Understanding Research (49 page)

Williamson, Judith, 1978,
Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising
. London and New York: Marion Boyars.

Wilson, Edward O., 1998,
Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
. New York: Knopf.

Wren, Thomas (ed.), 1990,
The Moral Domain: Essays in the Ongoing Discussion Between Philosophy and the Social Sciences
. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Zoonen, Liesbeth van, 1994,
Feminist Media Studies (Media, Culture and Society)
. London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi: Sage.

accountability
81
–
2
,
92
,
130
,
152
,
202
,
277

action research
60
,
74
,
153
,
178
,
287
; definition of
208

American Political Science Association (APSA)
96

American Political Science Review
102

American Psychological Association (APA)
255

analysis, textual and visual
224
–
9

approaches
see
ethnographic research; interviews; surveys and questionnaires; worldviews

Aristotle
10
,
22
,
96
,
262

ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
132
,
287

Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR)
153

avatar
77
,
78
,
124
,
151
–
4
,
189
,
201
–
3
,
222
,
281

bachelor degree
4
,
30
,
32
,
78
,
82
,
100
,
109
,
152

Behaviouralism
213
,
237
–
40
,
287
; and sex-gender roles
242

Berg, Bruce
68
,
169
–
70
,
182
–
5
,
187
–
94
,
203
,
209
,
237
.

Berners-Lee, Tim
133
,
N
164

bias, possibilities of
17
,
153
,
179
,
192
,
202
,
206
,
287
–
8

blogs
93
,
140
,
146
,
160

Boolean search terms
144

British International Studies Association (BISA)
97

BUBL Information Service
140

Bulletin Board Services (BBS)
146

Butler, Judith
244

case-study, definition of
288

Chalmers, Alan
42
,
70
–
1
,
234

Chicago Manual of Style
255

citation, styles of and referencing
136
,
138
–
40
,
255
–
6

climate change, debates around
46
,
118
,
214
,
235

codes of practice
see
ethics

coding, definition of
288

coding schemes
147
,
148
,
170
,
184
,
217
–
23
,
226
,
231
,
244
,
288
,
291

coefficient
288

confidence interval
209
,
288

consent form, sample
279

consilience
117

constructivism
288

content analysis
49
,
124
,
146
,
170
–
1
,
211
,
217
–
25
,
232
,
239
,
288
;

methodological implications
222
–
3
;

qualitative and quantitative traditions
146
–
7
,
156
,
219
;
see also
coding schemes; analysis, textual and visual

control group
40
,
288

conversational analysis
215
,
288

correlation coefficient
288

Creswell, John
8
,
19
,
41
–
3
,
47
,
51
–
3
,
64
,
91
,
101
,
106

critical discourse analysis
245
,
289

cybernetics
132
,
164

cyberspace
77
,
84
,
133
–
4
,
154
,
156
–
8
,
163

data, definition of
289

databases: electronic
109
–
11
,
137
–
41
,
144
–
6
,
160
; public
177
–
8
; qualitative
241
–
2

data-gathering
6
–
7
,
48
–
50
,
56
–
63
,
69
–
70
,
79
–
80

data-gathering techniques: and ethical obligations
82
; ethnographic fieldwork
196
–
205
; and focus groups
192
–
6
; interviews
184
–
92
; methodology of
101
–
2
, qualitative and quantitative issues
59
–
60
,
90
,
238
–
40
;
see also
participant-observation; surveys and questionnaires

data set
18
,
42
,
45
–
6
,
170
,
230
,
240
–
2

Davies, Martin
28
,
34
,
35
,
289

deadlines
29
,
36
,
85
–
6
,
266
–
7
,
270
–
1

deconstruction
245
,
289

deductive reasoning
72
,
211
–
12
,
219
–
20
,
231
–
5

dependent variable
45
,
65
–
6
,
89
,
245
,
289
,
291
,
294

Directory of Open-Access Journals (DOAJ)
139

discourse analysis
89
,
171
,
211
,
223
–
5
,
289

dissertation, definition of
30
–
2

doctoral degree
see
Ph.D.

