The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History (105 page)

Choi Hak Gun,
217

Choi Ho Joong,
169

Choi Kwang Soo,
98

Choi Kyu Ha,
88
,
91

Chong Hong Jin,
12

Chung Chong Wook,
271

Chung Ho Yong,
106–107

Choson dynasty,
2
,
23
,
178

Christenson, Dick,
257

Christopher, Warren,
105
,
278
,
300

Chun Doo Hwan

assassination attempt against,
110–112

coup by,
92–98

election as president,
105

Kim Dae Jung and,
105–108

life and character of,
95–96
,
104–105

martial rule of,
98–105
,
129–133

opposition to,
102

power solidification of,
96–98

relations with North,
115–119
,
439

relations with Washington,
107–108
,
131–133

Roh Tae Woo and,
135–136

scandal around,
295–299

succession struggle around,
126–135

Chung Dong-young,
403
,
438

Chung Hee Kyung,
23

Chung Ho Yong,
106–107

Chung Il Kwon,
44

Chung Ju Yung,
141
,
160
,
298
,
311
,
337

visit to North,
324–325

Chung Se-hyon,
373

Chung Seung Hwa,
91–92

Clark, William,
151

Clements, William,
63

Cleveland, Paul,
56

Clinton, Bill,
217
,
219
,
225
,
247
,
259
,
347

Bush administration’s opposition to,
348–353
,
398
,
411

and Jo Myong Rok,
341–342

and North Korea policy,
230
,
232
,
279

and South Korea,
282
,
300–302
,
306–307

and visit to Pyongyang,
342
,
345
,
435–437
,
449

Clinton, Hillary,
436

Confucian,
16
,
25
,
26
,
40
,
272

influence on Chun Doo Hwan,
95
,
108

Confucianism,
3
,
15
,
16
,
179

Council on Foreign Relations,
368

Creekmore, Marion,
257

Crowe, William J.,
201

Cultural exchanges,
420

Currency revaluation,
449–450

Daeguk
,
179

Davies, Glyn,
455

De Gaulle, Charles,
43

December (1991) Accords,
203–206

Defueling crisis,
240–244
,
249

Delaney, James,
188

Demjan, Sandor,
148

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

application for UN membership,
180

armistice violations of,
293–294

cabinet,
324

collapse of,
289–295
,
308–312

contrasted with ROK,
78
,
183–184
,
316

correspondent’s view of,
180–186

December (1991) Accords,
203–206

Diamond Mountain (Mount Kumgang) in,
325
,
340
,
442

diplomacy with US,
151–153
,
207–208
,
340–346

diplomatic setbacks of,
169–175

dissatisfaction with armistice,
284–285
,
294

economy of,
78
,
233–234
,
308–312
,
323–326

     
crisis of 1991,
181–182

new policies under Kim Jong Il,
362–365
,
374
,
450
,
456

Special Administrative Regions (SAR),
365–366

See also
China
,
economic engagement with DPRK

famine in,
284
,
307
,
311–312
,
318
,
326

food shortages in,
290–291
,
301
,
308–312

founding of,
6

and four-party talks,
301
,
304
,
307
,
330

highly enriched uranium (HEU) program,
347
,
361–362
,
363–364
,
428–429

and human rights abuses,
17
,
360
,
373

illicit activities of,
408–409
,
418

Kumchang-ni in,
322–323
,
328
,
368

light-water reactor plan of,
224–227

military buildup in 1975,
80–82

military might of,
47–49

missile tests,
327
,
329
,
330
,
414
,
431

National Defense Commission,
268
,
318
,
324
,
341
,
342

natural disasters in,
290

naval clash with ROK,
440
,
443
,
444–446
,
451–452

nuclear capability of,
194–218
,
239–256
,
347–364

nuclear deterrent,
348–349
,
396
,
398
,
431

nuclear tests,
350
,
402
,
416–418
,
424
,
433

reconnaissance by,
80
,
303

refugees from,
400–401

relations with Burma,
110–111

relations with China,
178–179
,
203–204
,
448–449

relations with East Germany,
76
,
79

relations with Japan,
171–173
,
332
,
359–362
,
376

relations with ROK,
36–37
,
115–119
,
335–340
,
347
,
361

relations with Soviet Union,
203
,
325
,
327

relations with United States,
340–346
,
366–380
,
392–395
,
413–416

relief efforts by,
115

rocket launches of,
319–320
,
412
,
432
,
455

sanctions against,
415
,
432–435
,
443
,
455
,
459

socialism in,
77
,
110
,
181
,
274
,
314
,
456

space program of,
415
,
431–432
,
455

sponsor of terrorism,
356
,
428
,
429
,
431

submarine infiltration of ROK,
302–307
,
412

Supreme People’s Assembly,
37
,
173
,
208
,
313
,
324

and three-way talks,
113
,
114
,
121
,
184
,
395–396

three-year plan of 1993,
232–233

UN aid to,
290–291
,
293
,
302
,
311
,
323

Deng Xiaoping,
51
,
188

meeting with Kim Il Sung,
170–171

on the DPRK,
83
,
113–114
,
186
,
188

on Rangoon bombing,
113

reforms of,
121
,
147
,
186
,
187
,
189
,
192

Di Rita, Larry,
392

DIA.
See
United States
,
Defense Intelligence Agency
,
82
,
322

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

breach by US helicopters,
76
,
281–282

crisis of 1976 (
see
Axe murders in DMZ
)

described,
1–2

tunnels under,
45–47

Dobrynin, Anatoly,
162–163
,
165
,
174

Dole, Robert,
270

DPRK.
See
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Dubna Nuclear Research Center,
196

Dulles, John Foster,
196

East Germany,
76
,
79
,
119
,
146
,
159

Economic Planning Board,
28–29
,
214

Einhorn, Robert,
344

Eisenhower, Dwight,
196

Emergency Decree Nine,
54

Ericson, Richard,
44

Estes, Howell,
240

European Union,
340

Families, reunited,
22
,
36
,
115
,
318
,
332
,
337

Flanigan, Thomas,
247
,
269

Ford, Gerald,
44
,
53
,
73
,
112

DMZ crisis,
60–63
,
65
,
75

Korea policy of,
54
,
56
,
69

France,
107
,
334

nuclear collaboration with ROK,
55
,
57
,
59

Frudden, Mark,
65

Gabon plot,
111

Gallucci, Robert,
221–222
,
236
,
368

Agreed Framework negotiations by,
275–277
,
278–279

Carter and,
257
,
259–261

defueling crisis,
240–244

light-water reactors,
286

nuclear negotiations by,
221–223
,
227–228
,
269

Gates, Robert,
48
,
210
,
216
,
413
,
434

Giscard d’Estaing, Valery,
59

Gleysteen, William,
83–85
,
103
,
105
,
107

Chun coup,
93–94
,
96–97

Kwangju uprising,
98–104
,
105

Park assassination,
88–89
,
91–94

Gong Ro Myung,
278
,
287
,
288
,
305
,
306

Gorbachev, Mikhail,
121

Bush and,
154
,
159

economic reforms of,
147
,
156
,
160

Kim Il Sung and,
124
,
125
,
155

plot against,
202
,
203

Reagan and,
125
,
154

relations with ROK,
149
,
155
,
156–157
,
160
,
180

rise of,
154–155

Roh Tae Woo and,
159–165
,
175–177

Soviet-South Korean economic negotiations under,
175–177

Gordon, Michael,
235

Gore, Albert,
236
,
249
,
259
,
260
,
292
,
436

Graham, Billy,
85
,
234

Graham, Ruth,
234