The War of Wars (143 page)

Battle of Leipzig
838–41

expansionism
110–14

and First Coalition
120

invasion of
763–825

and League of Neutral Nations
352
,
363

and Napoleon’s defeat
926

Napoleon’s impact on
917

position in Europe 1788
3
,
4

relations with Austria
333
,
334

relations with Britain
109
,
111–14
,
120
,
145
,
170
,
171
,
346
,
363
,
368
,
422
,
430
,
502
,
527
,
529
,
765

relations with France
294
,
333
,
402
,
403
,
409
,
430–1
,
503
,
516
,
537–8
,
622–3
,
657
,
818
,
823

aims from invasion of France
848

declares war on (1799)
333
,
346

reaction to French Revolution
113

and restoration of French monarchy
862–3
,
866–7

relations with Prussia
111
,
113
,
120

relations with Turks
300
,
352
,
516
,
765
,
867

and Second Coalition
333
,
346

and Seventh Coalition
871

and Third Coalition
432

Treaty of Kalisch
817
,
823

Treaty of Tilsit
526–30

withdraws from Second Coalition
351

see also
Russian campaign

Russian campaign

atrocities
803–4
,
815–16

Battle of the Berezina
808–9

Battle of Borodino
781–6

Battle of Maloyaroslavets
797–9

Battle of Smolensk
778–9

burning of Moscow
788–95

casualties in
818

and conquest of Moscow
775
,
776–7

French at Vitebsk
773–7

French cross Niemen
767–8

guerrilla warfare
792–3

Napoleon enters Moscow
787–8

Napoleon’s flight to Paris
814
,
819–20

retreat from Moscow
796–804

significance of
759
,
818–19

Tsar rejects Napoleon’s peace initiative
794–5

weather as a factor in
764
,
768–9
,
797
,
801–2
,
804
,
814
,
814–15

Sahagun
627

St Cyr, General
765
,
912

St Domingue
143
,
144
,
145
,
401

St Helena
908–11
,
922–3
,
924

St Helens, Lord
352–3

St Lucia
143
,
144
,
432

St Marc, Monsieur de
570
,
571

St Petersburg
775
,
791
,
797

St Vincent, Earl
143
,
144
,
209
,
210
,
228–9
,
230–5
,
242
,
269
,
270
,
272
,
273
,
360–1
,
369
,
371
,
373
,
379
,
425
,
429
,
430
,
452
,
550
,
551
,
558–9
,
560
,
583
,
635
,
636
,
926

Saint-Just, Louis de
43
,
50
,
53
,
177

Salamanca
620
,
621
,
624
,
626
,
716
,
725
,
746
,
749

Battle of
737–41
,
786

Saldana, Battle of
626

Saliceti, Christophe
74
,
77
,
79
,
80–1
,
175

San Domingo
144

San Sebastian, siege of
752–3
,
754

Sanchez, Julian
707
,
721

Santa Cruz (Tenerife)
271–2

Santander
749

Santo Domingo
496
,
497

Sardinia
34
,
73
,
145
,
146
,
405
,
434
,
542
,
543

Saumarez, Sir James
209
,
210
,
218–19
,
294
,
556
,
558

Savoy
34
,
87
,
120

Savoy, King of (1993)
120

Saxe-Weimar, Bernhard, Prince of
878

Saxony
512
,
515
,
529
,
838
,
839
,
867
,
871

Scheldt, River
115
,
116
,
117
,
118
,
603
,
672–5

Schérer, General
333

Schönbrunn, Treaty of
675–6

Schwarzenberg, Prince Karl

German campaign (1813)
833
,
834
,
836
,
837
,
838
,
839
,
841
,
912

invasion of France
847
,
849
,
850
,
853

Waterloo campaign
872

scorched-earth policy
764
,
774
,
793
,
799–800

Scott, Walter
420

Sebag-Montefiore, Simon
110–11
,
112

Sebastiani, Colonel
408

Sebastopol
113

Sechelles, Herault de
50

Second Coalition
333
,
346

Ségur, General Philippe-Paul de
766
,
769
,
773–4
,
775–7
,
784–5
,
788
,
789–90
,
793–4
,
796
,
798–9
,
800
,
801–2
,
806–7
,
811–12
,
815
,
816–17

