Theodore Roosevelt Abroad (32 page)

1. John Callan O’Laughlin,
From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt
(Boston: Chapple Publishing Company, 1910), 29–31.
2. Jusserand to TR, March 22, 1910, Series 1, Reel 90, TRP.
3. The book’s publication in 1895 helped swing British public opinion behind reoccupying the Sudan and a measured campaign for the purpose began the year after it appeared.
Fire and Sword
also gained Slatin the favor of Queen Victoria, who bestowed a rare knighthood on the foreigner, while the Khedive, the titular ruler of Egypt by leave of the Ottoman Sultan, made him a Pasha. For Slatin see Gordon BrookShepherd,
Between Two Flags: the Life of Baron Sir Rudolph von Slatin Pasha
(London, 1978) and for Wingate, see M. W. Daly,
The Sirdar: Sir Reginald Wingate and the British Empire in the Middle East
(Philadelphia: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1997).
4. Morris,
Edith Kermit Roosevelt
, 353.
5. TR to Walcott, March 15, 1910, Box 49, RU 45, Records of the Office of the Secretary, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Archive. Heller was appointed to undertake the final report.
6. TR to Tarlton, July 12, 1910, Series 3A, Reel 363, TRP.
7. TR to Walcott, March 15, 1910, Box 49, RU 45, Records of the Office of the Secretary, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Archive.
8. Roosevelt,
African Game Trails
, 118, 388.
9. Theodore confided to his sister Anna that he was “simply driven to death now and would literally be unable to do anything at all” if the two had not signed on. He continued that it would mean “such an infinity of trouble and labor to them that if I were not quite shameless I should refuse to let them act.” TR to Anna Roosevelt Cowles, March 19, 1910, bmsAm 1834, TRC.
10. Both men published records of their experiences. See O’Laughlin,
From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt
and Abbott,
Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt
. Abbot also wrote an introduction for and edited Roosevelt’s
African and European Addresses
.
11. Roosevelt,
African Game Trails
, xxiv–xxv.
12. Abbot,
Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt
, 154–55.

13. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
14. Cutwright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist
, 42–50.
15. O’Laughlin,
From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt
, 49–54.
16.
The Times
(London), March 24, 1910.
17. O’Laughlin,
From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt
, 58–60.
18. Ibid., 61–63.
19. “Mr. Roosevelt In Egypt,”
Outlook
94 (April 30, 1910), 981.
20. Wingate to TR, March 30, 1910, Series 1, Reel 90, TRP.
21. For Gorst, see Peter Mellini,
Sir Eldon Gorst: The Overshadowed Proconsul
(Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1977).
22. The Earl of Cromer,
Modern Egypt
, 2 vols. (London: John Murray, 1908), 1: 5.
23. TR to Wingate, July 29, 1908, Series 3, Reel 363, TRP.
24. Roosevelt to White, April 2, 1910, Box 28, White Papers, Library of Congress.
25. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
26. Ibid.
27. TR to Spring Rice, September 17, 1908, Series 4A, Reel 416, TRP.
28. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
29. “Law and Order in Egypt,” March 28, 1910, in Roosevelt,
African and European Addresses
, 15–16.
30. Ibid., 20–23.
31. Ibid., 24–26.
32. Ibid., 26–29.
33.
New York Times
, March 29, 1910.
34. Sheikh Ali Youssuf, “Egypt’s Reply to Colonel Roosevelt,”
North American Review
191 (June 1910), 729–35.
35. Ibid., 735–37.
36. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
37. Gorst to TR, March 26, 1910, Series 1, Reel 90, TRP.
38. Roosevelt to White, April 2, 1910, Box 28, White Papers, Library of Congress.
39. Gorst to Arthur Hardinge, April 1, 1910, in Mellini,
Gorst
, 214.
40. Wingate to Gilbert Clayton, March 29, 1910, in Mellini,
Gorst
, 214.
41. Roosevelt to Reid, March 24, 1910, Series 1, Reel 90, TRP.
42. Taft to Carnegie, December 25, 1909, Volume 172, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
43. TR to Carnegie, February 18, 1910, Volume 174, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
44. TR to Carnegie, October 16, 1909, Volume 170, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
45. TR to Carnegie, December 14, 1909, Volume 172, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
46. Root to TR, February 11, 1910, Series 1, Reel 89, TRP.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid.
49. TR to Carnegie, March 14, 1910, Volume 175, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
50. Roosevelt to Lodge, April 6, 1910, Series 1, Reel 90, TRP.

