The Speckled Monster (84 page)

Colman: Silverman 146-49, 151-56; Turell.

Salutation Inn, and other early Boston taverns: Samuel Adams Drake 45-46, 119; Thwing,
Crooked and Narrow Streets;
Bonner's map of 1722. Cheever: ZBHA 5-6; Thwing RCN 15679. Stewart (variously spelled Steward and Stuart): Stewart; Thwing RCN 56280; NEC Aug 7-14, 1721, “To the Author of the
New-England Courant
” (Ben Franklin identified the anonymous writer as “Dr. Steward” on his own copy, now in the British Library).

BNL's “pestilential contagion” issues: no. 910, July 6-10, 1721; no. 911, July 10-17, 1721. ZB's letter to the
Boston Gazette:
BG no. 85; July 10-17, 1721.

Departure of HMS
Seahorse:
Master's log, PRO MS ADM 52/482; paybook, PRO MS ADM 33/316, especially no. 207; Hector Bruce: letter from Durell to the Admiralty, 27 June 1721, PRO MS ADM 1/1694. Charles, infant son of Thomas and Ann Durell, was baptized on August 2, 1721, at King's Chapel, then Boston's lone Church of England establishment: RCB.

Inoculations of Helyer, Moll, John, Webbs: ZBHA 6-7. Helyer: Thwing RCN 39797. Joseph Webb: Thwing RCN 60405, Vinton 499.

CM: CMD, July 7-20, 1721, 2: 629-33.

Squabbles between the House of Representatives and Governor Shute: Hutchinson 2: 188-96; JHRM 3: 72-78. Governor's proclamation: BNL no. 908, June 29-July 3, 1721.

Identities of early inoculees, and denizens of Salutation Alley: ZBHA, cross-referenced with entries in Thwing's
Inhabitants and Estates,
and RCB. Webb/Adams clan: Vinton.

Mary Wortley's progress through inoculated smallpox: Maitland 9-10.

Physician witnesses of her inoculation, generally: Maitland 10; Stuart 36. Dr. James Keith (and the loss of his two elder sons): Maitland 11; Henderson 56-61, 141. Dr. Walter Harris (witness, and pock counter): Walter Harris, “De Inoculatione Variolarum” (for Mary's twelve pocks, see page 45). An abridged translation appears in Increase Mather's
Some Further Account
. Sir Hans Sloane: Sloane 516-17; de Beer 70, 74-77. Dr. Johann Georg Steigerthal: Miller, AIS 81, 84, note 54; Amyand, “List,” folio 2.

Social witnesses: Lord and Lady Townshend: Stuart 22-23; Grundy, LMWM 66, 91; Charlotte Tichborne and the duchess of Dorset: Grundy, LMWM 218;
www.ihrinfo.ac.uk/office/caroline.html
;
LM and the Princess of Wales's shared friends more generally: Grundy, “Medical Advance” 19.

Peter Keith's inoculation: Maitland 11-12; “Persons Inoculated by Mr. Charles Maitland,” RSI, Part 2, folio 219.

Princess Caroline's scarlet fever:
The Weekly Journal: or, British Gazetteer,
May 6, 1721, p. 1913;
Applebee's,
May 13, 1721, p. 2057, qtd. in Miller, AIS 80.

Maneuvering toward the prison experiment: Maitland, folio A2
^v
, Sloane 517; Grundy, LMWM 209-13. For further evidence, along with a different argument (supporting Sir Hans Sloane and the physicians, and more or less dismissing both LM and the Princess of Wales), see Miller, AIS 70-91. LM's distrust of doctors: Stuart 35-36; Grundy, LMWM 217-18. Lord Townshend's legal query and the answer: qtd. in Miller, AIS 75-6. See also Grundy, “Medical Advance” 20. Mehemet and Mustafa: Hatton 99-100.

Personal connections driving inoculation. See sources for “Signs and Wonders.”

