The Secrets of Station X (36 page)

Page
96
Lyddekker memories: Smith,
Station X
, p.53.

Page
97
Cooper on German ladies: TNA PRO HW 3/83, Cooper, Air Section GC&CS and the Approach to War 1935–39, p.29.

Pages
98
–8 Davies memories: Smith, Station X, pp.53–4 and Gwen Watkins, Cracking the Luftwaffe Codes:
The Secrets of Bletchley Park,
Greenhill Books, London, 2006, p.54.

Page
99
Wenham: interview with Susan Wenham, May 1998.

Page
100
Information on ‘Y stations’: TNA PRO HW 3/92, History of UK Military Sigint; TNA PRO HW 3/83, Cooper, Air Section GC&CS and the Approach to War 1935–39, p.28.

Pages
101
–
102
Joan Nicholls: Smith,
Station
X
, pp.37–8.

Page
103
For detailed papers on DF, RFP and TINA see TNA PRO HW 18/89; HW 14/12, Saunders to Travis, Possibilities of RFP, 28 February 1941.

Pages
104
–
105
Joan Nicholls: Smith,
Station
X
, pp.37–8, 112–4.

Page
106
Cooper on Blandy refusal: TNA PRO HW 3/83, Cooper, Air Section GC&CS and the Approach to War 1935–39, p.27.

Page
107
Cheadle agrees to put 20 sets on Enigma: TNA PRO HW 14/4, Interception of Enigma Traffic, 20 March 1940.

Page
108
Bletchley Park Control: Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, pp.73–74.

Pages
109
–3 Joan Nicholls: Smith,
Station X
, p.49.

Page
110
Blisters: Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, p.91; Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, p.69.

Page
111
Twinn on codebreaking: interview with Peter Twinn, May 1998.

Pages
112
–6 Lever on codebreaking: interview with Mavis Batey, May 1998.

Page
113
Twinn on codebreaking: interview with Peter Twinn, May 1998.

Page
114
Russell Clarke on machine room: interview with Diana Barraclough, May 1998.

Page
115
Hut 3 reporting: TNA PRO HW 3/95, de Grey, History of Air Sigint, p.30.

Page
116
Number of officers in the know: TNA PRO HW 14/4, CX/FJ signal to Head of GC&CS dated 8 April 1940.

Page
117
Hut 3 reporting to MI6 Sections II and IV: TNA PRO HW 14/4, Minute Sheet on CX/FJ Information, dated 14 April 1940.

Page
118
Hut 3 beginning only ‘small beer’: TNA PRO HW 3/119, F. L. Lucas, History of Hut 3.

Page
119
Lucas quotes: TNA PRO HW 3/119, Lucas, History of Hut 3, pp.27–8.

Page
120
De Grey on invasion of Denmark and Norway and effect on Bletchley: TNA PRO HW 3/95, de Grey, History of Air Sigint, pp.102–104.

Page
121
Hut 3 shifts double in size: TNA PRO HW 3/119, Lucas, History of Hut 3, p.28.

Pages
122
–2 Jones on Gilbert Frankau: R. V. Jones,
Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939–45
, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1978, p.79.

Pages
123
–3 Hut 3 early days: TNA PRO HW 3/119, Lucas, History of Hut 3, pp.24–5.

Page
124
Use of MI6 secure link to send Enigma decrypts to Norway: Michael Smith,
Foley: The Spy Who Saved 10,000 Jews,
Politicos, London, 2004, pp.161–9; TNA PRO WO 106/1904, ‘Sickle’ Force: General Paget’s report on operations; WO 106/1912, Scandinavia Operations; general; HW 5/1, Operations mainly in Norway and Northern Europe.

Pages
125
–5 Battle of France and changes to indicating system: TNA PRO HW 3/95, de Grey, History of Air Sigint, p.105; HW 43/70, History of Hut 6, p.4.

Pages
126
–7 Herivel: interview with John Herivel, May 1998.

Pages
127
–8 Milner-Barry: TNA PRO HW 43/70, History of Hut 6, pp.3–5.

Page
128
Calvocoressi: Smith,
Station X
, p.63.

