Under a Wild Sky (67 page)

290
   
But the outbreak of the Civil War
Ibid.

290
   
Exhausted, his fragile nerves in ruins
Ibid., page 297.

290
   
In 1863, awash in debt
DeLatte,
Lucy Audubon
, page 227.

290
   
That same year she also sold
Blaugrund and Stebbins (eds.),
John James Audubon
, page viii.

290
   
The committee organized for this purpose
Ibid. The exact purchase price was $4,230, or about $9 a drawing.

290
   
Two years after the purchase
Ibid.

290
   
For a time, Lucy lived by herself
DeLatte,
Lucy Audubon
, page 227.

290
   
Spending most of her time alone
Buchanan,
The Life and Adventures of John James Audubon
, page v. In his preface, Robert Buchanan states that the manuscript was delivered to him in 1867, and that it consisted “chiefly of extracts” from Audubon's journals. He said Lucy had had some help with the text—Herrick states that it was from a friend, the Reverend Charles Coffin Adams—but that it was overlong and in desperate need of revision.

290
   
She said she seemed to herself
Lucy Audubon to an unnamed relative, July 11, 1865. Quoted in Herrick,
Audubon the Naturalist
, vol. II, pages 301–2.

290
   
“It does seem to me”
Ibid.

291
   
She went by train, sitting and watching
DeLatte,
Lucy Audubon
, page 229.

291
   
She thought rail travel pleasant enough
Ibid.

291
   
Feeble and nearly blind
Ibid.

291
   
Lucy's ashes were buried
From a transcript of Lucy Audubon's eulogy. (John James Audubon State Park Museum, Henderson, Kentucky.)

291
   
In 1839, just a year after completing
Williams, “Robert Havell, Junior.”

291
   
Before leaving England
Fries,
The Double Elephant Folio
, page 390.

291
   
According to one story
Ibid., pages 390–91.

291
   
Somewhat corroded, they were recovered
Ibid. The part about the fire, at least, was true. (Herrick,
Audubon the Naturalist
, vol. II, page 267.)

291
   
Audubon had the surviving coppers removed
Herrick,
Audubon the Naturalist
, vol. II, page 268. Herrick's photograph of John Woodhouse's home on the Minnie's Land compound shows the shed where the coppers were stored.

291
   
The coppers ended up at
Ibid., pages 307–8.

291
   
Fewer than eighty of the original coppers
Fries,
The Double Elephant Folio
, page 394.

292
   
As the prints were lifted
Personal observation.

292
   
It was almost surely fewer than two hundred
Fries,
The Double Elephant Folio
, page 140.

292
   
Victor maintained that there were
Ibid.

292
   
The new owner was
From my friend Don Boarman, curator of the John James Audubon State Park Museum in Henderson, Kentucky.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS

American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia

Audubon Wildlife Sanctuary at Mill Grove, Audubon, Pennsylvania

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

Edinburgh University Library Special Collections, Edinburgh, Scotland

Ewell Sale Stewart Library and Archives, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia

Filson Club Historical Society, Louisville

Free Library of Philadelphia

Guildhall Library, London

Historical Society of Pennsylvania

Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge

John James Audubon State Park and Museum, Henderson, Kentucky

Linnaean Society, Archives, London

Museum of Arts and Sciences, Center for Florida History, Daytona Beach

New-York Historical Society, New York City

Princeton University Library, Rare Books and Special Collections Department, Princeton

Royal Society Library, London

St. Paul Public Library, St. Paul, Minnesota

BOOKS AND PERIODICALS

Adams, Alexander B.
John James Audubon: A Biography.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1966.

Amadon, Dean.
American Bird Engravings: All 103 Plates from
American Ornithology,
by Alexander Wilson.
New York: Dover Publications, 1975.

Arthur, Stanley Clisby.
Audubon: An Intimate Life of the American Woodsman.
Gretna, La.: Firebird Press, 1937 (2000 reprint).

Audubon, John James. “Account of the Habits of the Turkey Buzzard (Vultur aura).”
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal
2 (1826–27): 172–184.

———. “Observations on the Natural History of the Alligator.”
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal
2 (1826–27): 270–280.

———. “Notes on the Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus).”
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal
3 (1827): 21–30.

———.
Ornithological Biography, Or an Account of the Habits of the Birds of the United States of America; Accompanied by Descriptions of the Objects Represented in the Work Entitled
The Birds of America,
and Interspersed with Delineations of American Scenery and Manners.
5 vols. Edinburgh: Adam Black, 1831–1839.

———.
The Complete Audubon.
5 vols. Kent, Oh.: Volair Books for the National Audubon Society, 1978.

Audubon, Maria R.
Audubon and His Journals.
2 vols. New York: Dover Publications, 1897 (1986 reprint).

Barnes, Jonathan, ed.
The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation.
2 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Bell Jr., Whitfield J. “A Box of Old Bones: A Note on the Identification of the Mastadon, 1766–1806.”
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
93, no. 2 (1949): 169–177.

Benton, Michael, and David Harper.
Basic Paleontology.
Essex, U.K.: Pearson Education Limited, 1997.

Blaugrund, Annette, and Theodore E. Stebbins Jr., eds.
John James Audubon: The Watercolors for
The Birds of America. New York: Villard Books/The New-York Historical Society, 1993.