Semmering
178

Seringapatam
312
,
606

Sérurier, Marshal Jean-Mathieu-Philibert
161
,
162
,
168

Servan, General
121

Seven Years War
2
,
17
,
109
,
589

Seventh Coalition
871

Seville
587
,
719
,
740

Seymour, Captain George
564

Shelburne, Earl of
91

Shelley, Lady
865
,
907

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley
101
,
376
,
405

ships

British
202–10

fireships
640
,
641
,
643–6

French
208
,
413–15

frigates
202

landing craft
413–14
,
415

Spanish
231

Shore, Sir John
604

Sicily
120
,
274
,
275
,
286
,
296
,
350
,
354
,
490
,
502
,
531
,
582

Sieyès, Abbé Emmanuel
13
,
14
,
16
,
334
,
336–7
,
339
,
340
,
342
,
343–4
,
387
,
861

Silesia
825

slave trade, abolition of
502

Sluys
139

Smith, Joseph
107

Smith, Sir Sidney
78
,
131
,
210
,
311
,
312
,
317–18
,
319
,
321
,
322
,
324
,
327
,
391
,
531
,
569
,
577–9
,
580
,
583

Smolensk
774
,
777
,
778–9
,
792
,
802
,
804
,
805

Battle of
778–9

smuggling
536–7
,
538

Snape Douglas, Sir Andrew
218

Sobremonte, Rafael, Marques de
497
,
498
,
499

Soult, Marshal Nicolas
401
,
486
,
487
,
488
,
513
,
519
,
520
,
624
,
626
,
627
,
628
,
864

Peninsular War
696
,
697
,
698–9
,
702
,
707
,
711
,
716
,
717–19
,
721
,
723
,
731
,
740
,
745
,
752–3
,
755
,
756
,
757
,
758

Waterloo campaign
874
,
879
,
884
,
902

Southey, Robert
101
,
365

Souvorov, Marshal Alexander
346
,
781

Spain
3
,
109
,
130

Battle of Cape St Vincent
228–35

Battle of Talavera
700–3

empire
36
,
142
,
493–501
,
584
,
588

liberation of
757

relations with Britain
36
,
109
,
111–12
,
120
,
131
,
145
,
169–70
,
171
,
430
,
696–7
,
699

declares war on (1804)
430

relations with France
36
,
46
,
121
,
353
,
430
,
495–7
,
515
,
582

resistance to
586–8
,
633
,
760

seized by
582–8
,
613
,
657–8

see also
Peninsular War

Spencer, General Sir Brent
614
,
719

Spencer, Lady Lavinia
272–3
,
294

Spencer, Lord
138
,
209
,
237
,
238
,
272
,
357

spies
568

Stadion, Philippe
530

Staël, Madame de
151
,
190
,
387

Stanhope, Lady Hester
420
,
464
,
625

Stanhope, James
464–5

Stanislaus, Xavier
32

Staps, Frederick
683–4

Stein, Baron vom and zum
633

Stendhal
179

Stengel, General
38

Stevenson, Colonel James
609
,
610

Stewart, Colonel
364
,
365–6
,
367

Stewart, Dugald
559

Stewart, Lord
876

Stewart, General William
592
,
717

Stirling, Charles
210

Stopford, Rear-Admiral
650
,
652

Strachan, Admiral Richard
456
,
673
,
675

Strangford, Lord
583

Strasbourg
844

Stuart, General James
606
,
609
,
626
,
747

Stuart, Sir John
531
,
591

submarines
422–3

Suchet, Marshal Louis-Gabriel
79
,
401
,
707–8
,
724

Suckling, Captain Maurice
257
,
258
,
259
,
260

Suez Canal
309
,
329

sugar trade
142

Sullivan, Mr (British spy)
413–14

Sutton, Manvers
210

Sutton, Samuel
210

Sweden
109
,
121
,
352
,
363
,
368
,
432
,
490
,
503
,
527
,
533
,
588
,
825

Switzerland
250
,
346
,
347
,
375
,
406
,
408

Syria
see
Egyptian and Syrian campaigns

Tagliamento, Battle of
178

Tagus, River
614
,
617
,
698
,
702
,
704
,
711
,
713

Talavera, Battle of
699
,
700–3

Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice
657
,
686–7
,
820
,
922

character and background
188–90
,
389

conspires against Napoleon
530
,
654–6
,
921

death of
911

during Revolutionary Wars
186
,
249
,
250
,
300
,
304