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Roy, Steve and Watzke, Megan. “X-rays from Saturn pose puzzles.”
NASA
/Marshall Space Flight Center News Release #04-031, March 8, 2004.
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.

80
“Overview: Saturn.” NASA Solar System Exploration.
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=OverviewLong
.

81
Finn, Heidi. “Saturn Details Become Visible to Cassini Spacecraft.” NASA GISS Research News, December 5, 2003.
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82
Porco, Carolyn. “Approach to Saturn Begins.” Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Observations News Release. February 27, 2004.
http://www.ciclops.org/index/54/Approach_to_Saturn_Begins
.

83
Associated Press. “Scientists Studying Saturn Lightning Storm.” February 15, 2006.
http://web.archive.org/web/20060217224253/http://apnews.myway.com/article/20060215/D8FPC9K8B.html
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84
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. “Titan Casts Revealing Shadow.” Chandra X-Ray Observatory Photo Album Web site of NASA/SAO. April 5, 2004.
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.

85
“A dense, hazy atmosphere at least 400 kilometers (250 miles) thick obscures the surface [of Titan.]” In Woodfill, Jerry.
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NASA JSC Space Educator’s Handbook, Last Updated February 11, 2000.
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.

86
Brown, Michael E., et al. “Direct detection of variable tropospheric clouds near Titan’s south pole.”
Nature,
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.

87
Sittler, Ed, et al. “Pickup Ions at Dione and Enceladus: Cassini Plasma Spectrometer Simulations.” NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109: January 20, 2004.
http://caps.space.swri.edu/caps/publications/Sittler.pdf
.

88
Moskowitz, Clara. “Tropical Storm Spotted on Saturn’s Moon Titan.” LiveScience, August 12, 2009.
http://www.livescience.com/space/090812-titan-clouds.html
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89
NASA/Karkoschka, Erich, et al. “Huge Spring Storms Rouse Uranus from Winter Hibernation.” HubbleSite NewsCenter, March 29, 1999, no. 11.
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/11/text/
.

90
Karkoschka, Erich, et al. “Hubble Finds Many Bright Clouds on Uranus.” HubbleSite NewsCenter, October 14, 1998, no. 35.
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1998/35/
.

91
NASA/Karkoschka, Erich, et al.
Huge Spring Storms Rouse Uranus from Winter Hibernation.
Op cit.

92
NASA. “Huge Storms Hit the Planet Uranus.” Science@NASA Web site, March 29, 1999.
http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/ast29mar99_1/
.

93
McLachlan, Sean. “UA scientists look closely at Uranus.” University of Arizona Daily Wildcat, March 30, 1999.
http://wc.arizona.edu/papers/92/123/01_3_m.html
.

94
“1.29 Completed WF/PC-2 8634 (Atmospheric Variability on Uranus and Neptune).” Period Covered: 09/29/00-10/02/00. Hubble Space Telescope Daily Report #2719.
http://www.stsci.edu/ftp/observing/status_reports/old_reports_00/hst_status_10_02_00
.

95
Sromovsky, Lawrence A., et al., Press Release, University of Wisconsin, Madison, November 2004.
http://www.news.wisc.edu/10402.html
.

96
de Pater, et al., Press Release, UC Berkeley, November 2004.
http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/11/10_uranus.shtml
.

97
Encrenaz, T., et al. “First detection of CO in Uranus.” Observatoire de Paris Press Release,
SpaceRef.com
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http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=13226
.

98
Perlman, David. “Rare edge-on glimpse of Uranus’ rings reveals graphic changes.”
San Francisco Chronicle,
August 24, 2007.
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99
Savage, Don, et al. “Hubble Discovers New Dark Spot on Neptune.” HubbleSite NewsCenter, April 19, 1995.
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100
Sromovsky, Lawrence, et al., University of Wisconsin-Madison. “Hubble Provides a Moving Look at Neptune’s Stormy Disposition.”
ScienceDaily Magazine,
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101
Sromovsky, Lawrence A., et al. “Neptune’s Increased Brightness Provides Evidence for Seasons.” University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center, April 22, 2002.
http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/media/Neptune2003.htm
.

