Unholy Fury (60 page)

historic fear of isolation and vulnerability,
29
,
31

visit of the American Great White Fleet,
69
,
70

Australia (postwar to 1972)

Australian impressions of US in Nixon era,
140–2
; and the alliance,
141
; anti-Americanism,
141

Australia–US relations under Chifley,
29
,
30
,
31
,
70
; US suspicions,
32

British atomic tests in,
4
,
35

and Cold War,
23
,
31
,
34
,
312
; in Asia,
21
,
33
,
111
,
115
; Australian policies,
39
,
62
, (collapse of),
105
,
109
; conservative worldview,
89
,
95
,
102
,
103
,
109
,
128

distrust of Japan,
30–1
,
33
,
35
,
115
,
121

foreign policy on Asia,
22
,
40
,
42
,
60–1
; on Asian nationalism,
56
; troops in Malaysia and Singapore,
56
,
92
,
94
,
99
,
101
,
137

foreign policy priorities: keeping the Americans engaged in Asia,
21
,
22
,
56
,
62
,
89–90
,
97
,
105
,
119
; security with Britain;
22
,
35
; security with US,
21–2
,
26
,
31
(Labor attempts at pact),
29
,
30
,
31

impact of decisions of allies on defence policy,
22–3
,
90
,
92
,
93
,
107
; on security,
22
,
23

and Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation,
21
,
35
,
42
,
61
,
93

social issues and activism,
140

and White Australia policy,
22

see also
Australia and World War II
;
Britain
;
US–Australia alliance

Australian–American Association,
27
,
131
,
309

Australia in Whitlam period

and anti-Americanism,
182
,
220–1
,
273
,
282

Australian impressions of US,
303–4

Liberal–National Coalition: alliance policy,
223
,
233

memory of WWII: and loyalty to US relationship,
302

and ‘new nationalism',
251
,
252
; and US alliance,
280

politics: over Whitlam and foreign policy,
201
,
207
; rumours,
217
; the US alliance,
218–19
,
221
,
223
,
233
,
272
,
273
,
286
,
312
; US intelligence facilities,
266
; and a weakened government,
289–90
,
291

and US influence on politics,
269–70
,
281–2
; and CIA,
287
,
291–2
,
294
; covert activity contemplated,
260
,
270

and Vietnam war: and perception of US alliance,
302
; rallies,
178
; shock at Christmas bombings,
161

see also
trade unions in Australia

Australia after Whitlam years

foreign policy focus: engagement with Asia,
306
,
309

politics: US alliance,
311

Australia and World War II,
2
,
3
,
4

and alliance with US,
69–70
,
230
; friction with,
28–9

ANZAC agreement with New Zealand,
29

 

Barber, Stephen,
140

Barclay, Glen,
53
,
62

Barnard, Lance,
142
,
167
,
168
,
220
,
221
,
265

as defence minister,
266–7
,
269

Barwick, Garfield,
43
,
92

Bassett, Jan,
53

Battle, William (Bill),
36
,
37
,
139

Beale, Howard,
42–3

Berger, Samuel,
92

Bernstein, Carl,
241

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali,
207
,
226

Bolshakov, Vladimir,
295

Bowen, Nigel,
128

Bowers, John,
184

Brezhnev, Leonid,
205
,
207
,
226
,
232
,
234
,
242

Britain,
4
,
29

and ANZUS treaty,
34

and decolonisation,
41–2

and Europe,
22
,
304

recognises communist China,
39
,
115
,
116

relations with Australia,
4
,
29
,
31
,
35
,
40
,
42
,
70
; and security,
22
,
33
; sentimental ties,
34–5
; during Whitlam government,
196
,
197

as US ally,
150
,
153
,
304–5

and withdrawal of troops from east of Suez,
22
,
55–6
,
68
,
88
,
92
,
105
,
106–7
,
195
,
304

Brown, Bill,
270–1
,
272
,
273

Bull, Hedley,
105–6

Bundy, William,
60
,
71

Bury, Leslie,
128

Bush, George HW,
224

 

Cairns, Jim,
142
,
221
,
269–70
,
290

as deputy prime minister,
260
,
261
,
287
,
301
; on US defence facilities,
279–80
,
282

and Vietnam war,
160
,
168
,
177
,
183
,
185
,
192
,
261
,
287–8
; moratorium marches,
134
,
142