WD: W. Philanthropos (i.e., WD), “To the Author of the Boston News Letter,” BNL no. 912, July 17-24, 1721; WDD; WD,
Inoculation
7 (“There is not a Race of Men on Earth more False Lyars”); WD (anonymous, but later identified by Benjamin Franklin), “A Continuation of the History of Inoculation in Boston,” NEC no. 1, August 7, 1721 (unanimous agreement of selectmen).

ZB: ZBHA;
Some Account
8-17 (for “lions in Africa,” “we are yet but learners,” inoculation “a great blessing to mankind,” “a mighty bustle,” and plague argument rebuttals including “excessively ridiculous.”)

Stewart: Stewart.

CM's testimony (probably gleaned from ZB): CMA 10-14.

General contrasts between inoculated and natural smallpox: ZBHA; CMA; Colman,
Some Observations
.

Army of Africans: Increase Mather,
Several Reasons
(ZB and CM seemed to share many phrases and conversations on the subject). ZB wrote “a considerable number”:
Some Account
9.

Newgate's history and description, and life inside its walls: Babington;
Complete Newgate Calendar;
Defoe,
Moll Flanders
(first published in January 1722; Defoe did time in Newgate and his descriptions of the prison in this novel are presumed to record personal experience).

Date of the selection and removal of the prisoners to the Press Yard:
The Weekly Journal or Saturday's Post,
July 29, 1721, p. 832, qtd. and paraphrased in Miller, AIS 83. Prisoners' names and ages: Maitland 21. Indictments and convictions: Mary North:
Apple-bee's,
Saturday March 4, 1721, p. 1996; March 11, 1721, p. 2002. John Alcock:
Applebee's,
Saturday, May 27, 1721, p.2069. Elizabeth Harrison:
Applebee's,
April 22, 1721, p.2039. Ann Tompion as wife of Thomas Tompion: Grundy, LMWM 213, note 36; “Tompion, Thomas (1639-1713)” in the
Dictionary of National Biography
. Richard Evans having had smallpox in September 1720: Maitland 22.

The tale of the prisoners' blood being drained: Dr. Matthias Ernest Boretius, retold (in translation) by Miller, AIS 84-85.

The “Castle of Misery”: Babington.

Lizzy's room, and the Press Yard more generally: closely modeled on descriptions by an anonymous Jacobite prisoner held there in 1715:
The History of the Press Yard
(London, 1717), qtd. in Babington 70-80.

Individual inoculees: ZBHA; Thwing,
Inhabitants and Estates;
RCB. Personal connections driving inoculation: Grundy, “Medical Advance” 18-19, 26-28.

CM's thoughts at the library window: CMD 2:633-4, July 21, 23, and 27, 1721. “Distress about Sammy” and secrecy: CMD 3:635-36, Aug. 1, 1721. Diary entries (and thoughts while writing in the diary): CMD 2:635-43, August 1-30, 1721.

WD's newspaper writings: BNL, no. 912, July 17-24, 1721; NEC nos. 1-3, August 7, 14, and 21, 1721. He was shut out of issue no. 4, for August 28: Lemay, “Printer, 1657-1730,” 1721, 28 Aug. (a). Colman's rebuttal: Colman, Letter to the Reverend Mr. ———of Boston, MS in the Countway Library of Medicine; printed in Fitz, 326-27 (signed by Colman alone); edited newspaper version: BG no. 88, July 27-31, 1721.

CM as manipulator: Silverman 254-60; his argument that inoculation was not only lawful, but a duty: Increase Mather,
Several Reasons
.

Ben Franklin: Franklin,
Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs
18-52 (34, for his thoughts about the pitfalls of being argumentative).

Defense of ZB by Cheever, Helyer, and the two Webbs: presumably BG no. 90, August 7-14, 1721. I've found no extant copy, but WD describes it in NEC no. 3, August 21, 1721.

NEC and James Franklin, BNL and John Campbell, BG and Philip Musgrave: Clark 77-140.

