Our Bodies, Ourselves (189 page)

2
.
Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality Making Us Sick?
(California Newsreel, 2008). See unnaturalcauses.org.

3
. Association of American Medical Colleges,
Women in U.S. Academic Medicine Statistics and Medical School Benchmarking, 2007–2008
, 2009, aamc.org/download/53434/data/wimstats_2008.pdf.

4
. Economic Policy Institute,
State of Working America Preview: Income Inequality in Dollars and Cents
, November 3, 2010, epi.org/economic_snapshots/entry/swa_preview_income_inequality_in_dollars_and_cents.

5
. Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith,
Current Population Reports, P60-238, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009
(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2010), census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf.

6
. Ibid.

7
. Ibid.

8
. National Women's Law Center, “Analysis of New Census Data Shows Substantial Increase in Women's Poverty, Decline in Health Insurance Coverage, No Improvement in Wage Gap,” September 16, 2010, nwlc.org/press-release/nwlc-analysis-new-census-data-shows-substantial-increase-womens-poverty-decline-health.

9
. DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Smith,
Current Population Reports, P60-238, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009.

10
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “About Minority Health,” cdc.gov/omhd/amh/amh.htm.

11
. U.S. Census Bureau.
National Population Projections. Projections of the Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: 2010 to 2050
,
census.gov/population/www/projections/summarytables.html
.

12
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Sub-population Estimates from the HIV Incidence Surveillance System—United States, 2006,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
57, no. 3 (2008): 985–89.

13
. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Women's Health USA 2010
, 2010, mchb.hrsa.gov/whusa10/.

14
. Ibid.

15
. Ibid.

16
. Amnesty International, “Deadly Delivery: The Maternal Health Care Crisis in the USA,” 2010, amnestyusa.org/dignity/pdf/DeadlyDelivery.pdf.

17
. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Child Health USA 2010
, 2010, mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa10/hstat/hsi/pages/205mm.html.

18
. Amnesty International, “Deadly Delivery.”

19
. Ibid.

20
. Melissa Gilliam, “Health Care Inequality Is Key in Abortion Rates,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, August 10, 2008, guttmacher.org/media/resources/2008/08/10/Gilliam_op-ed.pdf.

21
. National Center for Health Statistics, “Final Natality Data,” 2011, marchofdimes.com/peristats/tlanding.as px?reg=99&1ev=0&top=3&s1ev=1&dv=qf.

22
. March of Dimes, “Prematurity Campaign,” 2010, march ofdimes.com/mission/prematurity_impact.html.

23
. March of Dimes, “Prematurity Research,” 2010, march ofdimes.com/research/prematurityresearch.html.

24
. Michael C. Lu, “Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Birth Outcomes: A Life-Course Perspective,” CIMS Mother-Friendly Childbirth Forum, March 2009.

25
. J. Santelli et al., “Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors, by Nonsexual Risk Behavior Involvement, U.S. High School Students, 1991–2007,”
Journal of Adolescent Health
44 (2009): 372–79, teenpregnancysc.org/documents/Santelli+et+al+2009+Trends+in+Sexual+ and+Other+Risk+Behaviors.pdf.

26
. Rebecca Ward, “Following Decade-Long Decline, U.S. Teen Pregnancy Rate Increases as Both Births and Abortions Rise,” Guttmacher Institute, January 26, 2010, guttmacher.org/media/nr/2010/01/26/index.html.

27
. Special Investigations Division, U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Government Reform,
The Content of Federally Funded Abstinence-Only Education Programs
(Washington, DC: 2004).

28
. Brady E. Hamilton, Joyce A. Martin, and Stephanie J. Ventura, “Births: Preliminary Data for 2009,”
National Vital Statistics Report, 2010
59, no. 3 (2010), cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr59/nvsr59_03.pdf.

29
. H. Weinstock, S. Berman, and W. Cates Jr., “Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among American Youth: Incidence and Prevalence Estimates, 2000,”
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
36, no. 1 (2004): 6–10.

30
. W. Cates Jr. et al. “Estimates of the Incidence and Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States,”
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
26 (1999): S2–S7.