Califano, Joseph,
54

Calwell, Arthur,
36
,
38
,
39
,
65
,
76

and Johnson visit,
54
,
66–7

US appraisals of,
37
,
66
,
82

on Vietnam war,
64–5
,
66
,
84

Cambodia,
277
,
287
,
288

Cameron, Clyde,
142
,
177–8
,
182
,
185
,
192

Canada,
213

as US ally,
86
,
130

Caro, Robert,
57

Carter, Jimmy,
284
,
294

Casey, Richard (Lord Casey),
8
,
100

Chifley, Ben,
29
,
34

Chifley government,
32

and Australia's security,
29
,
30
,
31

and communist China,
115

Chile

and CIA covert activity,
271

China,
115
,
119
,
208

and Australia,
11
,
39
,
79
,
82
,
115
,
118
; trade,
103
,
119
; Whitlam's visit,
119–21

as communist power,
1
,
8
,
33

as great power,
18
,
116

isolation of,
55
; ending,
11
,
17
,
110
,
117–18
,
119
,
133

seen as threat,
2
,
76
,
115
,
119

and split with Soviet Union,
10
,
121
,
133

Christopher, Warren,
294

Church, Frank,
287

Churchill, Winston,
29
,
34
,
155
,
205

Clark, Christopher

The Sleepwalkers
,
24

Clark, Ed,
51
,
68–9
,
74

Clark, William,
310

Colby, William,
12
,
293

Cold War,
3
,
10
,
22
,
73
,
80

in Asia,
8
,
9
,
21
,
33
; and communism,
40
,
41
; end of,
25

and conservative political culture,
6
,
299

in Europe,
30

Connolly, David,
286

Connor, Rex,
290

communism

as threat,
2
,
3
,
21
,
26
,
33
,
36
,
40
,
41
,
76
,
115–16
,
19

Communist Party of Australia,
260

Cooper, Frank,
118

Costigan, Peter,
241
,
253–4

Crean, Frank,
142

Crook, William,
100

Court, Charles,
310

Curtin, John,
29
,
230

and Gen. Douglas MacArthur,
28

Curtin government,
28
,
230

 

Dallek, Robert,
16
,
151
,
155
,
232

Deakin, Alfred,
29
,
69

De Gaulle, Charles,
117

Democratic Labor Party (DLP),
35–6
,
116

Dewey, Thomas,
6

Ducker, John,
273

Dulles, John Foster,
33–4
,
121
,
139

 

Edwards, Peter,
53
,
294

Eisenhower, Dwight D,
2
,
7
,
16
,
79

Eliot, Elliot V,
180
,
181
,
190

Ehrlichman, John,
205

Europe (western),
18

and security,
248

European (Economic) Community,
10
,
22

Evatt, HV,
29
,
30

as Labor leader,
34
; on foreign policy,
35

US views of,
7

 

Fernandez, Roy,
163
,
164–5
,
166
,
168
,
173
,
183

Fielding, Jeremy,
56

Fitzgerald, Alan,
224–5

FitzGerald, Stephen,
115

Ford, Gerald,
298–9
,
306

Ford, Glenn,
13

Ford administration,
284

Cold War attitudes, values,
286
,
290

and conservative Australian Opposition,
290

and US–Australia relations,
285
,
286–7
,
291
; and the CIA,
293
; revival of old patterns,
298

and Whitlam,
285
,
290
; meeting with Ford,
288

France,
149

nuclear tests,
191

as US ally,
20
,
159
,
197
,
304

Fraser, Allen,
68

Fraser, Malcolm,
81
,
128
,
271–2

as Opposition leader,
290

as prime minister,
299
,
309
; alliance stance,
306

Fraser government

US view of,
299

Freudenberg, Graham,
38
,
77
,
146
,
160
,
161

Froebe, Jack,
235
,
254

Frost, David,
255
,
307

Fulbright, J William,
63
,
102
,
103
,
250

 

Gallagher, Norm,
181

Gerster, Robin,
53

Gietzelt, Arthur,
178

Gillard, Julia,
314

Gleason, Thomas,
1
83–4

Gorton, John,
5
,
45

pressures and performance,
91
,
94–5

and relations with Americans,
88
,
90–3
,
98
,
103
,
114
,
162
; with Nixon,
102
; visits to Washington,
90
,
102

and US alliance,
78–9
,
89
,
94
,
101–2

and Vietnam war,
98
; domino theory,
102–3

Gorton government,
23
,
99
,
251

foreign policy and the alliance,
99–100
; troops in Malaysia and Singapore,
92
,
94
,
101

Gotto, Ainslie,
91

Green, Marshall,
81
,
82
,
135
,
148
,
162
,
163
,
177
,
183
,
297