Warwick the Kingmaker (51 page)

Though Warwick had twelve days of Louis’s undivided attention, the conference was cut short by the death of Philip the Good. The earl departed from Rouen on 16 June and from Honfleur on 23 June, arriving back in London on 1 July.139 In his absence, however, not only had he missed the whole of the opening session of parliament, but also on 8 June the dismissal of his brother Archbishop Neville as chancellor. Coinciding with Warwick’s absence and the tournament of the queen’s brother Anthony Lord Scales with Anthony Grand Bastard of Burgundy, it was a coup d’état comparable to Richard II’s declaration of age in 1389 and Gloucester’s assumption of the protectorate in 1483. The dominance of the Nevilles had ended. An era of Anglo-Burgundian alliance had begun.

NOTES

1. J. C. Wedgwood,
History of Parliament 1439–1509
(2 vols, 1936–8),
Biographies
, 209; E 403/822 sub 21 Jun. 1461; R. Somerville,
History of the Duchy of Lancaster
, i (1953), 425.

2.
CPR 1461–7
, 103–4; Somerville, i. 564, 568; HMC
Hastings
i. 302;
pace
C. D. Ross,
Edward IV
(1974), 71.

3.
Annales
, 788. Did Warwick surrender the stewardship of High Peak (Derbys.) to Mountjoy before the honour was granted to Clarence in 1464?

4.
CPR
1461–7, 95.

5. Ibid. 45, 47, 71;
CFR 1461–71
, 37–8.

6.
CPR 1461–7
, 186, 189.

7.
CCR 1454–61
, 186, 324;
1461–8
, 90–1, 93, 135, 323, 369–70, 375, 382, 441, 449;
1468–76
, nos. 136, 278, 335;
CPR 1461–7
, 112;
1467–77
, no. 1206;
RP
v. 634–5; HMC
9th Rep.
ix. 270–1; iv. 461;
Testamenta Vetusta
, ed. N. H. Nicolas (1826), i. 293;
Testamenta
Eboracensia
, iii, ed. J. Raine (Surtees Soc. xlv, 1864), 170;
A Descriptive Catalogue of
Ancient Deeds
, 6 vols (1890–1915), i. C17; iii. 4251–3;
Plumpton L & P
37; E 326/B6800, B10787; G. Wrottesley, ‘Extracts from the Plea Rolls’,
Staffs. Hist. Collections
ns. vi.i. (1903), 130.

8. C 1/39/33;
Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica
, i. 347–8;
The Plumpton
Correspondence
, ed. T. Stapleton (Camden Soc. iv, 1839), xciv;
CCR 1468–76
, no. 676;
Plumpton L & P
37.

9.
Paston L & P
i. 322–3, 388–9; C. F. Richmond,
The Paston Family in the Fifteenth
Century: The First Phase
(Cambridge, 1991), 156;
Fastolf ’s Will
(Cambridge, 1996), 120, 126.

10.
CCR 1468–76
, no. 136.

11.
Paston L & P
ii. 273.

12. C 76/145 m. 14; C 81/792/1096; C 49/55/32, /60/2.

13.
CPR 1461–7
, 215;
1467–77
, 160.

14. DL 37/33/91;
CPR 1461–7
111.

15. E 210/D2617; E 315/50/132.

16. BL MS Harl. 787, f.2.

17. Hicks, ‘Barnard Castle’, 225; A. J. Pollard, ‘St Cuthbert and the Hog’,
Kings and
Nobles in the Late Middle Ages
, ed. R. A. Griffiths and J. W. Sherborne (Gloucester, 1986), 110.

18.
Register of Thomas Bekynton, Bishop of Bath and Wells 1443–65
, ed. H. C. Maxwell-Lyte and M. C. B. Dawes (Somerset Rec. Soc. xlix, 1934), no. 1617.

19. Hicks,
Richard III
, 324;
Warwickshire Fines
, no. 2683.

20. M. A. Hicks, ‘An Escheat Concealed: The Despenser Estate in Hampshire 1400–61’,
Hampshire Studies
liii, 183–9 (1998), forthcoming; E 159/239 rec. Trin. 1 Edw. IV m. 13d;
CPR 1461–7
, 119.

21. Hicks,
Richard III
, 359–60;
Rous Roll
, no. 59.

22.
CPR 1461–7
, 215–16; see also e.g.
Plumpton L & P
37.

23. P. de Commines,
Mémoires
, ed. J. Calmette and G. Durville (3 vols, Paris, 1923–5), i. 191–2.

24. J. M. W. Bean,
From Lord to Patron
(Manchester, 1989), 178.

25.
Great Chron.
207.

26.
Testamenta Eboracensia
, ii. 242–3.

27. P. W. Hammond, ‘The Funeral of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury’,
The Ricardian
87 (1983), 410–16; P. Routh, ‘Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury: The Burghfield Effigy’, loc. cit. 417–23;
Collection of Ordinances of the Royal Household
(Soc. Antiquaries, 1790), 131–3; W. E. Hampton,
Memorials of the Wars of the Roses: A Biographical Guide
(Upminster, 1979), no. 5.