31
. Matthew Hogben and Jami Leichliter, “Social Determinants and Sexually Transmitted Disease Disparities: Sexually Transmitted Diseases,”
Sexually Transmitted Disease
35, no. 12 (December 2008): S13–S18.

32
. Centers for Disease Control, “Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States, 2008: National Surveillance Data for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis” (2009), cdc.gov/std/stats08/trends.htm.

33
. National Council of State Legislatures, “HPV Vaccine,” January 2010, ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=14381.

34
. Peter B. Bach, “Gardasil: From Bench, to Bedside, to Blunder,”
Lancet
375 (March 20, 2010): 963–64.

35
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “HIV Among African Americans,” September 9, 2010, cdc.gov/hiv/topics/aa/index.htm.

36
. The National Women's Health Information Center, “Minority Women's Health,” WomensHealth.gov (May 18, 2010), womenshealth.gov/minority/africanamerican/hiv.cfm.

37
. “Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Self-Rated Health Status Among Adults with and Without Disabilities—United States, 2004–2006,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
, October 3, 2008.

38
. The National Women's Health Information Center, “Minority Women's Health.”

39
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “HIV Among African Americans,” September 9, 2010, cdc.gov/hiv/topics/aa/index.htm.

40
. “Census Bureau: Recession Fuels Record Number of Uninsured Americans,”
Kaiser Health News
, September 17, 2010, smtp01.kaiserhealthnews.org/t/13983/384882/13463/0/.

41
. Sheila D. Rustgi, Michelle M. Doty, and Sara R. Collins, “Women at Risk: Why Many Women Are Forgoing Needed Health Care,” The Commonwealth Fund (2009), commonwealthfund.org/Content/Publications/Issue-Briefs/2009/May/Women-at-Risk.aspx.

42
. S. D. Rustgi, M. M. Doty, and S. R. Collins, “Women at Risk: Why Many Women Are Forgoing Needed Health Care,”
The Commonwealth Fund Issue Brief
, May 2009.

43
. National Center for Health Statistics, “Highlights,”
Health, United States, 2009
, cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus09.pdf#highlights.

44
. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Employed Persons by Detailed Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity,” 2009, bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.pdf.

45
. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “May 2007 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates,” 2007, bls.gov/oes/2007/may/oes_nat.htm#b31-0000.

46
. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “The 2009 HHS Poverty Guidelines,” aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/09poverty.shtml.

47
. U.S. Census Bureau, “Annual Social and Economic Supplement,” March 2008,
census.gov/hhes/www/cpstc/cps_table_creator.html
.

48
. Rustgi, Doty, and Collins, “Women at Risk: Why Many Women are Forgoing Needed Health Care.”

49
. Carol Regan, “The Invisible Care Gap: Caregivers Without Health Coverage,” Paraprofessional Health-care Institute, May 2008, hchcw.org/wp-content/up loads/2008/05/phi-cps-report.pdf.

50
. Ibid.

51
. Guttmacher Institute, “Women of Reproductive Age Hit Hard by Recession, New Census Data Show,” September 27, 2010, guttmacher.org/media/inthenews/2010/09/17/index.html.

52
. “Medicaid's Role in Family Planning,”
Guttmacher Institute
, October 2007, guttmacher.org/pubs/IB_medicaidFP.pdf.

53
. National Women's Law Center,
Still Nowhere to Turn: Insurance Companies Treat Women Like a Pre-Existing Condition
, 2009, nwlc.org/our-resources/reports_tool kits/nowhere-to-turn.

54
. National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health, “Our Issues: Access to Health Care,” 2010, latinainsti tute.org/issues/access-health-care.

55
. Margaret Crosby, “A Contemporary Abortion Law for California,” ACLU of Northern California, April 23, 2002, aclunc.org/news/opinions/a_contemporary_abortion_law_for_california.shtml.

56
. Ellen R. Shaffer, “Abortion Rights at Risk,”
Huffington Post
, July 20, 2010, huffingtonpost.com/ellen-r-shaffer/abortion-rights-at-risk_b_652922.html.

57
. Ellen R. Shaffer, “New HHS Abortion Restriction Goes Beyond Current Law,” Ellen Schaffer's Blog, July 20, 2010, ellenshaffer.blogspot.com/2010/07/new-hhs-abortion-restriction-goes.html.

