The Spanish Armada (63 page)

Angel
(English ship),
ref 1

Anne of Austria, Queen of Philip II,
ref 1

Anne Boleyn, Queen of Henry VIII,
ref 1
,
ref 2

António, Dom, Prior of Crato,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

Antwerp: siege and burning (1585),
ref 1

Anunciada
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Appletree, William,
ref 1

Aquereis, Captain Antonio de Taso,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Aramburu, Marcos de,
ref 1

Aranda, Martin de,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Ark Royal
(English ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Armada: fleet prepared in Spain and Portugal,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; illicitly supplied by English merchants,
ref 1
;
conjectured landing places,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; warning signals and beacons in England prepared and used,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; ships damaged by storms before sailing,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; ship numbers, strength and equipment,
ref 1
; rations and
diet,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; religious and moral injunctions,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; operational
orders,
ref 1
; departure delayed by bad weather,
ref 1
; slow progress to England,
ref 1
; dysentery,
ref 1
;
desertions,
ref 1
; musters at Corunna,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; crescent formation (
lunula
),
ref 1
,
ref 2
; leaves
Corunna,
ref 1
; first encountered by English,
ref 1
; proceeds up Channel,
ref 1
; anchors off Dodman Point, Cornwall,
ref 1
; engaged by English,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; accidental ship losses,
ref 1
; warships divided into two flotillas,
ref 1
; and action off Portland,
ref 1
; casualties and ship losses,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; anchors
off Calais,
ref 1
; attacked by fireships at Calais,
ref 1
; in battle of Gravelines,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; re-forms
crescent formation and heads north-north-east,
ref 1
; Englishmen serve in,
ref 1
; demoralisation and surrender talks,
ref 1
; clears
Flanders banks and reaches North Sea,
ref 1
; army and navy captains arraigned and punished for cowardice,
ref 1
; heads north on homeward
voyage,
ref 1
; English fleet leaves for home,
ref 1
; rumoured victories over English,
ref 1
; rounds north of
Scotland,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; return voyage,
ref 1
; ships wrecked on west coast of Ireland,
ref 1
; estimated
numbers of wrecks and dead in Ireland and Scotland,
ref 1
; defeat and disaster reported to Spain,
ref 1
; deaths from disease and starvation,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; post-mortems on failure,
ref 1
; slow rate of firing guns and low firepower,
ref 1
; mocked in Germany,
ref 1
; English victory medals,
ref 1
; English thanksgiving services and celebrations over,
ref 1
,
ref 2
;
English victory satires and propaganda on,
ref 1
; ships repaired and reinforced,
ref 1
; effect of storms on,
ref 1
;
prisoners’ fate,
ref 1

Arundel, Philip Howard, Earl of,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Asculi, Luis de Leiva, Prince of,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Ashley, Anthony,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Ashley, Catherine (‘Kat’),
ref 1

Atjeh (Sumatra), sultanate of,
ref 1

Avila, Don Cristobal de,
ref 1

Aylmer, John, Bishop of London,
ref 1

Azores: English plan to capture,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
;
see also
Flores

Azzaro, Padre Marian,
ref 1

Babington, Anthony,
ref 1

Bailly, Charles,
ref 1

Barca de Amberg
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Barca de Danzig
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Barker, William,
ref 1

Barnard Castle, Co. Durham,
ref 1

Barque Bond
(English ship),
ref 1

Barque Talbot
(English ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Barry, Richard,
ref 1

Bazán, Don Pedro Alonso de,
ref 1

Bazana
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Bear
(English ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Bear Yonge
(English ship),
ref 1

Beauvais, General François de,
ref 1

Beeston, Sir George,
ref 1

Beltrán del Salton,
ref 1

Benito de Maiora, Francisco de,
ref 1

Bennet, Fr William,
ref 1

Bentivollo (Italian eyewitness),
ref 1

Bergen-op-Zoom,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Berryman, Jobn,
ref 1

Bertendona, Admiral Martin de,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Bijlaer, Gerard van,
ref 1

Bingham, Sir Richard,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Blanco, Pedro,
ref 1

Blavet, France,
ref 1

Blount, Bessie,
ref 1

Bobadilla, Don Francisco de,
ref 1

Boleyn, George,
ref 1

Boleyn, Mary,
ref 1

Bonaventura
(English ship),
ref 1

Bonavolia
(English galley),
ref 1

Boncampagni, Giacomo,
ref 1

Borne, Charles,
ref 1

Borough, Vice-Admiral William,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Boteler, Sir Philip,
ref 1

Bothwell, James Hepburn, 4th Earl of,
ref 1

Boulogne: resists Catholic occupation,
ref 1

Bourbourg: peace talks,
ref 1

Bowes, Sir George,
ref 1

Bramham Moor, battle of (1569),
ref 1

Bray, William,
ref 1

Briant, Alexander, SJ,
ref 1

Brigandine
(English ship),
ref 1

Browne, William,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Bull, Simon (executioner),
ref 1

Burghley, William Cecil, Baron: as Elizabeth’s secretary of state,
ref 1
; and threat of Mary Queen of Scots,
ref 1
; and northern
rebellion (1569),
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and Norfolk’s plotting against Elizabeth,
ref 1
; anti-Catholic measures,
ref 1
; and rumours of Armada preparations,
ref 1
; told of Spanish plan to capture Elizabeth alive,
ref 1
; fears Catholic rising,
ref 1
; Howard reports good condition of ships to,
ref 1
; and navy’s
victualling shortage,
ref 1
; on
Allen’s
Admonition
,
ref 1
; and Walsingham’s apprehensions over Armada,
ref 1
; on financial difficulties,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; Fitzwilliam reports to on Spanish dead in Ireland,
ref 1
; on unpaid seamen,
ref 1
; orders propaganda
tracts,
ref 1
; borrows money,
ref 1
; agrees to expedition against Spain and Portugal,
ref 1
; Norris requests reinforcements for
expedition against Spain,
ref 1
; final illness and death,
ref 1

