Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience and Redemption (65 page)

18 “Life of Zamp”: George T. Davis, “Zamperini Career Bril iant, Life of Zamp,” Los Angeles Evening Herald and Express, June 5, 1943.

19 Jordan learns news: Payton Jordan, telephone interviews, August 13, 16, 2004.

20 Louise’s hand sores: Sylvia Flammer, telephone interviews, October 25, 27, 2004.

21 Pil sbury and Douglas: Stanley Pil sbury, telephone interviews, August 25, 2004, March 9, 2005, and August 18, 2006.

22 Pil sbury’s remainder of war: Ibid.

23 Flag hung: Jack Cuddy, “Flag Hangs in Memory of Zamperini,” Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Journal, June 24, 1943.

Chapter 14: Thirst

1 Heat: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

2 Rain fal s, catching water: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

3 Phil cold at night: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

4 Phil thought birds must have thought them jetsam: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

5 Catching albatross: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

6 Fishing: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

7 What more bad luck could they have?: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

8 Sniffing wax: Ibid.

9 Phil’s thoughts of Rickenbacker: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; Russel Al en Phil ips, letter to Kelsey Phil ips, March 10, 1943.

10 Rickenbacker’s ordeal: Edward Rickenbacker, “Pacific Mission, Part I,” Life, January 25, 1943, pp. 20–26, 90–100; Edward Rickenbacker,

“Pacific Mission, Part I I,” Life, February 8, 1943, pp. 94–106; Edward Rickenbacker, Seven Came Through (Garden City: Doubleday, 1951).

11 Navy men survive on raft in 1942: Robert Trumbul , The Raft (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1942).

12 Poon Lim: “Tel s of 132 Days on Raft,” NYT, May 25, 1943 (title was incorrect as to number of days); “Poon Lim,” Fact Archive, http://www.fact-archive.com/encyclopedia/Poon_Lim (accessed September 15, 2009).

13 Phil thinking of how long they’d been floating: Russel Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

14 Quizzing: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

15 Mac’s withdrawal: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

16 “If there was one thing left”: Russel Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997. 147 Phil’s faith: Karen Loomis, telephone interview, November 17, 2004.

17 “I had told Al”: Reverned Russel Phil ips, letter to Martha Heustis, May 6, 1943.

18 Bodies declining: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

19 Cannibalism: Neil Hanson, The Custom of the Sea: A Shocking True Tale of Shipwreck , Murder, and the Last Taboo (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999); Nathaniel Philbrick, In the Heart of the Sea (New York: Viking, 2000).

21 Cannibalism not considered: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

22 Praying, second albatross, catching fish, bandage rotting: Ibid.

23 Dolphins: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

24 Hooks on fingers: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

25 Catching birds: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

26 Lice, chasing rain: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

27 Phil overboard: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

28 Prayer fol owed by rain: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, interview by George Hodak, Hol ywood, Calif., June 1988, AAFLA.

Chapter 15: Sharks and Bullets

1 Strafing: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; “Mr. Phil ips on CBS, Our Hero, Mr. Phil ips,” undated article from papers of Karen Loomis, NPN; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945; Louis Zamperini, interview by George Hodak, Hol ywood, Calif., June 1988, AAFLA; Alberta H. Jones, “La Porte War Hero Takes Part in Zamperini Show,”

undated article from Phil ips scrapbook, NPN; Louis Zamperini, POW diary, June 23, 1943, entry.

2 Phil thinks America wil win: “Mr. Phil ips on CBS, Our Hero, Mr. Phil ips,” undated article from papers of Karen Loomis, NPN.

3 Sharks attacking: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Kelsey Phil ips, “A Life Story,” unpublished memoir.

4 Patching: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, interview by George Hodak, Hol ywood, Calif., June 1988, AAFLA.