58
. Robert Pear, “Push for Stricter Abortion Limits Expected in House,”
New York Times
, December 11, 2010, nytimes.com/2010/12/12/health/policy/12abortion.html.

59
. Center for Reproductive Rights, “A First Look Back at the 2010 State Legislative Session,” August 31, 2010, reproductiverights.org/en/feature/a-first-look-back-at-the-2010-state-legislative-session.

60
. Amie Newman, “Report: States Pass Staggering Array of Anti-Choice Laws, Policies and Ballot Measures,” RH Reality Check, September 3, 2010, rhrealitycheck.org/blog/2010/09/01/2010s-staggering-antichoice-legislation-policies-ballot-measures-states.

61
. Ellen R. Shaffer and Judy Norsigian, “A Practical Guide Forward for Progressives on Healthcare,”
Salon
, May 22, 2010, salon.com/news/opinion/feature/2010/05/22/progressives_practical_healthcare_guide.

62
. Rustgi, Doty, and Collins, “Women at Risk: Why Many Women are Forgoing Needed Health Care.”

63
. Gita Sen and Piroska Östlin, “Unequal, Unfair, Ineffective and Inefficient. Gender Inequity in Health: Why It Exists and How We Can Change It,” Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, WHO, 2007.

64
. Population Reference Bureau,
2010 World Population Data Sheet
(Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, 2010).

65
. United Nations, “World Population Prospects: 2008 Revision Population Database,” 2008, esa.un.org/UNPP/index.asp?panel=2.

66
. Susheela Singh, Jacqueline Darroch, Lori Ashford, and Michael Vlassoff,
Adding It Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health
(New York: Guttmacher Institute and UNFPA, 2009).

67
. Gita Sen and Piroska Östlin, “Unequal, Unfair, Ineffective and Inefficient.”

68
. International Agency for Research on Cancer, “GLOBOCAN 2008: Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide in 2008,” World Health Organization, 2009, globocan.iarc.fr/.

69
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Differences by Sex in Tobacco Use and Awareness of Tobacco Marketing—Bangladesh, Thailand, and Uruguay, 2009,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
59, no. 20 (May 28, 2010): 613–18.

70
. Ellen R. Shaffer et al., “Global Trade and Public Health,”
American Journal of Public Health
95 (January 2005): 23–34.

71
. Ibid.

72
. Stan Bernstein with Charlotte Juul Hansen,
Public Choices, Private Decision: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals
(New York: United Nations Millennium Project, 2006).

73
. Population Reference Bureau,
2010 World Population Datasheet.

74
. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Key Characteristics of Parental Leave Systems,” January 7, 2010, oecd.org/dataoecd/45/26/37864482.pdf.

75
. Anne H. Gautier, “The Impact of Family Policies on Fertility in Industrialized Countries: A Review of the Literature,”
Population Research and Policy Review
26, no. 3 (2007): 323–46, DOI: 10.1007/s11113-007-9033-x, rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/2005/RAND_RB9126.pdf.

76
. Rebecca Ray, Janet C. Gornick, and John Schmitt, “Who Cares? Assessing Generosity and Gender Equality in Parental Leave Policy Designs in 21 Countries,”
Journal of European Social Policy
20, no. 3 (2010): 196.

77
. WHO, “Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990–2008,” 2010, whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241 500265_eng.pdf.

78
. D. Jamison et al., eds.,
Priorities in Health
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006).

79
. K. S. Khan et al., “WHO Analysis of Causes of Maternal Death: A Systematic Review,”
Lancet
367, no. 9516 (April 1, 2006): 1066–74.

80
. C. Ronsmans and W. J. Graham, “Lancet Maternal Survival Series Steering Group. Maternal Mortality: Who, When, Where, and Why,”
Lancet
368, no. 4542 (September 30, 2006): 1189–1200.

81
. Demographic Health Surveys, “Measure DHS,” stat compiler.com.

82
. M. Minkauskiene et al., “Systematic Review on the Incidence and Prevalence of Severe Maternal Morbidity,”
Medicina (Kaunas)
40, no. 4 (2004): 299–309.

83
. United Nations Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, “Levels and Trends in Child Mortality” (New York: UNICEF, 2010).