the pseudonym Kenji Fujimoto, he subsequently published a book,
Kim Jong-il’s Chef,
in Japanese and Korean, in which he repeated that Kim Jong-il favored Kim Jong-un (sometimes rendered as Jong-woon or Jong-oon) as his heir.

53.
See Kim Yeon-kwang, “Second Son Being Groomed as Heir Apparent,”
Chosun Ilbo
(Internet English Edition) (Seoul), February 18, 2003, http://english.chosun. com/w21data/html/news/200302/200302180027.html;
Sankei Shimbun
(Tokyo), February 19, 2003; George Wehrfritz and Hideko Takayama with B.J. Lee, “Heirs to the Kingdom,”
Newsweek International,
March 10, 2003; Wehrfritz,
Takayama, Lee, “North Korea: .Mother Knows Best,”
Newsweek
(U.S. edition), March 10, 2003.

54.
Yi Kyo-kwan, “Kim Chong-il’s Daughter ‘Sol-song’ Receives Training in Economy,”
Chosun Ilbo
(Internet version) in Korean, October 18, 2001, FBIS document i.d. 0glgev9025f8zh.

Acheson, Dean,
65–68
,
82

An Act of Sincerity
,
241
,
251

agriculture.
See
farming

Ahn Choong-hak (logger; defector),
112
,
232–234
,
382
,
420–422

Ahn Hyuk (prison camp inmate; defector),
318–319
,
596–600
,
601–602

Ahn Myung-jin (spy; defector),
316
,
535–542

aid

from communist countries,
96–97
,
390
,
396

international food,
514
,
575
, 635 (
see also
United Nations: World Food Program)

delivery suspended, where monitors denied access,
555–571
,
577–578

diverted from intended recipients,
566
,
623–624

sold in foreign currency shops,
619

to Third World countries,
137
,
364
,
577

Albright, Madeleine,
658–659
,
684

ancestral rites,
300

Andropov, Yuri,
437

architecture,
170
,
295
,
322

Arirang Festival,
653

art,
8
,
170
,
172
,
349
,
365

ceramic,
173

Asian Development Bank,
473
,
654–655

automation,
158
,
271–272

automobiles

driving style,
367

manufacturing,
337
,
346
,
639
,
666

official,
102

private,
102
,
298
,
346

axe killings, at Panmunjom,
138
,
278–279
,
437

Bae In-soo (truck driver; defector),
514
,
588–590

Baek Nam-woon (scholar),
243
,
366

Bai Song-chul (also spelled Bae; Society for

Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries),
3
,
6
,
183
,
287
.
see also
Kim Jong-su

banking,
164
,
480

bicycles,
662

Blue House commando raid,
127–128
,
129
,
131

bodyguard service,
426
,
429
,
431

division of, to create separate service for Kim Jong-il,
506

expansion, 20–fold, after Ceaucescus die,
547

shootout with special forces,
547