Who Was Dracula? (29 page)

The fate of the Lyceum was discussed in Stoker,
Personal Reminiscences
; Irving,
Henry Irving
; and Miller,
Bram Stoker's Dracula
. Ellen Terry's recollection is from Terry,
Ellen Terry's Memoirs.

C
HAPTER
F
IFTEEN
. T
HE
F
RIENDS
, “I
NTO
T
HY
H
ANDS
, O L
ORD
”

Terry's description of
The Bells
is from Terry,
Ellen Terry's Memoirs
. The account of Irving's last performances is from Stoker,
Personal Reminiscences
, and Irving,
Henry Irving
. Shaw's remarks and Terry's response are from Rowell,
Theatre in the Age of Irving
.

The reviews of
Personal Reminiscences
, as well as Stoker's later fiction, are from Senf,
The Critical Response to Bram Stoker
, and Miller,
Bram Stoker's Dracula
. The last years of Stoker's life are taken from Belford,
Bram Stoker
, and Murray,
From the Shadow of Dracula.

The Lair of the White Worm
received fascinating discussions by Ludlam,
A Biography of Dracula
, and Farson,
The Man Who Wrote Dracula
. Obituaries of Stoker have been reproduced in Miller,
Bram Stoker's Dracula
. Farson discussed his syphilis theory in
The Man Who Wrote Dracula
; this has been debated in later books, particularly Murray,
From the Shadow of Dracula
, and Miller,
Bram Stoker's Dracula
.

Dracula's Guest
is discussed in Miller,
Bram Stoker's Dracula
, and Stoker,
Bram Stoker's Notes for Dracula
.

C
HAPTER
S
IXTEEN
. T
H
E
L
EGEND
, “S
PREAD
OVER
C
E
NTURIES
”

The story of Florence Stoker's battle with
Nosferatu
and the construction of the play for the West End and Broadway are taken from David J. Skal's masterly book
Hollywood Gothic
, as well as Hamilton Deane and John L. Balderston,
Dracula
, ed. and annot. David J. Skal (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993); Ludlam,
A Biography of Dracula
; and Farson,
The Man Who Wrote Dracula
. Hamilton Deane's story is told in Ludlam's book.

I wrote about the English Grand Guignol productions, and its influence on other entertainments (like Sawing a Woman in Half), in Steinmeyer,
Hiding the Elephant
(New York: Carroll and Graf, 2003). I discussed
Dracula
onstage, and the mystery dramas that surrounded it on Broadway, in “The Spider in the Flies,”
Gibercière
6, no. 1 (Winter 2011), pp. 11–35. Reviews of
Dracula
are from Deane and Balderston,
Dracula
, and Samuel L. Leiter, ed.,
The Encyclopedia of the
New York Stage, 1920–1930
(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985).

Deane's appearance at the Lyceum with Lugosi is from Ludlam,
A Biography of Dracula
.

Elizabeth Miller has comprehensively, and entertainingly, discussed the various psychological and sexual theories that surround
Dracula
in her paper “Coitus Interruptus: Sex, Bram Stoker, and
Dracula
,”
Romanticism on the Net
, no. 44 (November 2006). Skal's remarks are from David J. Skal,
The Monster Show: A Cultural History of Horror
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1993). Stephenie Meyer's remarks are quoted from her interviews with Gregory Kirschling (
Entertainment Weekly
, July 5, 2008) and with Rick Margolis (
School Library Journal
, October 1, 2005).

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.

Abberline, Frederick, 217

Account of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, An
(Wilkinson), 106–7, 112, 114

