American Tempest (42 page)

2
. Although romantics call the first shot fired at Lexington “the shot heard 'round the world,” the phrase was actually created by Ralph Waldo Emerson for the first stanza of the “Hymn Sung at the Completion of the Battle Monument” at Concord, July 4, 1837, and it refers to the skirmish at Concord Bridge
after
Lexington—not the encounter at Lexington:

By the rude bridge that arched the flood,

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,

Here once the embattled farmers stood,

and fired the shot heard round the world.

3
. Pitcairn to Gage, April 1775, in Clarence E. Carter, ed.,
The Correspondence of General Thomas Gage
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1931–1933), II:181,
cited in Bruce Lancaster,
From Lexington to Liberty, The Story of the American Revolution
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1955), 99.

4
. Lord Percy to General Edward Harvey, April 20, 1775, in Charles K. Bolton, ed.,
The Letters of Hugh Earl Percy . . . 1774–1776
(1902), cited in Knollenberg,
Growth
, 195.

5
.
Essex Gazette
, April 25, 1775, BPL.

6
. Knollenberg,
Growth
, 267.

7
. Abigail Adams to Mary Cranch, October 6, 1766, in Ferling, 53.

8
. Ferling, 124.

9
. Sears, 178–79.

10
. Higginbotham, 84.

11
. Worthington C. Ford, ed.,
Journals of the Continental Congress
, 34 vols. (Washington, DC, 1904–1936), II:77–78.

12
. Richard Frothingham,
The Life and Times of Joseph Warren
(Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1865), 495–96.

13
. “Proscription of Thomas Gage,” June 12, 1775, in Peter Force, ed.,
American Archives . . .
, 4th ser., II (1839):969.

14
. Higginbotham, 84–85.

15
. Ferling, 124.

16
. Adams,
Works
, II:416–17.

17
. Miller, 336.

18
. Ibid.

19
. Ibid.

20
. John Hancock to Joseph Warren, June 18, 1775, in Allan, 196.

21
. Adair and Schutz, 143–44.

22
. Ibid., 143, 143n.

23
. Journal of Chief Justice Peter Oliver, in Hutchinson,
Diary and Letters
, II:48.

24
. Rev. Andrew Oliver to Peter Oliver, July 27, 1787, in Hutchinson,
Diary and Letters
, II:423–24.

25
. Lord Stirling to John Hancock, January 10, 1776, MHS.

26
. George Washington to John Hancock, March 19, 1776, in W. W. Abbot, Dorothy Twohig, and Philander D. Chase, eds.,
The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, June 1775–April 1778
, 14 vols. (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1984–2004 [in progress]), 3:489–91.

Notes to Chapter 15

1
.
Columbian Sentinel
, April 2, 1794.

2
.
Maryland Gazette
, July 4, 1765.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Adair and Schutz, 144–51.

5
. Journal of Chief Justice Peter Oliver, in Hutchinson, II:48.

6
. Ibid., II:193–96.

Note to Appendix B

1
. List taken from Drake.

Abbot, W. W., and Dorothy Twohig, eds.
The Papers of George Washington, Colonial Series: 1748–August 1755
. 10 vols. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983–1995.

Abbot, W. W., Dorothy Twohig, and Philander D. Chase, eds.
The Papers of George
Washington, Revolutionary War Series, June 1775–April 1778
. 14 vols. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1984–2004 [in progress].

Adair, Douglas, and John A. Schutz, eds.
Peter Oliver's Origin and Progress of the
American Rebellion: A Tory View
. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1961.

Adams, Charles Francis, ed.
The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United
States
. 10 vols. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1856.

Adams, James Truslow.
Revolutionary New England: 1691–1776
. Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1923.

Adams, Samuel.
The Writings of Samuel Adams
:
1764–1802, Collected and Edited by
Harry Alonzo Cushing
. 4 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1908.

Alden, John R..
History of the American Revolution
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969.

Allan, Herbert S.
John Hancock, Patriot in Purple
. New York: Beechurst Press, 1953.

Ayling, Stanley.
George the Third
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972.

Ballagh, James C., ed.
The Letters of Richard Henry Lee
. 2 vols. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911–1914.

Baxter, W. T.
The House of Hancock: Business in Boston, 1724–1775
. New York: Russell & Russell, 1965.

Benson, A. B., ed.
Per Kalm's Travels in North America
. 2 vols. New York, 1937.

Brandes, Paul D.
John Hancock's Life and Speeches
. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996.

Bredvold, Louis I., and Ralph G. Ross.
The Philosophy of Edmund Burke: A Selection from His Speeches and Writings
. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1967.

Brooke, John.
King George III, America's Last Monarch
. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972.

Burnett, Edmund C., ed.
Letters of Members of the Continental Congress
. 8 vols. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1921–1938.

Butterfield, Lyman H., ed.
Diary and Autobiography of John Adams
. 4 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.

Carter, Clarence E., ed.
The Correspondence of General Thomas Gage
. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1931–1933.

Cary, John.
Joseph Warren: Physician, Politician, Patriot
. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961.