28. A. Payne, ‘The Salisbury Roll of Arms, c.1463’,
England in the Fifteenth Century
, ed. D. Williams (Woodbridge, 1987), 187–98, esp. 197.

29. J. Leland,
De rebus britannicis collectanea
, ed. T. Hearne (Oxford, 1770), vi. 2–4. Warwick was at Topcliffe on 19 September,
Plumpton L & P
37.

30.
Stone’s Chron.
, 109–10.

31.
Collection of Ordinances
, 98.

32.
CPR 1461–7
, 270.

33.
CPL 1458–71
, 593, 614, 704.

34.
CPR 1461–7
, 93; but see also ibid.
1467–77
, 67.

35. Ibid.
1467–77
, 295–6; Hicks,
Richard III
, 343.

36. See below p. 237.

37.
CPR 1461–7
, 462;
CPL 1458–71
, 322–4;
Rous Roll
, no. 57.

38.
Annales
, 786.

39.
CPR 1461–7
, 186, 189, 434–5.

40. Bodl. MS. Dodsworth, 41, f. 113v; SC 6/1085/20.

41.
Annales
, 783.

42. Scofield, i. 161, 176, 179, 251; Waurin-Dupont, iii. 177.

43. BN MS 20488 f. 23.

44. Jones and Walker, ‘Private Contracts’, 157–8.

45.
Testamenta Eboracensia
ii. 242;
CPR 1461–7
, 15.

46. Hicks, ‘Barnard Castle’, 225. In January 1462 the prior of Durham confirmed Bothe’s grant to him, Durham Chapter Reg. Parv. 3, f. 110.

47. Somerville, i. 422, 493; C 81/783/167;
CPR 1461–7
, 71, 95; DL 37/34/33–5.

48.
CPR
1461–7, 186, 189, 434–5; Somerville, i. 507, 514–15, 518, 524–5, 534; DL 37/34/35.

49. R. L. Storey, ‘The Wardens of the Marches of England towards Scotland 1377–1489’,
EHR
lxxii (1957), 614 & n. Warwick’s new West March indenture of Feb. 1462 for 20 years from 4 Mar. 1461 slightly extended his previous term from 1474 to 1481, ibid. 614 & n.

50. Bodl. MS Dodsworth 41, f. 113v.

51. Bean,
From Lord to Patron
, 168; Pollard, ‘Northern Retainers’, 64–5; SC 6/1085/20 m. 11.

52. Somerville, i. 425, 514–15; DL 37/33/66.

53. Jones and Walker, ‘Private Contracts’, 167–8, 171; C. H. Hunter Blair, ‘Two Letters for Hutton John, near Penrith, Cumberland’,
Archaeologia Aeliana
4th ser. xxxix (1961), plate xxxiv.

54.
Priory of Hexham
, ed. J. Raine (Surtees Soc. xliv, 1863), ciii.

55.
CPR 1461–7
, 47; RCHME,
Inventory of Historical Monuments in the City of York
, v,
The Centre
(1981), 62–3, 65–6.

56. Pollard, ‘Richmondshire Community’, 54–5.

57.
Plumpton L & P
6–7;
CPR 1452–61
, 177.

58. Scofield, i. 174–5;
CPR 1461–7
, 45;
Ingulph’s Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland
, ed. H. T. Riley (1854), 426.

59.
CPR 1461–7
, 30, 561–2, 563–5, 569;
The Brut
, 533.

60.
RP
v. 478; Scofield,
Edward IV
, i. 183; Jones and Walker, ‘Private Contracts’, 167–8; Summerson,
Medieval Carlisle
, 446–8.

61.
RP
v. 478; Ross,
Edward IV
, 46.

62.
Rot. Scot.
i. 402; E 404/72/1/32; Scofield,
Edward IV
, i. 184, 190.

63. Scofield, i. 204; Goodman,
Wars of the Roses
, 57.

64. Scofield, i. 205, 254.

65. DL 37/30/16, 216; see also C. Richmond, ‘The Nobility and the Wars of the Roses 1459–61’,
NMS
xxi (1977), 86.

66.
CPR 1461–7
, 89, 119; C 81/788/623;
The Fane Fragment of the Lords Journal
, ed. W. H. Dunham (New Haven, Conn., 1935), 3–28.

67. Scofield, i. 234; J. Calmette and G. Perinelle,
Louis XI et l’Angleterre
(Paris, 1930), 14n, 264–5.

68. Scofield, i. 238, 241, 244n; East Sussex RO Rye Borough Recs. 60/2 m. 94-d; see also
Calendar of the Black & White Books of the Cinque Ports 1431–1955
, ed. F. Hull (1966), 43.

69. Scofield, i. 248, 255, 258; Bodl. MS. Dugdale 18, f. 59v; G. Vaesen,
Lettres de
Louis XI
, ii (SHF ccxlviii, Paris, 1890), 68.