5 Transforming Phil’s raft: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

6 Estimating distance from land: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

Chapter 16: Singing in the Clouds

1 Sharks try to jump into raft: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

2 Attempt to catch shark: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

3 Great white: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

4 Mac asking Louie if he would die: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

5 Death of Mac: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

6 Louie catches fish with lieutenant’s pin: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

7 Declining bodies: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

8 Doldrums: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

9 Sharpening intel ect: Ibid.

10 Louie hears singing: Ibid.

11 More birds: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

12 More planes: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

13 Storm coming: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

14 Phil enjoys swel s: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

15 Sighting island: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; Louis Zamperini, POW diary, July 12, 1943, entry.

Chapter 17: Typhoon

1 Islands appearing: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

2 Discussing land matter-of-factly: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

3 Rowing paral el to islands: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.

4 Storm hits: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

5 Catastrophic typhoon: Keith Heidorn, PhD, email interview, March 24, 2008; “Foochow Flooded After Typhoon,” Nevada State Journal (Reno), July 24, 1943.

6 Smel ing land, listening to surf: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

7 Waking among islands: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.

8 Seeing planes: Ibid.

9 Capture: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945; Louis Zamperini, interview by George Hodak, Hol ywood, Calif., June 1988, AAFLA; Louis Zamperini, POW diary, July 13, 1943, entry.

10 Swatting beard with bayonet, cigarettes burn beards: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.

11 Questioned, taken into custody: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.

12 “These are American fliers”: Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

13 Weight: Russel Al en Phil ips, affidavit, John D. Murphy Col ection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, affidavit, November 1, 1945, John D. Murphy Col ection, HIA, Stanford, Calif. Notes that Louie made in 1946 state that he weighed 67 pounds, and in later interviews, he would say that he was told that his weight was 30 kilos, 66 pounds. But in at least three interviews given just after repatriation, he was quoted as saying that he had weighed 87 pounds, and in a signed affidavit made immediately after the war, he was quoted as saying that he weighed 79½ pounds. In one interview just after the war, he also said he weighed 79

pounds. Phil’s postwar affidavit stated that he weighed about 150 at the time of the crash and 80 at capture. In the CBS interview, Phil stated that he and Louie weighed the same—about 80 pounds—at capture.

14 First meal: “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.

15 Interviewed about journey: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

16 Told that they were in Marshal s: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; Louis Zamperini, POW diary; Kelsey Phil ips, “A Life Story,” unpublished memoir; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview. It is unclear which atol they were told they were on. In one 1945 interview, a 1946 affidavit, and a 1988 interview, Louie stated that they were told that it was Maloelap, but in many other interviews, as wel as in the POW diary that he began shortly after his capture, he stated that they were told they were on Wotje. Phil also stated that it was Wotje.

17 Forty-eight bul et holes: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

18 They are our friends: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

19 “After you leave here”: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

20 Sick on freighter: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

21 Conditions on Kwajalein: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; Louis Zamperini and Russel Al en Phil ips, affidavits, John D. Murphy Col ection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.; Louis Zamperini, 1946 notes on captive experience; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

22 NINE MARINES: Tripp Wiles, Forgotten Raiders of ’42: The Fate of the Marines Left Behind on Makin (Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007), photo caption.

23 All I see: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

Chapter 18: A Dead Body Breathing

1 Hardtack, tea: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Louis Zamperini, affidavit, John D. Murphy Col ection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

2 Meeting native: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

3 Forced to sleep by waste hole: Ibid.

4 Diarrhea: Louis Zamperini, affidavit, John D. Murphy Col ection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, 1946

notes on captive experience.

5 Boiling water thrown in face: Louis Zamperini, affidavit, John D. Murphy Col ection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, 1946 notes on captive experience.

6 Louie hears singing: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

7 Phil’s ordeal: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; Russel Al en Phil ips, affidavit, John D. Murphy Col ection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.

8 Carving name in wal : Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

9 “What’s going to happen?”: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997.

10 Guards’ cruelty: Russel Al en Phil ips, television interview, CBS, La Porte, Ind., January 1997; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwel AFB, Ala.; Louis Zamperini, affidavit, John D.

Murphy Col ection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.; Robert Trumbul , “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.

11 “I was literal y”: Raymond Hal oran, email interview, March 3, 2008.