Burley, Richard,
ref 1

Cadiz: Drake attacks,
ref 1

Calais: Armada anchors off,
ref 1
; fireships attack Armada at,
ref 1
; English pillaging,
ref 1

Calderón, Pedro de: on Armada’s sea battles,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; on blowing up of
San
Salvador
,
ref 1
; on Frobisher’s escape,
ref 1
; on fireships at Calais,
ref 1
; on sailing north round Scotland,
ref 1
; on shortage of supplies,
ref 1
; on punishment of officers,
ref 1
; advises Medina Sidonia to avoid Ireland,
ref 1

Cantanei family,
ref 1

Capello, Isardo,
ref 1

Capitana
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Carey, Sir George,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Carleill, Christopher,
ref 1

Carrafa, Cardinal Antonio,
ref 1

Casa de Paz Grande
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Castañeda, Ensign,
ref 1

Castelnau, Michel,
ref 1

Castiglione, Battista,
ref 1

Castillo Negro
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Catherine de Medici, Queen of Henri II of France,
ref 1

Catholic League,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Catholics: flourish under Mary Tudor,
ref 1
; and Mary Queen of Scots,
ref 1
; distribution and practice in England,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; in northern rebellion (1569),
ref 1
; Pius V commands to disobey Elizabeth,
ref 1
; Elizabeth’s
reluctance to persecute,
ref 1
; opposition to Elizabeth,
ref 1
; exiles in Netherlands,
ref 1
; legislation against,
ref 1
; proposed exile to America,
ref 1
; conflict with Huguenots in France,
ref 1
; potential rising in England,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
; recusants,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; volunteer to fight against Spaniards,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; anti-Spanish feelings,
ref 1

Cecil, Sir Robert (
later
1st Earl of Salisbury),
ref 1

Cecil, Sir William
see
Burghley. Baron

Centurion
(English ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Cesis, Count Nicolo,
ref 1

Chapuys, Eustace,
ref 1

Charles IX, King of France,
ref 1
,
ref 2

‘Chatham Chest’,
ref 1

Ciervo Volante
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Clancy, Boetius,
ref 1

Clément, Jacques,
ref 1

Clenock, Maurice,
ref 1

Clere, Sir Edward,
ref 1

climate
see
weather

Cobham, William Brooke, 10th Baron,
ref 1

Cocke, Sir Henry,
ref 1

Concepción de Juan de Cano
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Concepción de Zubelzu, La
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Constable, Sir Robert,
ref 1

Contarini, Alvise,
ref 1

Contarini, Tomaso,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Copley, Fr Anthony,
ref 1

Copy of a Letter to Don Bernardin Mendoza, The
(tract),
ref 1

Cordell, Thomas,
ref 1

Cordell, Sir William,
ref 1

Córdoba, Don Felipe de,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Cornwall: militia quit service after passage of Armada, 134; Spanish attacks on,
ref 1

Corunna,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7

Coutras, battle of (1587),
ref 1

Cox, Peter,
ref 1

Coxe, Captain William,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury,
ref 1

Cripps, Captain,
ref 1

Croft, Elizabeth,
ref 1

Crosse, Captain Robert,
ref 1

Cuéllar, Captain Francisco de,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Dacre, Magdalene,
ref 1

Darnley, Henry Stuart, Earl of,
ref 1

‘David’
see
Andrada, Manuel de

David Chico
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Dawtrey, Captain Nicholas,
ref 1

Delight
(English pinnace),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Deloney, Thomas,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Dence, Thomas,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Denny, Sir Edward,
ref 1

Denny, Lady Margaret,
ref 1

Devereux, Walter,
ref 1

Diana
(Portuguese galley),
ref 1

Disdain
(English barque),
ref 1

Doncella
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Dormer, Jane,
ref 1

Dover,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Drake, Sir Francis: hatred of Spain,
ref 1
; raids against Spanish,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; leads naval expedition against
Spain,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; attacks Cadiz,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; despatch to Walsingham,
ref 1
; appointed
vice-admiral to Howard of Effingham,
ref 1
; impatience to strike at Armada,
ref 1
; Howard joins at Plymouth,
ref 1
; reports on
unsuccessful reconnaissance in Channel,
ref 1
; supposed game of bowls,
ref 1
; assaults on Armada ships,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; as lead ship tailing Armada,
ref 1
; letter to Seymour on first day’s action,
ref 1
; captures
Rosario
,
ref 1
; attacks
El Gran Grifón
,
ref 1
; blocks Spanish access to Isle of Wight,
ref 1
; offers fireships at Calais,
ref 1
; attacks Armada at Gravelines,
ref 1
; in pursuit of Armada,
ref 1
; Sixtus praises,
ref 1
; as threat to Spain
after Armada defeat,
ref 1
; with Norris on expedition against Spain and Portugal,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; commandeers Dutch flyboats for
expedition,
ref 1
; and Essex’s escapade,
ref 1
; lured by plunder,
ref 1
; lands at Corunna,
ref 1
; falls
from Queen’s favour,
ref 1
; establishes ‘Chatham Chest’ for seamen’s relief,
ref 1
; death in West Indies,
ref 1
; character and manner,
ref 1