Page
129
Birch on value of intelligence and use of Ultra, plus MI6 link to GHQ France: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, pp.113–5; HW 3/119, Lucas, History of Hut 3, p.221; HW 3/95, de Grey, History of Air Sigint, p.108.

Pages
130
–
131
Information on SCUs and SLUSs: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.118; Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, p.23; Geoffrey Pidgeon,
The Secret Wireless War
, USPO, London, 2003, passim; Frederick Winterbotham,
The Ultra Secret
, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1974.

Page
132
Increase in size and attachment of MI6 officers: TNA PRO HW 14/14, Hut 3, 4 April 1941.

Pages
133
–2 Ralph Bennett comments: Smith,
Station X
, p.58.

Pages
134
–3 Process in Hut 3 and Lucas on Sorter’s role: TNA PRO HW 3/119, Lucas, History of Hut 3, p.32.

Page
135
Millward: Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, pp.20–23.

Page
136
Jim Rose comments: interview with Jim Rose, May 1998.

Page
137
De Grey section, initially known as ‘Distribution and Research’: TNA PRO HW 14/10, de Grey, Report on Work of Hut 3a, 8 January 1941; HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.198.

Page
138
Senyard on French officers: TNA PRO HW 3/135, History of Miss Senyard’s Party, p.21.

Page
139
Lever: interview with Mavis Batey, May 1998.

Page
140
French re-location: Budiansky,
Battle of Wits
, p.146; Smith,
Station X
, p.65.

Pages
141
–6 Bombes: TNA PRO HW 3/164, Squadron-Leader Jones’ Section; Gordon Welchman,
The Hut Six Story
(revised ed.), M. & M. Baldwin, Cleobury Mortimer, 1997; Smith,
Station X
, pp.72–3.

Pages
142
–7 De Grey on Sea Lion: TNA PRO HW 3/95, de Grey, History of Air Sigint, pp.129–30.

Page
143
Kennedy:
The Diaries of Captain Malcolm Duncan Kennedy, 1917–1946,
Kennedy Collection, Sheffield University Library, entry for 15 May 1940.

Pages
144
–8 Twinn on Turing: interview with Peter Twinn, May 1998.

Page
145
Ann Harding on Turing and Twinn: Imperial War Museum interview with Ann Harding, ref 05/67/1.

Page
146
Currer-Briggs: interview with Noel Currer-Briggs, May 1998.

Pages
147
–9 Senyard on threat of invasion: TNA PRO HW 3/135, History of Miss Senyard’s Party, pp.20–21.

Pages
148
–
149
Column BQ emergency mobile unit: TNA PRO HW 14/10, Head of GC&CS [Denniston] to The Director [Menzies] 8 January 1941; HW 14/12, Denniston, BQ Party, 22 February 1941; Smith, Station X, p.71.

Pages
150
–
151
Bonsall quotes: A. W. Bonsall,
An Uphill Struggle: The Provision of Tactical Sigint Support to the Allied Air Forces in Europe in WWII
, Bletchley Park Trust, Bletchley, 2011 (the author is grateful to Bill Bonsall for making the text of this invaluable paper available ahead of publication).

Page
152
Bonsall recruitment: email from Bill Bonsall, 20 September 2010.

Page
153
Cooper creates Computor Clerks: TNA PRO HW 3/83, Cooper, Air Section GC&CS and the Approach to War 1935–39, p.29; HW 14/11, Cooper to Boyle, 25 January 1941, Folio 8a.

Page
154
Bonsall quotes: Bonsall, An Uphill Struggle.

Pages
155
–3 Home Defence Units: TNA PRO HW 3/119, Lucas, History of Hut 3, pp.124–6.

Page
156
Birch on Air Section: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.169.

Pages
157
–4 Lavell comments: interview with Ann Cunningham, May 1998.

Page
158
Jones on Cooper: Jones,
Most Secret War
, pp.61–2.

Page
159
Davies on Cooper: Smith,
Station X
, p.69

Pages
160
–6 Milner-Barry and breaking of the Brown: TNA PRO HW 43/70, History of Hut 6, pp.5,75,199.

Pages
161
–7 Jones on implications of the breaking of the Brown Enigma: Jones,
Most Secret War
, pp.85–95, 135–9.