domain name
135
–
6
,
164

Duke University, online guides
114
–
15

End-User License Agreement (EULA)
289
,
294

epistemic community
8
,
113
,
121
,
289
–
90

ethics
45
,
56
–
7
,
61
; access and
80
–
1
; accountability
81
–
2
; codes of practice
288
; data retention
81
; and human subjects
77
–
9
; and informed consent
79
–
80
; sample ethics form
283
–
6
; transparency
80
–
1
   
see also
informed consent

ethnographic research: design of
87
–
8
; and ethical obligations
199
; field notes
201
–
3
; general principles
197
; methodological considerations of
203
–
5
; online research and
159
,
163
; practicalities
201
; qualitative and quantitative issues and
239
; virtual ethnography and
127
,
156
;
see also
participant-observation

European Research Area
274

falsification, theory of
232
,
234
,
290

feedback, academic
55
,
58
,
60
,
83
,
85
–
6
,
248
,
249
,
250
,
255
–
63
: expectations of and reaction to
258
–
262
; informal
257
; peer assessment
263
–
4

feminist research
290

focus groups
28
,
87
,
88
,
169
–
73
; informed consent and
78
–
9
; methodological considerations
195
; practicalities and rules
192
–
6
; surveys and
179
,
181
,
184
,
189
,
190
,
192

formal theory
96
–
7
,
290

Freud, Sigmund
see
psychoanalysis

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
145
,
290

FTTP (‘Fibre to the Premises’)
290

gatekeepers
78
–
80
,
200
,
259

global south and north
7
,
46
,
216

global warming
see
climate change

Google
129
,
130
,
137
: Google Books
140
; Google Scholar
110
,
111
,
138
,
139
,
141
,
142

Gopher
145
,
290

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
72

Haraway, Donna
117
,
244

Harding, Sandra
20
,
117

Harvard referencing system
255

Hayles, Katherine
132
–
3

Herodotus
96

hermeneutics
226
,
290

hybrid research
239
,
291

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
132
,
134
,
135
,
290
–
91

hypothesis
15
,
29
,
32
,
34
,
35
,
42
–
4
,
55
–
7
,
60
–
8
,
88
–
9
,
102
,
183
,
219
–
20
,
232
–
3
,
237
;
see also
research question

ideal type
5
,
70
,
86
,
234
,
291

incommensurability
237
,
291

independent variable
see
variables, dependent and independent

inductive reasoning
see
reasoning, deductive and inductive

information and communication technologies (ICTs)
7
,
110
,
124
,
130
–
1
,
133

informed consent
78
–
80
,
83
,
84
,
151
–
3
,
186
–
7
,
190
,
194
,
195
,
201
–
2
,
206
,
221
,
282
,
284
–
6
,
291

interdisciplinarity
2
,
7
,
14
,
15
,
20
,
45
,
94
,
99
,
104
,
117
–
18
,
212
;
see also
consilience

International Association of Media and Communications Research (IAMCR)
96

International Communications Association (ICA)
96

international relations
96
–
7
; Woodrow Wilson professorship in, University of Aberystwyth, Wales
96

International Studies Association (ISA)
96

internet
7
,
21
; browsers
110
,
132
–
5
,
142
,
143
; and ethics
77
–
78
,
84
; search engines
142
–
5
,
155
,
158
,
160
,
217
,
219
; Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
132
–
3
;
see also
Boolean search terms; online research

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
136

internet research
see
online research

interviews: administration of
186
–
91
; formal and informal
185
–
7
; general issues
7
,
184
–
5
, methodological considerations
191
–
3
; and narrative research
187
;
see also
focus groups, informed consent

intertextuality
224

INTUTE
139

Issue Crawler
150
,
245

Jordan, Tim
133

JSTOR (Journal Storage)
139