102
Associated Press. “Scientists: Cold Neptune has a warm spot.”
CNN.com
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103
Halber, Deborah. “MIT researcher finds evidence of global warming on Neptune’s largest moon.” MIT News, June 24, 1998.
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/1998/triton.html
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104
Savage, Don, Weaver, Donna, and Halber, Deborah. “Hubble Space Telescope Helps Find Evidence that Neptune’s Largest Moon Is Warming Up.” HubbleSite NewsCenter, June 24, 1998, no. 23.
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1998/23/text/
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105
Britt, Robert Roy. “Puzzling Seasons and Signs of Wind Found on Pluto.”
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106
Halber, Deborah. “Pluto is undergoing global warming, researchers find.” MIT News, October 9. 2002.
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2002/pluto.html
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107
Britt, Robert Roy. “Global Warming on Pluto Puzzles Scientists.”
Space.com
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108
Halber, Deborah. “Pluto’s Atmosphere is Expanding, Researchers Say.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology Spaceflight Now News Release, July 9, 2003.
http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0307/09pluto/
.

109
Halber, Deborah. “Pluto is undergoing global warming, researchers find.” Op. cit.

110
Britt, Robert Roy. “Puzzling Seasons and Signs of Wind Found on Pluto.” Op. cit.

111
Associated Press. “Hubble sees Pluto changing color, ice sheet cover.” February 4, 2010.
http://current.com/news/92072563_hubble-sees-pluto-changing-color-ice-sheet-cover.htm
(accessed December 2010).

112
Ibid.

113
Baker, Daniel, et al. “Radiation Belts Around Earth Adversely Affecting Satellites.” American Geophysical Union/University of Colorado at Boulder News, December 7, 1998.
http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/1998/C/199802852.html
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114
Schewe, Phillip F. and Stein, Ben. “Physics News Update.” The American Institute of Physics Bulletin of Physics News, May 27, 1993.
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115
“Explorers: Searching the Universe Forty Years Later.” NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. October 1998: FS-1998(10)-018-GSFC.
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/pdf/106420main_explorers.pdf
.

116
“Wayward satellite can be seen from Earth: CNN Interviews Columbia Astronauts.” CNN Interactive/Technology News Service, February 27, 1996.
http://web.archive.org/web/20080614225040/http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9602/shuttle/02-27/index.html
.

117
“Shuttle Astronauts Lament Loss of Satellite.” CNN Interactive/Technology News, February 27,1996.
http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9602/shuttle/02-26/crew_reax/index.html
.

118
“Wayward satellite can be seen from Earth: CNN Interviews Columbia Astronauts.” Op. cit.

119
“Failed satellite experiment a devastating blow: A probe into the Columbia mission is under way.” CNN Interactive/Technology News Service, February 26, 1996.
http://web.archive.org/web/20080614224953/http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9602/shuttle/02-26/index.html
.

120
Day, Charles. “New Measurements of Hydroxyl in the Middle Atmosphere Confound Chemical Models.” Physics Today Online, Vol. 53, No. 11, p. 17, 2001.
http://web.archive.org/web/20071030074008/http://www.aip.org/pt/vol-53/iss-11/p17.html
.

121
Ibid.

122
Osterbrock, Don, et al. “Telescope Studies of Terrestrial and Planetary Nightglows.” SRI International, July 23, 2001.
http://www-mpl.sri.com/projects/pyu02424.html
.

123
Adam, David. “Goodbye Sunshine.”
Guardian Unlimited
, December 18, 2003.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2003/dec/18/science.research1
.