Boehme, Sarah E., ed.
John James Audubon in the West: The Last Expedition, Mammals of North America.
New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000.

Bogardus, Carl R.
Flatboatin' on the Old Ohio.
Warsaw, Ky.: The Gallatin Historical Society, 1984.

Bogart, W. H.
Daniel Boone and the Hunters of Kentucky.
Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1870.

Buchanan, Robert, ed.
The Life and Adventures of John James Audubon, The Naturalist.
London: Sampson Low, Son & Marston, 1869.

Bull, John, and John Farrand Jr.
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds, Eastern Region.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977.

Burns, Robert.
Poems in Scots and English.
London and Rutland, Vt.: Everyman/Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1996.

———.
Selected Poems.
New York: Penguin Books, 1993.

Burstein, Andrew.
The Passions of Andrew Jackson.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003.

Cantwell, Robert.
Alexander Wilson: Naturalist and Pioneer.
Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lipincott Company, 1961.

Carmichael, Jim, ed.
The Story of American Hunting and Firearms.
New York: Outdoor Life/E. P. Dutton & Company, 1959 (1976 revised).

Chalmers, John. “Audubon in Edinburgh.”
Archives of Natural History
20, no. 2 (1993): 157–166.

Chancellor, John.
Audubon: A Biography.
New York: The Viking Press, 1978.

Clark, Thomas D.
The Rampaging Frontier.
New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1939.

Corning, Howard, ed.
Journal of John James Audubon, Made During His Trip to New Orleans in 1820–1821.
Boston: The Club of Odd Volumes, 1929.

———.
Journal of John James Audubon, Made While Obtaining Subscriptions to His
Birds of America
1840–1843.
Boston: The Club of Odd Volumes, 1929.

———.
The Letters of John James Audubon 1826–1840.
2 vols. Boston: The Club of Odd Volumes, 1930.

Cosh, Mary.
Edinburgh: The Golden Age.
Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 2003.

Cramer, Zadok.
The Navigator,
8th ed. Pittsburgh: Cramer, Spear and Eichbaum, 1814 (1966 Readex Microprint reprint).

Dallett, Francis James. “Citizen Audubon: A Documentary Discovery,”
The Princeton University Library Chronicle
, vol. XXI, nos. 1 and 2 (Autumn 1959 and Winter 1960): 89–93.

Deak, Gloria-Gilda.
American Views: Prospects and Vistas.
New York: Viking Press/New York Public Library, 1976.

DeLatte, Carolyn.
Lucy Audubon: A Biography.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982.

Donovan, Frank.
River Boats of America: From Flatboats to Floating Palaces, From the Cotton Blossom to the Staten Island Ferry.
New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1966.

Drepperd, Carl W.
Pioneer America: Its First Three Centuries.
Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, 1949.

Durant, Mary, and Michael Harwood.
On the Road with John James Audubon.
New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1980.

Dwight, Margaret Van Horn.
A Journey to Ohio in 1810.
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1912 (1991 Bison Book reprint).

Dyche, Russell.
The Wilderness Road—And Other Early Trails and Roads through the Wilderness to Kentucky.
Frankfort: The Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society, 1946.

Earle, Alice Morse.
Stage Coach and Tavern Days.
New York: Macmillan Company, 1900.

Elman, Robert.
America's Pioneering Naturalists: Their lives and times, exploits and adventures.
Tulsa, Okla.: Winchester Press, 1982.

Engeman, Thomas S., ed.
Thomas Jefferson and the Politics of Nature.
Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000.

Faragher, John Mack.
Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer.
New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1992.

Fisher, Clemency.
A Passion for Natural History: The Life and Legacy of the 13th Earl of Derby.
Liverpool, U.K.: Bluecoat Press, 2002.

Ford, Alice.
John James Audubon.
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964.

Ford, Alice, ed.
The 1826 Journal of John James Audubon.
New York: Abbeville Press, 1967.

———.
Audubon, By Himself.
Garden City, N.Y.: The Natural History Press, 1969.

Fries, Waldemar H.
The Double Elephant Folio: The Story of Audubon's
Birds of America. Chicago: American Library Association, 1973.

Funkhouser, William Delbert.
Wild Life in Kentucky: The Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals of the Commonwealth, with a Discussion of Their Appearance, Habits and Economic Importance.
Frankfort: The Kentucky Geological Survey, 1925.

Gannon, Michael.
The New History of Florida
. Gainesville: The University Press of Florida, 1996.

Graustein, Jeannette E.
Thomas Nuttall, Naturalist: Explorations in America 1808–1841.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967.

Grosart, Alexander B.
The Poems and Literary Prose of Alexander Wilson, The American Ornithologist.
2 vols. Paisley, Scotland: Alex. Gardner, 1876.

Haites, Erik F.; James Mak; and Gary M. Walton, et al.
Western River Transportation: The Era of Early Internal Development, 1810–1860.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975.

Harper, Francis, ed.
The Travels of William Bartram: Naturalist Edition.
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998.

Harrison, Lowell H., and James C. Klotter.
A New History of Kentucky.
Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1997.

Henderson, Archibald.
The Transylvania Company and the Founding of Henderson, Ky.
(Pamphlet), 1829.