American Tempest (41 page)

27
. Adams,
Works
, VIII:384.

Notes to Chapter 11

1
. John Ferling,
John Adams, A Life
(New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1992), 70.

2
. Harlow Giles Unger,
John Hancock, Merchant King and American Patriot
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000), 150.

3
. Adair and Schutz, 91–92.

4
. Ibid., 88.

5
.
Boston Gazette
, December 10, 1770–January 28, 1771, BPL.

6
. Miller, 235–36.

7
. Schlesinger, 240.

8
. Ibid., 241.

9
. Adams,
Works
, II:260.

10
. Hutchinson to person unknown, June 5, 1771, in Allan, 123–24.

11
. Hutchinson to Thomas Gage, December 1, 1771, Massachusetts Archives, XXVII, 258.

12
. Hutchinson to Francis Bernard, January 29, 1772, ibid., 286.

13
.
Journals of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, 1772
(Boston), 15.

14
. Samuel Adams to Arthur Lee, April 22, 1773, in Allan,
John Hancock
, 125, citing R. H. Lee,
Life of Arthur Lee
(Boston, 1829), 203.

15
.
Boston Gazette
, May 12, 1772, BPL.

16
. Hutchinson to Lord Hillsborough, June 15, 1772, in Allan,
John Hancock
, 127.

17
. Adair and Schutz, 110.

18
. Boston Town Records, 95–108, cited in Fowler, Jr., 148.

19
. Ibid.

20
. Ibid., 149.

21
. Hutchinson, II:364–69.

22
.
Boston Gazette
, January 11, 1773, BPL.

23
. John Adams, “Two Replies of the Massachusetts House of Representatives to Governor Hutchinson,” in George A. Peek, Jr.,
The Revolutionary Writings of John Adams
(Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2000), 117–45.

24
. Hutchinson to Thomas Whately, October 4, 1768, and January 1769, in Fowler, 132–33.

25
. Sears, 128–29.

26
. Gipson, 219.

27
. Brandes, 103.

28
. Fowler, 158.

29
. Brandes, 104, citing John Boyle's “Journal of Occurrences in Boston,”
New England Historical and Genealogical Society Register
84 (1930), 367–68.

30
. Ibid., citing Anne Row Cunningham, ed.,
Letters & Diary of John Rowe
(Boston, 1903).

31
. Thomas Hutchinson to John Hancock, November 11, 1773, First Corps of Cadet Papers, Mugar Memorial Library, Boston, cited in Brandes, 106.

32
. Brandes, 107.

33
. Allan, 136.

34
. Hutchinson to person unknown, December 3, 1773, in ibid., 138.

35
. Ibid., 34.

36
. Attributed to Adams by Francis Rotch, part owner of the
Dartmouth
, in Knollenberg, 100.

37
. Labaree, 141.

38
. Ibid.

39
. Drake, XC.

40
. Valuation determined by East India Company, in Knollenberg,
Growth
, 100. Another estimate in Drake,
Tea Leaves
(LXV) puts the value at twice that amount.

41
. Ferling, 92.

42
. Drake, LXXXVIII.

43
.
Massachusetts Gazette
, December 23, 1773, BPL.

44
. Adams,
Writings
, III:64.

45
. Samuel Adams to Arthur Lee, December 31, 1773, and January 25, 1774, in ibid., III:66–68 and III:69–71.

Notes to Chapter 12

1
. Drake, LXXXV, LXXXVII.

2
. Knollenberg,
Growth
, 99–100.

3
. Ibid., 100.

4
. Allan, 140–41.

5
. Zobel, 189–294 and 346–56 cover the events in minute-by-minute detail.

6
. Fischer, 25–26.

7
. The Boston Tea Party and the antipathy it produced for English tea ended consumption of tea as the primary hot beverage in the colonies and, later, the United States. Americans turned to hot chocolate and hot coffee instead. Ironically, Britain itself produced no tea.

8
. Tryon to Lord Dartmouth, January 3, 1774, in Gipson, 221.

9
. Butterfield, II:85–86.

10
. Hancock to Jonathan Barnard, December 21, 1773, MHS.

11
. Robert Douthat Meade,
Patrick Henry, Practical Revolutionary
(Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1969), 3.

12
. Adair and Schutz, 98.

13
. Hutchinson, I:133.

14
. Adair and Schutz, 112.

15
. William Sullivan,
Familiar Letters on Public Characters and Public Events . . .
(Boston: Russell, Odiorne, and Metcalf, 1834), 10 (Letter of January 27, 1833), in BPL.

16
. Ebenezer S. Thomas,
Reminiscences of the Last Sixty-five Years
(Boston: Case, Tiffany, and Barnham, 1840), I:244, BPL.

17
. John Hancock,
An Oration Delivered, March 4, 1774, at the Request of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston to Commemorate the Bloody Tragedy of the Fifth of March, 1770
(Boston: Edes & Gill, 1774), BPL.

18
. Adams,
Works
, II:332.

19
. Report of the British Attorney-General and Solicitor-General, February 11, 1774, in Labaree, 174–75.

20
.
Remarks of a Merchant who makes an annual Progress through the Colonies . . .
, February 1774, Dartmouth Papers, William Salt Library, Stafford, England;
Morning Chronicle
, February 23, 1774.

21
.
Parliamentary History
, XVII, 1167–69.

22
. Edmund Burke,
Speech on Conciliation with America
, in Louis I. Bredvold and Ralph G. Ross,
The Philosophy of Edmund Burke: A Selection from His Speeches and Writings
(Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1967), 36–37.