70. Scofield, i. 256.

71. Ross,
Edward IV
, 47–8.

72. Vallet de Viriville,
Charles VII
, iii. 463; Dunlop,
Kennedy
, 224–5; N. Macdougall,
James III: A Political History
(Edinburgh, 1982), 53, 59; Scofield, i. 244.

73. E 101/71/5/940–4, 946;
York Chamberlain’s Accounts
, 110;
Annales
, 779; Scofield, i. 244n; Jones and Walker, ‘Private Contracts’, 169–71; F. W. Ragg, ‘Helton, Flechan Askham and Sandford of Askham’,
TCWAS
n.s. xxi (1921), 186–7.

74. Dunlop,
Kennedy
, 229–30; Macdougall,
James III
, 60; Ross,
Edward IV
, 49; Scofield, i. 248–9;
Vale’s Bk.
144;
Paston L & P
ii. 279, 284–5;
Annales
, 779;
York Chamberlains’ Accounts
, 111; SC 6/1085/20 m. 11.

75.
Vale’s Bk.
144.

76.
Annales
, 780; Ross,
Edward IV
, 50; Scofield, i. 261–4;
Paston L & P
i. 522;
CPR 1461–7
, 231.

77.
Vale’s Bk.
171–2.

78.
Paston L & P
i. 523.

79. Ibid. ii. 286.

80. Ibid. i. 523;
Priory of Hexham
, cvii.

81. Goodman,
War of the Roses
, 131.

82.
Warkworth’s Chron.
2;
Annales
, 781;
Priory of Hexham
, cvii; Dunlop,
Kennedy
, 232; Macdougall,
James III
, 60.

83. Pollard, ‘Richmondshire Gentry’, 54; SC 6/1085/20 m. 11.

84.
Select Cases before the King’s Council 1243–1482
, ed. I. S. Leadam and J. F. Baldwin (Selden Soc. xxxv, 1918), 114; E 28/90/21, 23;
CPR 1476–85
, 379;
RP
v. 496.

85.
Priory of Hexham
, lxi;
GEC
v. 205.

86. Summerson,
Medieval Carlisle
, 462; Scofield, i. 288; Storey, ‘Wardens’, 615 & n.

87. Waurin-Dupont, iii. 160, 162–3;
Registrum Thome Bourgchier Cantuariensis
Archiepiscopi 1454–86
, ed. F. R. H. Du Boulay (Canterbury & York Soc. liv, 1957), 101.

88.
Vale’s Bk.
148–9.

89.
Chronicles of London
, ed. C. L. Kingsford (1905), 178;
Reg. Bourgchier
, 101; E 404/72/3/70,/71,/74.

90.
Priory of Hexham
, cviii;
Testamenta Eboracensia
, ii. 242n; Scofield, ii. 461.

91. Scofield, ii. 461–2; K. Bittman, ‘La campagne lancastrienne de 1463’,
Revue Belge de
Philologie et d’Histoire
xxvi (1948), 1058–83, esp. 1082–3;
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
177; Calmette and Perinelle, 31.

92. Scofield, i. 310–11.

93.
CPR 1461–7
, 303–4; Scofield, i. 317–19n;
Coventry Leet Book
, ii. 325–6; Ross,
Edward IV
, 57; KB 9/33/10d, 49; Warwicks. RO CR 26/4, f. 69.

94.
CPR 1461–7
, 325;
RP
v. 315, 500; Anstis, i. 178;
Rot. Scot.
i. 410–11;
Foedera
v.ii. 514. The other ambassadors were Greystoke, Ogle, Kent, Strangways, Constable; earlier also Thornton and Goldwell.

95. Scofield, i. 329–30, 333–4;
Three 15th-Cent. Chrons.
178–9;
Annales
, 782;
Priory of
Hexham
, lviii–lx; DL 37/33/66.

96.
London Chrons.
178;
CPR 1461–7
, 295–6;
Foedera
xi. 517, 524–5.

97. BL Add. MS. 15644, f.9.

98.
Foedera
v.ii. 124;
Rot. Scot.
i. 413;
CPR 1461–7
, 342–3. His fellow mediators were FitzHugh, Greystoke, Huddleston, Sir William Parre, Christopher Conyers, and Master Roger Kelingale. There was no overlap with Montagu’s commissioners.

99.
Annales
, 783;
Priory of Hexham
, cxi;
Warkworth’s Chron.
37–9.

100. E 315/50/132;
Foedera
v.ii. 124.

101.
Foedera
, v.ii. 136.

102.
CPR 1461–71
, 45, 241; C 81/1633/102;
CPR 1461–7
, 422, 540; C. Arnold, ‘Commission of the Peace for the West Riding of Yorkshire 1437–1509’,
Property &
Politics: Essays in Later Medieval History
, ed. A. J. Pollard (Gloucester, 1984), 136.