Pages
162
–8 Intelligence on Coventry raid: F. H. Hinsley et al.,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, Vol. 1, HMSO, London, 1979, pp.528–48.

Page
163
‘Vital intelligence’ and concerns over security of Enigma: TNA PRO HW 14/10, Saunders to Vivian, Security of Source CX/JQ, 20 January 1941.

Page
164
Memories of Keith Batey kindly supplied by Mavis Batey. His memory matches that of R. V. Jones as stated in Jones,
Most Secret War
, p.149.

Pages
165
–9 Kennedy on bombing of Bletchley Park:
Kennedy Diaries
, 21 November 1940.

Page
166
Air Section intelligence reports allowed (from June 1942): Bonsall,
An Uphill Struggle
; John Stubbington,
Kept in the Dark
, Pen & Sword, Barnsley, 2010, pp.41–2, 179.

Page
167
Alexander and Birch on Naval Enigma difficulties TNA PRO HW 25/1, C. H. O’D. Alexander, Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma, pp.19–20; HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.93.

Pages
168
–
169
Alexander on Turing: TNA PRO HW 25/1, Alexander, Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma, p.20.

Page
170
Hinsley recruitment: Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, p.77; email to author from Bill Bonsall.

Pages
171
–2 Senyard: TNA PRO HW 3/135, The History of Miss Senyard’s Party, pp.10–11.

Page
172
Hinsley on links to OIC: Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, pp.77–8.

Pages
173
–4 Hinsley on Glorious: Hinsley,
British Intelligence
, Vol. 1, pp.141–3; Smith, Station X, pp.78–9; Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, p.78.

Page
174
Morgan: TNA PRO ADM 223/297.

Page
175
Birch: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.164.

Page
176
Green: TNA PRO HW 3/146, E. Green, Genesis, p.4.

Page
177
Birch on types of Naval Enigma: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History of Sigint, p.93.

Page
178
Senyard: TNA PRO HW 3/135, The History of Miss Senyard’s Party, p.19.

Pages
179
–7 German patrol boat looted: TNA PRO HW 43/1, Birch, History
of Sigint, p.93; HW 25/1, Alexander, Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma, pp.24–25.

Page
180
Wolf Packs: I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot (eds),
The Oxford Companion to the Second World War
, OUP, Oxford, 1995, pp.62–9.

Page
181
Clarke on recruitment into Hut 8: Hinsley & Stripp,
Codebreakers
, pp.113–4.

143 Pages
182
–9 Noskwith on Kendrick: Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, p.194.

Page
183
Birch on Turing and Twinn: TNA PRO HW 25/2, A. P. Mahon, History of Hut 8, p.23.

Page
184
Knox on Turing: TNA PRO HW 14/1, ADK to Denniston (undated), Folio 16.

Pages
185
–
186
Twinn on Turing: interview with Peter Twinn, May 1998, and Smith,
Station X
, pp.83–4.

Pages
187
–
188
Details of Ruthless: TNA PRO ADM 223/464, Operation Ruthless; HW 25/2, Mahon, History of Hut 8, p.25; Hugh
Sebag-Montefiore
,
Enigma: The Battle for the Code
, Phoenix, London, 2002, pp.113–5.

Page
189
Birch ‘fair does’: TNA PRO HW 25/2, Mahon, History of Hut 8, p.29.

Page
190
Effect of Lofoten pinch: Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, p.169.

Page
191
Tandy: Smith,
Station X
, p.87.

Page
192
Noskwith on ‘gardening’: Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, pp.190–91; Smith, Station X, p.87.

Page
193
24-hour working and Scarborough teleprinting to Hut 8: TNA PRO HW 25/2, Mahon, History of Hut 8, p.27.

Pages
194
–
195
Successes in June to September: TNA PRO HW 25/1, Alexander, Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma, p.30; Erskine & Smith (eds),
Bletchley Park Codebreakers
, pp.169–70.

Page
196
Yoxall break into Offizier: TNA PRO HW 25/1, Alexander, Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma, p.33.

Pages
197
–
198
Time taken for Bombes to find wheel orders: ibid, p.12.

Page
199
Noskwith on Banburismus: interview with Rolf Noskwith, May 1998.