1. Quoted in Arnaldo Testi, “The Gender of Reform Politics: Theodore Roosevelt and the Culture of Masculinity,”
The Journal of American History
81, 4 (March 1995), 1513.

2. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid. For O’Laughlin’s lengthy account of the affair, see
From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt
, 72–94.
5. For this see Abbott,
Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt
, 216–17.
6. TR to Lee, April 5, 1910, Series 3A, Reel 363, TRP.
7. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
8. Leishman to TR, March 15, 1910, Series 1, Reel 89, TRP.
9. Quoted in Testi, “The Gender of Reform Politics,” 1513–14. 10. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
11. Ibid.
12.
Washington Post
, March 23, 1910.
13. Roosevelt to Lodge, April 6, 1910, in Morrison,
Letters of Theodore Roosevelt
, 7: 67–68.
14. O’Laughlin,
From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt
, 97–98. 15.
New York Evening Post
, March 22, 1910.
16. Gifford Pinchot,
Breaking New Ground
(New York, 1947; Reprint 1972), 502.
17. Pinchot to Garfield, April 27, 1910, Pinchot Papers, Library of Congress.
18. For example, see Beveridge to Pinchot, March 24, 1910, Series 1, Reel 90, TRP.
19. Ross,
Dolliver
, 272–73.
20.
New York Times
, April 12, 1910.
21. Roosevelt to Lodge, April 11, 1910, in Morrison,
Letters of Theodore Roosevelt
, 7: 73; Morris,
Edith Kermit Roosevelt
, 356.
22. Quoted in O’Laughlin,
From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt
, 101.
23. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 24. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. O’Laughlin,
From the Jungle through Europe with Roosevelt
, 110–15. In TR’s estimation, Apponyi was a “really fine fellow” who Roosevelt had met in Washington six years before when he had been one of the InterParliamentary Peace Conference delegates.
28. Roosevelt to Bacon, April 5, 1910, Series 3A, Reel 363, TRP. 29. Jusserand to TR, May 10, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
30. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
31. Jusserand to TR, December 25, 1909, Series 1, Reel 89, TRP. 32. Roosevelt to Bacon, April 5, 1910, Series 3A, Reel 363, TRP. 33. “Citizenship in a Republic,” An Address Delivered at the Sorbonne, Paris, April 23, 1910, in Theodore Roosevelt,
African and European Addresses
, 31–41.
34. Ibid., 42–44.
35. Ibid., 55–60.
36. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
37. Jusserand to TR, May 10, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
38. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
39. TR to Carnegie, April 22, 1910, Volume 176, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
40. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
41. Lodge to TR, July 26, 1908, in Lodge,
Selections from the Correspondence of Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt
, 309.
42. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
43. Viscount Lee of Fareham,
“A Good Innings and a Great Partnership: Being the Life Story of Arthur and Ruth Lee,”
3 vols. (Privately Printed, 1939), 1: 418.

44.
Algemeen Hardlsblad
, April 30, 1910, quoted in
Sayings of Social Wisdom by Theodore Roosevelt
(The Hague, 1910), 7.
45. Abbott,
Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt
, 239.
46. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
47. Ibid.
48. Roosevelt to Lodge, May 5, 1910, in Morrison,
Letters of Theodore Roosevelt
, 7: 80.