124
Ibid.

125
Madrigal, Alexis. “Mysterious, Glowing Clouds Appear Across America’s Night Skies.” Wired Science, July 16, 2009.
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/07/nightclouds/
(accessed December 2010).

126
Ibid.

127
UNEP/WMO Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. Chapter 2: Observed Climate Variability and Change, Executive Summary. UNEP/WMO/IPCC, 2001.
http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/049.htm
.

128
Levitus, Sydney. “Temporal variability of the temperature-salinity structure of the world ocean.” NOAA/NWS, The 10th Symposium on Global Climate Change Studies. Rutgers University.
http://marine.rutgers.edu/cool/education/Sydney.htm
.

129
Piola, A. R., Mestas Nunez, A. M., and Enfield, D. B. “South Atlantic Ocean Temperature Variability: Vertical Structure and Associated Climate Fluctuations.” International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans, IC02-49 Oral.
http://web.archive.org/web/20060925034528/http://www.olympus.net/IAPSO/abstracts/IC-02/IC02-49.htm
.

130
National Academy of Sciences. “El Niño and La Niña: Tracing the Dance of Ocean and Atmosphere.” March, 2000.
http://web.archive.org/web/20050516054542/http://iceageumeqs.maine.edu/pdfs/PDFelnino2.pdf..

131
National Weather Service. “Weekly ENSO Update.” NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center.
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/MJO/enso.shtml
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132
Zhang, Rong-Hua and Levitus, Sydney. “Structure and Cycle of Decadal Variability of Upper-Ocean Temperature in the North Pacific.”
NOAA/AMS Journal of Climate,
September 9, 1996, pp. 710–727.
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0442%281997%29010%3C0710%3ASACODV%3E2.0.CO%3B2
.

133
Landscheidt, Theodor. “Solar Activity Controls El Niño and La Niña.” Scrhoeter Institute for Research in Cycles of Solar Activity, Nova Scotia, Canada.
http://web.archive.org/web/20011116200002/http://www.vision.net.au/~daly/sun-enso/sun-enso.htm
.

134
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. “Global Earthquake Search.” U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center, July 10, 2003.
http://web.archive.org/web/20030628162258/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/epic/epic_global.html
.

135
Baxter, Stefanie J. “Earthquake Basics.” USGS/Delaware Geological Survey, Special Publication no. 23, University of Delaware, 2000.
http://www.dgs.udel.edu/sites/dgs.udel.edu/files/publications/sp23.pdf
.

136
Watson, Kathie. “Volcanic and Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawaii: Earthquake Hazards.” U.S. Geological Survey, July 18, 1997.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/hazards/earthquakes.html
.

137
These figures were derived from the USGS/NEIC (PDE) 1973–Present database on the USGS Web site referenced below. Each year from 1973 to 2003 was individually searched in this database with the dates January 1 to December 31, with a magnitude range of 3.0–10. The results were downloaded in comma-delimited spreadsheet format and imported into Microsoft Excel 2003, where the exact number of line entries (one per quake) could be automatically counted for each year. The link to replicate this study, when we conducted it in summer 2003, is as follows: USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. “Global Earthquake Search.” U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center, July 10, 2003.
http://web.archive.org/web/20030628162258/http://neicusgs.gov/neis/epic/epic_global.html

138
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. “Are Earthquakes Really on the Increase?” U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center, June 18, 2003.
http://web.archive.org/web/20051214124438/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/general/increase_in_earthquakes
. html.

139
Ibid.

140
Chandler, Lynn. “Satellites Reveal a Mystery of Large Change in Earth’s Gravity Field.” NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, August 1, 2002.
http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20020801gravityfield.html
.

141
Jones, Nicola. “Anomalies hint at magnetic pole flip.”
New Scientist,
April 10, 2002.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2152-anomalies-hint-at-magnetic-pole-flip.html
.

142
Whitehouse, David. “Is the Earth preparing to flip?” BBC News Online World Edition, March 27, 2003.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2889127.stm
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