William Charnock: Shipton vol. 7, under “William Charnock”; Thwing RCN 15071 (for his father, John Charnock).

General Court at the George Inn: JHRM 3: 84-93.

Maitland's “Journal of the Experiment at Newgate”: Maitland 20-26; Maitland's note to Sloane: BL, Sloane MS 4076, folio 96. Witnesses of the inoculation: Miller, AIS 84, quoting contemporary newspapers. Sloane's description of the Newgate experiment: Sloane. Wagstaffe's opposition observations (along with identification of Dr. John Freind as one of the witnesses): Wagstaffe. Additional details and modern scholarly accounts: Miller, AIS 84-86; Grundy, “Medical Advance.”

Applebee's
opposition:
Applebee's,
August 12, 1721, qtd. in Grundy, “Medical Advance” 21 (prisoners pretending not to have had the smallpox);
Applebee's,
August 19, 1721, p. 2139, qtd. in Miller, AIS 86-87 (a way for the guilty to escape). Political implications of the experiments: Wilson; Grundy, LMWM 212.

Mead's experiment with the Chinese method (up the nose): Mead 257;
The Post-Boy,
no. 5005, 19-22 August, 1721, and
The Weekly Journal: or, British Gazetteer,
Aug. 26, 1721, p. 2011 (for the claim that it had been done while the girl was asleep).

LM's summer: LMCL 2: 12-13, Letter to Lady Mar, 6 September 1721 (including “thread-satin beauty” and melting time “in almost perpetual concerts”); Grundy, LMWM 211 (quoting LM's lost diary on the Princess of Wales's “unquailing” support); Grundy, “Medical Advance” 28 (reasons for LM's concealment).

LM/Mr. Cook: Maitland 25; story of sneaking into the Hagia Sofia: Halsband,
Life
82-83; Spence,
Grand Tour
359-60 (LMCL 1: 398-99 for officially sanctioned tours of Hagia Sofia and Sultan Suleiman's mosque, the Suleymaniye). Second cook and the plague: LMCL 1: 338. LM's delight in going incognito in Turkish veils: LMCL 1: 328-30, 354-55, 405-12; Grundy, LMWM. Isaac Massey fuming at Child's: Isaac Massey,
Short and Plain Account
3-4.

Sir Hans on a further experiment: Sir Hans Sloane, Letter to Dr. Richardson, 22 August 1721, in Nichols 1: 277-78.

ZB's inoculations through the period covered by this chapter: ZBHA 9-15. Mrs. Dixwell: ZBHA 9-10; John Williams,
Several Arguments
8-9. John Dixwell: Thwing RCN 24202; “Notes and Queries,” NEHGR 32 (1878): 93; RCB, New North Church records. Dixwell children: see deeds noted in Thwing RCN 62626 and 62624 (Hannah and John Wormall) and 50805 (their maternal grandfather, John Prout). Sammy Mather: CMD August 30, 1721, 2: 643; ZBHA 8. Mrs. Dodge: ZBHA 11; her father: Thwing RCN 24264 and 24265 (likely the same person). Judge Lynde's young black man: ZBHA 11.

Boylstons' dinner: Gibson 12, 23, 42.

Moses Pierce House:
www.paulreverehouse.org/history3.html
;
Moses Pierce: Thwing RCN 49812 (also recording the death of their daughter); Elizabeth Parminter Pierce: Thwing RCN 48596, for John Parminter (her father), recording a birthdate of September 3, 1688, which identifies her with ZB's “Mrs. Pierce, about thirty-two years old.” William Clark house: Whitehill and Kennedy 27.

Bethiah Nichols/Mrs. N--s: ZBHA 12-13; Thwing RCN 46997 (for her husband William Nichols); Vinton 500.

Selectmen's meeting to regulate funerals: SM 87. Frances Webb's funeral: SSD 2:982; CMD 2:646. Adams family: ZBHA 14-15, Vinton 499-503 (for relations to Webbs). Samuel Adams: Thwing RCN 212; “Adams Family Bible” 283-84. Samuel Jones: Thwing RCN 41168; RCB, records of New North Church (for marriage to Mary Adams, and baptism of daughter Mary);
Boston Births
106 (for birth of daughter Mary).