23
. Knollenberg,
Growth
, 105.

24
. Ibid., 108.

25
. Miller, 300.

26
. Hutchinson,
Diary and Letters
, I:133.

27
. Committee of Correspondence Papers, June 24, 1774, MHS.

28
. George Washington to George William Fairfax, June 19, 1774, in Abbot and Twohig,
Papers of George Washington, Colonial Series
, 10:94–101.

29
. Knollenberg,
Growth
, 163–64.

30
. Thomas Hutchinson, Sr. to Thomas Hutchinson III, July 2, 1774, in ibid., 179–80.

31
. Ibid.

32
. Thomas Hutchinson to General Gage, July 4, 1774, in Hutchinson,
Diary and Letters
, 175–76.

33
. Edmund Burke,
First Speech on the Conciliation with America and American Taxation
before Parliament, April 19, 1774, as cited in John Bartlett and Justin Kaplan, eds.,
Familiar Quotations
, 16th ed. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1992), 331.

34
. Hutchinson,
Diary and Letters
, 188–89.

35
. Henry, I:164.

36
.
Virginia Gazette
, July 28, 1774.

Notes to Chapter 13

1
. Ford,
Writings of John Dickinson
, I:9–10.

2
. Samuel Adams to Richard Henry Lee, April 10, 1773 and
New Hampshire Gazette
, June 18, 1773, in Henry, I:167–68.

3
. William Palfrey to Samuel Adams, September 1774, in First Corps Cadet Papers, cited by Allan, 175.

4
. Allan, 164.

5
. Knollenberg,
Growth
, 168.

6
. Ferling, 126.

7
.
Boston Evening Post
, September 19, 1774, BPL.

8
. Allan, 164.

9
. William Lincoln, ed.,
The Journals of Each Provincial Congress of Massachusetts in 1774 and 1775 . . .
(Boston: 1838), 643–44, BPL.

10
. Ibid., 629.

11
. Circular letter of April 20, 1773, in Knollenberg,
Growth
, 261.

12
.
Boston News-Letter,
January 11, 1770.

13
. [Samuel Johnson],
Taxation No Tyranny
(London, 1775), cited in Knollenberg,
Origin
, 261.

14
. Adams,
Works
, X:197.

15
. Entry dated March 6, 1775, in Elizabeth E. Dana, ed.,
The British in Boston: Being the Diary of Lieutenant John Barker
(Cambridge, MA, 1924), 25–26.

16
. Hutchinson,
Diary and Letters
, I:203.

17
. Unger,
Hancock
, 191.

18
. Edmund Burke,
Second Speech on Conciliation with America. The Thirteen Resolutions
, March 12, 1775, in Bartlett and Kaplan,
Familiar Quotations
, 331.

19
. Thomas Hutchinson to _______, August 8, 1774, Hutchinson,
Diary and Letters
, I:215.

20
. Ibid.

21
. Henry, I:257–58.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Ibid., I:262–64.

24
. Ibid., I:266. (
Author's note
: No actual transcript of Henry's speech exists; the words shown here represent a reconstruction by Henry's first biographer William Wirt. A renowned attorney and historian, Wirt extrapolated its contents from recollections—forty years after the event—by those present at St. Paul's, including Judge John Tyler, an intimate of Henry's, Thomas Jefferson, Edmund Randolph, and Judge St. George Tucker, among others. Hardly a friend of Henry, Jefferson did not alter a word in Wirt's reconstruction of the speech and reiterated his appraisal of Henry as the greatest orator in history. As I stated previously, I believe that word-for-word accuracy is less important than an accurate presentation of Henry's meaning, his passion, and his eloquence.)

25
. MHS
Proceedings.

26
. MHS
Proceedings
, 1st Series, V (1862):211.

27
. MHS
Journals
, 509–12.

28
. Ibid., 748–50.

29
. All four guns served in the Revolutionary War, although two of them eventually fell into British hands, whereas the “Adams” exploded and left the Hancock as the only one to serve during the entire war. It stands today at the Bunker Hill Monument with this inscription attached:

THE HANCOCK

SACRED TO LIBERTY

This is one of four cannon which constituted the

whole train of Field Artillery possessed by the

British colonies of North America

at the commencement of the war on the

19th of April, 1775.

THIS CANNON

and its fellow, belonging to a number of citizens

of Boston, were used in many engagements

during the war. The other two, the

property of the Government of

Massachusetts, were taken by

the enemy.

By order of the United States Congress assembled, May 19, 1788.

30
. John Hancock to Edmund Quincy, April 7, 1775, Houghton Library.

31
. Fowler, Jr., 181.

32
. Paul Revere to corresponding secretary of Massachusetts Historical Society in MHS
Collections
, 1st Series, V (1798):106–07, MHS.

33
. Ibid., 107.

34
. Ibid.

35
. General William H. Sumner, “Reminiscences,” in
New England Historical and Genealogical Register
VIII (1854):187–88.

36
. Knollenberg,
Growth
, 189.

37
. Elizabeth Clarke to Lucy W. Allen, April 19, 1841, in Lexington Historical Society
Proceedings
IV (1912):91–92.

38
. Ibid., 91.

Notes to Chapter 14

1
. G. R. Barnes and J. H. Owens, eds.,
The Private Papers of John, Earl of Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty, 1771–1782
(Naval Records Society Publications 69, 71, 75, 78 (1932–1938), I:61, cited in Don Higginbotham,
The War of Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies and Practice, 1763–1789
(New York: Macmillan Company, 1971), 61.