Adams, Maude, 58

Adelphi Theatre (London), 52

AIDS, 296

American Indians, 154

American Museum (New York), 32

Archer, William, 172

Archibald Constable and Company, 111

Aria, Eliza Davis, 179

Aristotle, 204

Arms and the Man
(Shaw), 149

Arthur, Chester, 68

Asquith, H. H., 220

Athenaeum
(literary magazine), 52–53, 127, 229, 257

Austin, Louis, 70–72, 210

Balderston, John, 288

Balfour, Arthur, 220

“Ballad of Reading Gaol, The” (Wilde), 248

Bancroft, Squire, 98

Bandmann, Daniel, 141

Bara, Theda, 118

Barnett, Joseph, 151

Barnum, P. T., 32

Barrett, Lawrence, 265

Barrett, Thomas, 143

Bat, The
(Rinehart), 289

Bateman, Colonel Hezekiah Linthicum, 39–40

Bateman, Isabel, 40, 44–45, 54

Bateman, Sidney, 44

Baxter, Wynne, 145–46

Beau Brummell
(Fitch), 223–24

Becket, Thomas à, 172, 264

Beerbohm, Max, 53, 172, 178

Belasco, David, 135

Belford, Barbara, 167–68

Bells, The
(Lewis), 40–42, 54, 61, 171, 181–82, 184, 263–64

Bernhardt, Sarah, 200

“Bertha in the Lane” (Browning), 22–23

Bird, Isabella L., 109

Blackburn, J. W., 156

Blackwood's Magazine
, 218, 220, 221, 268

Bondsman, The
(Caine), 65

Boner, Charles, 109

Bookman
, 257, 268

Booth, Edwin, 5–6, 51, 170, 265, 281

Booth, Michael R., 17

Boucicault, Dion, 32–33, 58

Bowyer, Thomas, 152

Bram Stoker
(Belford), 168

Brereton, Austin, 70, 210

British Museum, 55, 114

Brodribb, John Henry,
see
Irving, Henry

Brookfield, Charles, 236–38

Brown, Ford Madox, 199

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 22–23

Browning, Tod, 291

Burdett-Coutts, Baroness, 90

Burton, Richard, xiv, 200

Byrnes, Police Inspector, 163

Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 31, 250, 254

Cagliostro, Alessandro, 270

Caine, Thomas Hall, 64–66, 70, 152–54, 156–59, 165–66, 209, 249, 273

“Calamus” poems (Whitman), 33–34

Carmilla
(Le Fanu), 30, 31, 88, 99, 106

Carroll, Lewis, 72

Carson, Edward, 238–40

Cat and the Canary, The
(Willard), 289

Central News Agency, 51

Chaney, Lon, 291

Chapman, Annie, 145

Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
(Byron), 250

Christian, The
(Caine), 65

Church of Ireland, 24

Civil War, 101, 158, 193–94

Clarke, Edward, 239

Cleveland, Grover, 68

Cleveland Street Scandal, 217–18, 220, 221, 224–26

Clutch of Vampires
(McNally and Florescu), 115

Cody, William F. “Buffalo Bill,” 68

Collins, Wilke, 72, 136

Conan Doyle, Arthur, 64, 131, 183, 254

Connelly, Mary Ann, 143

Coppola, Francis Ford, xi

Corsair, The
(Byron), 251

Corsican Brothers, The
(Boucicault), 58, 139, 181

Courtauld Institute of Art, 282

Courtney, W. L., 126, 136

Coutts and Company, 90

Covent Garden (London), 67

Crabbet Club, 230

Craig, Edith, 46, 123

Craig, Edward Gordon, 46, 49, 54, 98, 171

Craven, Hawes, 10, 104

Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885), Labouchère Amendment to, 161–62, 215–16, 218, 247

