When Paris Went Dark (53 page)
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Authors: Ronald C. Rosbottom
Tags: #History / Europe / France, #History / Jewish, #History / Military / World War Ii
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Divided Memory: French Recollections of World War II from the Liberation to the Present
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Histoire de La Résistance: 1940–1945
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HHhH.
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The World at Night: A Novel.
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La Place de l’Étoile.
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La Ronde de nuit.
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La Traversée de Paris
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Ich bin Jude! Ich bin Jude! Jewish Youth Movements’ Resistance in Occupied France.
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La Rafle
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La Bataille du rail
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______.
Is Paris Burning?
Hollywood, CA: Paramount Home Entertainment, 2003. DVD.
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Le Corbeau.
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The World at War.
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Kern, Jerome, with Oscar Hammerstein. “The Last Time I Saw Paris.” New York: Chappell, 1940.
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Shoah
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Losey, Joseph, dir.
Monsieur Klein.
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Madsen, Ole Christian, dir.
Flame and Citron
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Au revoir les enfants
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______.
Lacombe Lucien
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______.
Le Silence de la mer
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Les Guichets du Louvre
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Le Chagrin et la pitié: Chronique d’une ville française sous l’Occupation
(The Sorrow and the Pity: Chronicle of a French City Under the Occupation). Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: Gaumont Video, 2011. DVD.
Paquet-Brenner, Gilles, dir.
Elle s’appelait Sarah
(Sarah’s Key). Issy-les-Moulineaux, France: TF1 Video, 2011. DVD.
Resnais, Alain, dir.
Hiroshima mon amour
. Irvington, NY: Criterion Collection, 2003. DVD.
______.
Nuit et brouillard
(Night and Fog). Irvington, NY: Criterion Collection, 2003. DVD.
Ronce, Philippe, dir.
Archives de guerre 1940–1945: Ce que les Français ont vu dans les salles de cinéma
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Germany, Year Zero.
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______.
Roma, città aperta
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Schuler, Hannes, dir.
Hitler’s Museum: The Secret History of Art Theft During World War II
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Spielberg, Steven, dir.
Schindler’s List
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Tarantino, Quentin, dir.
Inglourious Basterds
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Le Dernier métro
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Viseur, Reinhardt, ed.
Jazz sous l’Occupation
. Paris: Universal Music/Gitanes Jazz Productions, 2002. CD.
Waren, Mark.
Dancing Lessons: A Documentary Film
. New York: Dramatic Risks, Inc., 2010. DVD.
*
The very northern part of France was attached to the military government of Belgium; the eastern provinces of Alsace and Lorraine (which Germany had assimilated in the Franco-Prussian War and lost in the 1918 armistice) were reabsorbed into the Reich. Sections of southeastern France were put under Italian control. But the most significant division was between what became known as the Occupied and the Unoccupied Zones (which lasted until November of 1942): the northern zone ranged from the Rhine to the entire Atlantic and Channel coasts, down to the Spanish border, and of course included Paris. The Unoccupied, Vichy, or “Free Zone” comprised essentially central and south-central France to the Pyrénées, including most of the Mediterranean coast.
*
Investment
is an underused English term for a military blockade or the imposition of a controlling authority.
*
French astronomers, engineers, and the artillery corps began using a combination of guesswork, physics, geometry, and air reconnaissance to discover the site from which the Germans were lobbing these shells.
*
Warsaw had been bombed into submission in 1939. On May 14, 1940, the Luftwaffe conducted a devastating air raid on Rotterdam, Europe’s largest port. The old center of the city was destroyed; hundreds were killed and tens of thousands made homeless. The Dutch government surrendered the next day. The scenes of shattered cities were thereafter embedded in the minds of Europeans under Nazi threat.
*
What was the historical event that had occasioned this work? A French naval vessel, the
Méduse
, had foundered off the coast of western Africa. Crew and officers had escaped onto a hastily built raft with only enough water and food to last a few days. Although the men had intended to float to shore, the improvised raft moved farther out to sea. Before long there was a mutiny against the officers, who were killed. Many of the rest died before the raft was finally rescued. A subsequent trial brought out horrible stories of desperate attempts to survive, including murder and cannibalism. These published accounts tarnished the reputation of the French navy and the legacy of the French Revolution:
Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité.
*
The guide contained information about Paris’s most chic shops and services, Métro maps, lists of French phrases, cultural advice (e.g., how to deal with Parisian police), and many, many ads for bars, restaurants, and cabarets (even those featuring Gypsy music; while their fellows were murdering Romanies in eastern Europe, the touring soldiers would line up to hear Django Reinhardt and other “approved” Gypsy musicians).
*
The Maginot Line was an extensive series of massive forts built into the terrain in the 1930s from the border of Switzerland to Luxembourg. This was France’s first line of defense against a German invasion. The Germans, of course, went around it in 1940.