Mrs. Margaret Salter: ZBHA 13-14; Thwing RCN 53516 (her husband), 4210 (her father, Jonathan Balston), and 4209 (her grandfather, also Jonathan Balston, recording the marriage of her aunt Prudence Balston Turner, to John Marion).

The wrong saddle tarred and feathered: John Williams,
Answer
12-13 (noted in Mager 96).

Firewood: CMD Sept. 16, 1721, 2:646; SM 88-89, September 23, 1721.

Lizzy in Hertford: Maitland 19-20, 33; Sloane 517-18; Royal Society
Journal-Book
12, entry for Nov. 16, 1721. Maitland's other inoculations in Hertford: Maitland 26-35. Christ's Hospital, Hertford:
www.hertford.net/bluecoats.htm
;
www.christs-hospital.org.uk

WD's letter to Dr. Alexander Stuart: adapted from Stewart and from WD's later published version of his several letters to Stuart. See also Stearns and Pasti 116, and Miller, AIS 93-94.

Paxton's runaway slave, Hector: BG no. 97, Sept. 25-Oct. 2, 1721, and no. 98, Oct. 2-9, 1721; Roger Paxton:
Seahorse
paybook, PRO MS ADM 33/316, no. 280.

Mrs. N--s's (Bethiah Nichols) miscarriage and loss of eye: ZBHA 12-13.

Family's fears for ZB: Peter Thacher 776.

Biblical references:
Thou shalt not kill:
Exodus 20:13, and Deuteronomy 5:17; Waters of God: Genesis 1:2, Ezekial 47:1-5; Isaiah 43:2; Revelation 17:1.

Epidemic statistics: BNL no. 923, Oct. 2-9, 1721; CMD 2: 652, Oct. 7-8, 1721; Stewart (for number of patients visited by doctors daily).

Eunice Willard's inoculation: ZBHA 16. For patients' relative comfort: CM's anonymous “Way of Proceeding” 33-35; Colman,
Some Observations
. Her life and character: Willard 370-71. Loring/Breck and Fitch inoculations: ZBHA 16.

Deaths of Madam Checkley and Martha Cotes: SSD 2:983. Bronsdon children: Thwing RCN 7358 for their father, Benjamin Bronsdon, and genealogy in NEHGR 35 (1881): 362 (Selectman William Clark was married to Benjamin's sister Sarah) Merchant children: Thwing RCN 45446 for their father, William Merchant.

Boston newspaper reports of Newgate: BG no. 100, October 16-23, 1721 (also containing camel and lion advertisements); BG no. 101, October 23-30, 1721. ZB's family inoculations: ZBHA 16-17.

Shute's proclamation for Day of Thanksgiving: BG no. 98, October 2-9, 1721; CM falling ill: CMD 2:654. Loring's death: SSD 2:984, October 27, 1721 (recording the burial).
Faithful Account:
BG no. 101, October 23-30, 1721; arguments re authorship: Kittredge, “Some Lost Works” 460; Fitz. Governor's speech: JHRM 3:137.

Inoculees, Oct. 30-Dec. 2, 1721: ZBHA 17-29.

CM's encounter with James Franklin: NEC no. 18, Nov. 27-Dec 4, 1721.

Attack on Boylston household: James Thacher 1:187 (account provided by ZB's great-nephew, Ward Nicholas Boylston—grandson of Zabdiel's brother Thomas); Hutchinson 2:206. Boston's reputation for rioting: Bridenbaugh 382-83. Attack on Mather household: CMD 2:657-58, November 14, 1721; Hutchinson 2:207. Reward: JHRM 3:150, 15 Nov. 1721. House's measure to help those in “reduced straits” due to the epidemic: JHRM 3:147, 13 Nov. 1721.