Criterion
, 193

Crosse, A. F., 109

“Crystal Cup, The” (Stoker), 30

Cup, The
(Tennyson), 55

Curzon, George, 230

Cymbeline
(Shakespeare), 184

Damala, Jacques, 200

Davenport Brothers, 170, 171

Dead Heart, The
(Gibbon), 97–98

“De Profundis” (Wilde), 248, 249

Deane, Hamilton, 280, 284–87, 291–94

Deemster, The
(Caine), 65

Detroit Free Press
, 128

Devant, David, 18

Devil's Disciple, The
(Shaw), 149

Dickens, Charles, 72, 156

Disney Corporation, 293

Don Quixote
(Cervantes), 176

Donaghey, Frederick, 183, 185, 256

Donaldson, Thomas, 69

Doubleday Publishers, 200

Douglas, Alfred “Bosie,” 231, 233, 234, 236–38, 248

Dowden, Edward, 33, 34

Dracul, Voivuaode,
see
Tepes, Vlad

Dracula
(Stoker), 117–18, 210, 276–77, 294–95

biographical elements in, 255–56

contract signed for, 111

copyright performance of, 118–26

critical response to, xi, 126–32, 136–37, 139

dedication of, 66, 152–53

deleted climax of, 94

first American edition of, 106, 128

historical predecessor of,
see
Tepes, Vlad

inadequacies of, 94–95

inspirations for, xiv-xvi, 19, 97, 101–102, 105, 116, 167–68, 184–85, 200, 207, 212, 225–26, 243–45, 250–55, 251, 255, 295

introduction to Icelandic edition of, 133–34

popular culture influenced by, xi, xii, 279, 296–98

publication of, 126, 179

royalties from, 268–69

sexual aspects of, 203–206, 295–96

stage and screen adaptations of, xi–xiv, 117, 183–84, 279–94, 298

synopses of excerpts from, 1–4, 75–94, 187–88, 225–26, 231–32

time frame of, 134–37

writing process of, xiv, xv, 73, 85, 97–100, 102–10, 165–66, 200–201, 226, 231, 245, 256, 276

Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories
(Stoker), 276–77

Drama
, 267–68

Dramatic Review
, 213

“Dream of Eugene Aram, The” (Hood), 36, 39, 40

Drew, John, 57–58

Drum-Taps
(Whitman), 194

Drumlanrig, Lord, 234–35

Dublin Castle, 24, 25

Petty Sessions, 27

Dublin Evening Mail
, 26, 30, 35–36

Dublin University Magazine
, 31

Duke of York's Theatre (London), 287

du Maurier, George, 182

Dumas, Alexandre,
père
, 32

Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland, The
(Stoker), 43, 51

Easton, Earl of, 217

Eddowes, Catherine, 146–47

Eddy, Prince, 218

Edison, Thomas, 11

Edward, Prince of Wales, 175, 218

Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 270

Ellis, Havelock, 214

Ellmann, Richard, 214, 241

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 193, 203

Essential Dracula, The
(McNally and Florescu), 115

Eugenie, Empress of France, 100

Evans, Stewart, 159–60, 163

Famous Impostors
(Stoker), 270

Farson, Daniel, 50, 168, 271, 272, 274

Faust
(Goethe), 5–19, 48, 137, 181, 170, 184

Fitch, Clyde, 221–24, 226, 230–31

Fitz-Simons, Alice, 166

Florescu, Radu, 113–16

Foresters, The
(Tennyson), 119

Fortnightly Review
, 220

Frankenstein
(Shelley), 32, 132, 136, 251, 283

film of, 292, 294

Frederick Lemaitre
(Fitch), 222

French Revolution, 98

Freud, Sigmund, 130

Frye, Dwight, 291

Gainey, Paul, 159–60

Garrick, David, 267

Generall Historie of the Turkes, The
(Knolles), 114

Gerard, Emily de Laszowska, 107–8

German Expressionism, 283

Gielgud, John, 293

Gilbert, W. S., 50, 214

Gill, Charles, 242

Gillette, William, 183

Gladstone, William, 59, 203

“Glimpse of America, A” (Stoker), 70, 213

Godwin, Edwin, 46

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 5, 9, 18

Golden Chersonese and the Way Thither, The
(Bird), 109

Goldwyn, Samuel, 245

Gothic drama and fiction, xv, 30, 80, 135, 271

Gouraud, Colonel, 11

Grand Guignol, 285–87

Grau, Albin, 283, 284

Gray, John, 230

Gray, Robert, 109

Green Carnation, The (Hichens), 232–34

Hamlet
(Shakespeare), 6, 8, 35, 44, 47, 48, 153, 170, 173, 182, 191, 293

Happy Prince and Other Tales, The
(Wilde), 213

Harris, Frank, 161–62, 220, 237, 244

Harvard University, 71

Hatton, Joseph, 70

Henry VIII
(Shakespeare), 232

Henry Irving's Impressions of America
(Hatton), 70

Her Majesty's Theatre (London), 104

Hichens, Robert, 182, 232–33

Hitchcock, Alfred, 40

Hodson, Henrietta, 44

Home, Sweet Home
(Caine), 65

Hood, Thomas, 36, 40

House of Commons, 218

House of Lords, 234

Hughes, Willie, 219, 221, 227

Huntley, Raymond, 286, 289, 294

Ibsen, Henrik, 149

Ideal Husband, An
(Wilde), 236, 248

Illustrated Police News
, 143–44

Importance of Being Earnest, The
(Wilde), 236–37, 248

In a Glass Darkly
(Le Fanu), 30

In Search of Dracula
(McNally and Florescu), 113–16

Irish potato famine, 24

cholera epidemic during, 51

Irving, Florence (née O'Callaghan), 39, 41–42, 45

Irving, H. B. (son), 139

Irving, Henry, xi, 50, 53, 63–64, 101, 118, 168–84, 233, 280, 287, 293, 298

American tours of, 52, 68–71, 128, 141, 166, 168, 177, 183, 196

backdrops for productions of, 104, 180–81, 257

Batemans and, 39–40, 44–45

at copyright performance of
Dracula
script, 120, 123, 126, 282

death of, 265–67, 269

dinners hosted by, xiv–xv, 66–68, 165, 279

Dracula inspired by, xvi, 167–68, 184–85, 200, 251, 255, 295

dual roles of, 58, 139

extras used by, 55–56, 58–60

farewell tour of, 263–64

Faust
produced by, 5–19, 60

financial problems of, 258–60

first meeting of Stoker and, 36–37, 39, 153

Fitch and, 222, 224

Hall Caine and, 64–65, 153

illness of, 257–58

intellectual limitations of, 253–54

Irish tours of, 26, 35–36, 43, 45, 57, 63, 68–71, 153, 168, 177, 284

knighthood of, 175–78, 235, 242

lighting techniques of, 7, 11–12, 14, 135

Mansfield and, 148–49

marriage of, 39, 41–42, 45

in melodramas, 68, 97–98, 140, 172, 301

patrons of, 90, 161

pets of, 49, 57, 179

royal command performances of, 61–62

Shakespearean roles of, 5–6, 8, 35, 44, 47, 48, 51, 60–62, 64, 153, 169–73, 180, 184, 232, 268, 293

Stoker's reminiscences of, 21–24, 201, 204, 207, 209–12, 267–68, 273

Stoker's son named for, 49

sycophants of, 70–72, 210

Terry and, 46–49, 53–54, 172–73, 179–80, 240, 259–61, 263

Tree's competition with, 236

voice recording of, 53

Wilde and, 51, 212, 213, 215, 220, 249, 256

Irving, Laurence, 171, 240, 259

Irving, Washington, 169

Jack the Ripper, xvi, 90, 133–35, 143–48, 151–53, 160, 163–66, 216, 217, 238, 295

James, Henry, 18

Jewel of Seven Stars, The
(Stoker), 269, 270

Jeyes, Samuel Henry, 229–30

Johnson, Major E. C., 109

Jones, Colonel, 217

Jones, T. Arthur, 123

Juif Polonais, Le
(Erckmann-Chatrian), 40

Jukes, Bernard, 289

Karloff, Boris, 294

Kean, Charles, 46

Kean, Edmund, 25

Kelly, Charles, 46

Kelly, Mary Jane, 151–52

Kendal, William H. and Madge, 222

King Arthur
(Carr), 177

King Lear
(Shakespeare), 172

Knolles, Richard, 114

Labouchère, Henry, 44, 161–62, 215–16, 218, 220, 247, 249

Lady of Lyons, The
(Bulwer-Lytton), 55

Lady of the Shroud, The
(Stoker), 270

Lady Windermere's Fan
(Wilde), 232, 236, 280, 285

Laemmle, Carl, 290

Laemmle, Carl, Jr., 290–92

Lair of the White Worm, The
(Stoker), 270–72, 274, 275