The Sleepwalkers

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Authors: Arthur Koestler

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The
Sleepwalkers

A
history of man's changing vision of the Universe

ARTHUR
KOESTLER

With
an Introduction by

HERBERT
BUTTERFIELD, M.A.

Master
of Peterhouse and Professor of Modern History

in
the University of Cambridge

New
York

THE
MACMILLAN
COMPANY
*
1959

CONTENTS

Introduction

Preface

PART
ONE THE HEROIC AGE

I
DAWN

1.
Awakening
.
2.
Ionian
Fever
.

II
THE HARMONY OF THE SPHERES

1.
Pythagoras
of
Samos
.
2.
The
Unifying
Vision
.
3.
"Soft
Stillness
and
the
Night."
4.
Religion
and
Science
Meet
.
5.
Tragedy
and
Greatness
of
the
Pythagoreans
.

III
THE EARTH ADRIFT

1.
Philolaus
and
the
Central
Fire
.
2.
Herakleides
and
the
Sun-Centred
Universe
.
3.
Aristarchus,
the
Greek
Copernicus
.

IV
THE FAILURE OF NERVE

1.
Plato
and
Aristotle
.
2.
Rise
of
the
Circular
Dogma
.
3.
The
Fear
of
Change

V
THE DIVORCE FROM REALITY

1.
Spheres
Within
Spheres
(Eudoxus)
.
2.
Wheels
Within
Wheels:
(Ptolemy)
.
3.
The
Paradox
.
4.
Knowing
and
Un-Knowing
.
5.
The
New
Mythology
.
6.
The
Cubist
Universe
.

Chronological
Table to Part One

PART
TWO DARK INTERLUDE

I
THE RECTANGULAR UNIVERSE

1.
The
City
of
God
.
2.
The
Bridge
to
the
City
.
3.
The
Earth
as
a
Tabernacle
.
4.
The
Earth
is
Round
Again
.

II
THE WALLED-IN UNIVERSE

1.
The
Scale
of
Being
.
2.
The
Age
of
Double-Think
.

III
THE UNIVERSE OF THE SCHOOLMEN

1.
The
Thaw
.
2.
Potency
and
Act
.
3.
The
Weeds
.
4.
Summary
.

Chronological
Table to Part Two

PART
THREE THE TIMID CANON

I
THE LIFE OF COPERNICUS

1.
The
Mystifier
.
2.
Uncle
Laws
.
3.
The
Student
.
4.
Brother
Andreas
.
5.
The
Secretary
.
6.
The
Canon
.
7.
The
Commentariolus.
8.
Rumour
and
Report
.
9.
The
Arrival
of
Rheticus
.
10.
Narratio
Prima
.
11.
Preparations
for
the
Printing
.
12.
The
Scandal
of
the
Preface
.
13.
The
Betrayal
of
Rheticus
.
14.
Bishop
Dantiscus
.
15.
Death
of
Copernicus
.
16.
Death
of
Rheticus
.

II
THE SYSTEM OF COPERNICUS

1.
The
Book
That
Nobody
Read
.
2.
The
Arguments
for
the
Earth's
Motion
.
3.
The
Last
of
the
Aristotelians
.
4.
Genesis
of
the
System
.
5.
The
First
Repercussions
.
6.
The
Delayed
Effect
.

Chronological
Table to Part Three

PART
FOUR THE WATERSHED

I
THE YOUNG KEPLER

1.
Decline
of
a
Family
.
2
Job
.
3.
Orphic
Purge
.
4.
Appointment
.
5.
Astrology
.

II
THE "COSMIC MYSTERY"

1.
The
Perfect
Solids
.
2.
Contents
of
the
Mysterium
.
3.
Back
to
Pythagoras
.

III
GROWING PAINS

1.
The
Cosmic
Cup
.
2.
Marriage
.
3.
Limbering
Up
.
4.
Waiting
for
Tycho
.

IV
TYCHO DE BRAHE

1.
The
Quest
for
Precision
.
2.
The
New
Star
.
3.
Uraniburg
.
4.
Exile
.
5.
Prelude
to
the
Meeting
.

V
TYCHO AND KEPLER

1.
The
Gravity
of
Fate
.
2.
The
Inheritor
.

VI
THE GIVING OF THE LAWS

1.
Astronomia
Nova
.
2.
Opening
Gambits
.
3.
The
First
Assault
.
4.
The
Eight
Minutes
Arc
.
5.
The
Wrong
Law
.
6.
The
Second
Law
.
7.
The
First
Law
.
8.
Some
Conclusions
.
9.
The
Pitfalls
of
Gravity
.
10.
Matter
and
Mind

VII
KEPLER DEPRESSED

I.
Publishing
Difficulties
.
2.
Reception
of
Astronomia
Nova
.
3.
Anticlimax
.
4.
The
Great
News
.

VIII
KEPLER AND GALILEO

1.
A
Digression
on
Mythography
.
2.
Youth
of
Galileo
.
3.
The
Church
and
the
Copernican
System
.
4.
Early
Quarrels
.
5.
The
Impact
of
the
Telescope
.
6.
The
Battle
of
the
Satellites
.
7.
The
Shield
Bearer
.
8.
The
Parting
of
the
Orbits
.

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