1. Roosevelt to Lodge, May 5, 1910, in Morison,
Letters of Theodore Roosevelt
, 7: 81.
2. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
3. Ibid.
4. Roosevelt,
African and European Addresses
, 78–83.
5. Carnegie to Hill, June 12, 1907, in Burton J. Hendrick,
The Life of Andrew Carnegie
, 2 vols. (New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1932), 2: 299.
6. Carnegie to TR, February 14, 1907, in Hendrick,
Andrew Carnegie
, 2: 310.
7. Carnegie to Tower, January 23, 1907, in Hendrick,
Andrew Carnegie
, 2: 311.
8. Hendrick,
Andrew Carnegie
, 2: 314–15.
9. Cecil,
Wilhelm II
, 1: 137.
10. November 19, 1908, in Abbott,
Letters of Archie Butt
, 184. 11. August 26, 1908, Transcript of Hale Interview, Northcliffe Add. Ms 62299, British Library.
12. TR to Lee, October 17, 1908, Series 2, Reel 351, TRP; Oscar King Davis,
Released for Publication: Some Inside Political History of Theodore Roosevelt and His Times
(Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1925), 81; B. L. Raymond Esthus,
Theodore Roosevelt and the International Rivalries
(Waltham, MA: Ginn Blaisdell, 1970), 126–30.
13. Davis,
Released for Publication
, 82.
14. Ibid., 83–85, Though TR helped keep it out of the
Times
, an excerpt was printed in the November 22, 1908,
New York World
. 15. TR to Lee, October 17, 1908, Series 2, Reel 351, TRP.
16. Root to Carnegie, April 3, 1909, Volume 164, Carnegie Papers, Library of Congress.
17. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
18. For the latest judgment on their relations, see David Fromkin,
The King and the Cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and Edward the Seventh, Secret Partners
(New York: Penguin, 2008).
19. Spring Rice to TR, CASR 9/1, Spring Rice Papers, Churchill College Archive, Cambridge.
20. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 21. Ibid.
22. For comment on the Willy-Teddy relationship which includes the 1910 trip see, Ragnhild Fiebig-von Hase, “The Uses of ‘Friendship’: The ‘Personal Regime’ of Wilhelm II and Theodore Roosevelt, 1901–1909,” in Annika Mombauer and Wilhelm Diest, eds.,
The Kaiser: New Research on Wilhelm II’s role Imperial Germany
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 143–75.
23. Viscount Lee of Fareham,
“A Good Innings,”
1: 418.
24. Abbott,
Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt
, 248–51.
25. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
26. Henry Pringle,
Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography
(New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1931), 365.
27. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Roosevelt,
African and European Addresses
, xxviii–xxix.
35. Roosevelt,
Literary Essays
, 61–70.
36. Ibid., 70–71.
37. Ibid., 71–72.
38. Ibid., 72–81.
39. Ibid., 81–84.
40. TR to George Otto Trevelyan, October 1, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
41. Ibid.
42. Butt,
Taft and Roosevelt
, 1: 348.

1. The Park Lane house was pulled down in the 1920s to make way for the Dorchester Hotel.
2. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. This long account of the English visit was composed, TR wrote Gray, “to meet the request you so solemnly made ‘In the name of the Gods of Mirth and Truth.’ ” Gray was a New York lawyer and journalist whom TR had known for some time. Roosevelt said of him, “I always find something companionable in a man who cares both for the outside of a horse and the inside of a book.” TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Series 2, Reel 349, TRP.
3. Robert Wynne to TR, May 6, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
4. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
5. Ibid. TR described Cromer as “the most wonderful personality he had ever met.” Allan Nevins,
Henry White: Thirty Years of American Diplomacy
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1930), 302.
6. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP.
7. Ibid. Arthur Lee, who served in Lloyd George’s Cabinet during World War I, arranged a meeting and recalled that TR said of the Welshman, “That man is by far the most interesting, and I should say the most dangerous, of all your politicians. He is an incalculable force for the f u t u r e . ”
“A Good Innings,”
1: 427–8.
8.
Daily News
, May 13, 1910.
9. Carnegie to TR, May 13, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
10. Carnegie to TR, May 14, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
11. Reid to TR, May 10, 1910, Series 1, Reel 91, TRP.
12. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 13. Ibid. The young man in question was the grandson of George V, King of Hanover, who was dethroned in 1866 when Prussia took control of the state. From the arrival of George I until 1837, when Queen Victoria took the British throne, the Kings of England had also ruled Hanover. Its Salic Law, however, did not allow a woman to inherit and Hanover was divided from the English crown. Thirty-three years later it became part of the new German Empire.
14. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 15. Kenneth Rose,
King George V
(London: Frank Cass, 1984), 76–7. 16. May 25, 1910 Diary, ESHR 2/12, Esher Papers, Churchill College Archive, Cambridge. The royal insider Lord Esher also recorded that, three days after the funeral, at Wilhelm’s request, the two had spent forty minutes “clambering over the Queen’s memorial” in front of Buckingham Palace, in very TR-like fashion.
17. TR to David Gray, October 5, 1911, Series 3A, Reel 369, TRP. 18. Ibid.
19. Pringle,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 370.
20. Butt,
Taft and Roosevelt
, 1: 428–29.