Chotteau, Léon.
Les Français en Amérique
. Paris: G. Charpentier, 1879.

Cushing, Harry Alonzo, ed.
The Writings of Samuel Adams, 1764–1802
. 4 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904–1908.

Dana, Elizabeth E., ed.
The British in Boston: Being the Diary of Lieutenant John Barker
. Cambridge, MA: 1924.

Drake, Francis S.
Tea Leaves: Being a Collection of Documents Relating to the Shipment of Tea to the American Colonies in 1773 by the East India Company
. Boston: A. O. Crane, 1884.

Ferling, John.
John Adams, A Life
. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1992.

Fitzpatrick, John C., ed.
The Writings of George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799
. 39 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931–1944.

Fischer, David Hackett.
Paul Revere's Ride
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Ford, Paul Leicester, ed.,
The Writings of John Dickinson
. Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1895.

Ford, Worthington C., ed.
Journals of the Continental Congress
. 34 vols. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1904–1936.

Fowler, William M., Jr.
The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.

Freeman, Douglas Southall.
George Washington
, completed by John Alexander Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth. 7 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1957.

Frothingham, Richard.
Life and Times of Joseph Warren
. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1865.

Gipson, Lawrence Henry.
The Coming of the Revolution, 1763–1775
. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954.

Henry, William Wirt.
Patrick Henry, Correspondence and Speeches
. 3 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1891.

Higgenbotham, Don.
The War of Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies and Practice, 1763–1789
. New York: Macmillan Company, 1971.

Hutchinson, Peter Orlando, ed.
The Diary and Letters of His Excellency Thomas
Hutchinson, Esq. Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of His Late Majesty's Province of Massachusetts Bay, in North America . . . compiled from the original documents still remaining in the possession of his descendants by Peter Orlando Hutchinson, one of his great grandsons
. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1884.

Hutchinson, Thomas.
The History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, 1749–74
. 3 vols. London: John Murray, 1828.

Jackson, Donald, and Dorothy Twohig, eds.
The Diaries of George Washington
. 6 vols. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976–79.

The Journals of Each Provincial Congress of Massachusetts in 1774 and 1775. . . .
Boston, 1838.

Journals of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, 1772
. Boston.

Kalm, Peter,
The America of 1750: Peter Kalm's Travels in North America
. Edited and translated by Adolph B. Benson. New York: Dover Publications, 1966.

Kimball, G. S., ed.
Correspondence of William Pitt
. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1906.

Knollenberg, Bernhard.
Growth of the American Revolution: 1766–1775
. New York: Free Press, 1975.

———.
Origin of the American Revolution: 1759–1766
. New York: The Free Press, 1960.

Labaree, Benjamin Woods.
The Boston Tea Party
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Lancaster, Bruce.
From Lexington to Liberty, The Story of the American Revolution
. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1955.

Lee, R. H.
Life of Arthur Lee
. 2 vols. Boston: Wells and Lilly, 1829.

Lee, Richard Henry.
The Letters of Richard Henry Lee
. Danvers, MA: General Books, 2009.

Meade, Robert Douthat.
Patrick Henry, Patriot in the Making
. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1957.

———.
Patrick Henry, Practical Revolutionary
. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1969.

Miller, John C.
Samuel Adams: Pioneer in Propaganda
. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1936.

Morison, Samuel Eliot.
Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936
. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1936.

Parliamentary History of England
. London: T. C. Hansard, 1813.

Peek, George A., Jr.
The Revolutionary Writings of John Adams
. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2000.

Randolph, Edmund.
History of Virginia
. Edited by Arthur H. Shaffer. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, published for the Virginia Historical Society, 1970.

Rose, J. Holland.
The Life of William Pitt
. London: Bell & Sons, 1923.

Roth, Rodris. “Tea Drinking in 18th-Century America: Its Etiquette and Equipage.” In
United States National Museum Bulletin
, 61–91. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1961.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques.
The Basic Political Writings: On the Social Contract
. Translated and edited by Donald A. Cress. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1987.

Schlesinger, Arthur M.
The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution
. New York: Atheneum, 1968.

Sears, Lorenzo.
John Hancock, the Picturesque Patriot
. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1913.

Smith, Page.
John Adams
. 2 vols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1962.

Stillé, Charles J., ed.
The Writings of John Dickinson
. 2 vols. Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1895.

Sullivan, William.
Familiar Letters on Public Characters and Public Events. . . .
Boston: Russell, Odiorne, and Metcalf, 1834.

Sutherland, Lucy S., ed.
The Correspondence of Edmund Burke, 1768–1774
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.

Thackeray, Reverend Francis.
A History of the Right Honorable William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
. London, 1827.

Thatcher, Benjamin B.
Traits of the Tea Party: Being a Memoir of George R. T. Hewes
. New York: Harper Brothers, 1835.

Thomas, Ebenezer S.
Reminiscences of the Last Sixty-five Years
. Hartford, CT: Case, Tiffany and Burnham, 1840.

Tudor, William.
The Life of James Otis of Massachusetts
. Boston: Wells and Lilly, 1823.

Tyler, Moses Coit.
Patrick Henry
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1887.