The Scarlet Sisters (51 page)

Johnson, Gerald W.
The Lunatic Fringe
. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1957.

Johnston, Johanna.
Mrs. Satan: The Incredible Saga of Victoria Woodhull
. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1967; London: Macmillan, 1967.

Josephson, Matthew.
The Robber Barons: The Great American Capitalists, 1861–1901
. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1934.

Kaplan, Justin.
When the Astors Owned New York: Blue Bloods and Grand Hotels in a Gilded Age
. New York: Viking, 2006.

Keller, Allan.
Scandalous Lady: The Life and Times of Madame Restell, New York’s Most Notorious Abortionist
. 1st ed. New York: Atheneum, 1981.

Kerr, Andrea Moore.
Lucy Stone: Speaking Out for Equality
. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992; paperback, 1995.

Kerr, Howard.
Mediums, Spirit-Rappers, and Roaring Radicals: Spiritualism in American Literature, 1850–1900
. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972.

Kessler-Harris, Alice.
Out to Work: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Klein, Maury.
The Genesis of Industrial America, 1870–1920
. 1st ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

^______
.
The Life and Legend of Jay Gould
. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

Krull, Kathleen, and Jane Dyer.
A Woman for President: The Story of Victoria Woodhull
. New York: Walker and Co., 2004.

Leach, William.
True Love and Perfect Union: The Feminist Reform of Sex and Society
. New York: Basic Books, 1980.

Leonard, Todd Jay.
Talking to the Other Side: A History of Modern Spiritualism and Mediumship.
Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, 2005.

Lewis, R. W. B.
Edith Wharton: A Biography
. New York: Harper and Row, 1975.

Lubetkin, John M.
Jay Cooke’s Gamble: The Northern Pacific Railroad, the Sioux, and the Panic of 1873
. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006.

Lutz, Alma.
Created Equal: A Biography of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1815–1902
. New York: John Day, 1940.

MacPherson, Myra.
All Governments Lie!: The Life and Times of Rebel Journalist I. F. Stone
. New York: Scribner, 2006.

^______
. The Power Lovers: An Intimate Look at Politicians and Their Marriages
. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975.

Maines, Rachel P.
The Technology of Orgasm: “Hysteria,” the Vibrator, and Women’s Sexual Satisfaction
. Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology new ser., no. 24. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

Marberry, M. M.
Vicky: A Biography of Victoria C. Woodhull
. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1967.

Marcuse, Maxwell F.
This Was New York: A Nostalgic Picture of Gotham in the Gaslight Era
. New York: LIM Press, 1969.

Marshall, Charles F.
The True History of the Brooklyn Scandal
. Philadelphia, PA, and Chicago, IL: National Pub. Co., 1874.

Martin, John Biddulph.
The Grasshopper in Lombard Street
. London: Simpkin Marshall Hamilton Kent and Co.; New York: Scribner and Welford, 1892.

McFeely, William.
Ulysses S. Grant: A Biography
. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1982.

Meade, Marion.
Free Woman: The Life and Times of Victoria Woodhull
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976.

Messer-Kruse, Timothy.
The Yankee International: Marxism and the American Reform Tradition, 1848–1876
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=41504.

Morris, Charles R.
The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy
. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2005.

Morris, Lloyd R.
Incredible New York: High Life and Low Life of the Last Hundred Years
. New York: Random House, 1951.

Murphy, Cait N.
Scoundrels in Law: The Trials of Howe and Hummel, Lawyers to the Gangsters, Cops, Starlets, and Rakes Who Made the Gilded Age
. 1st ed. New York: Smithsonian Books/HarperCollins, 2010.

O’Brien, Patricia.
Harriet and Isabella: A Novel
. New York: Touchstone, 2009.

O’Neill, William L.
Everyone Was Brave: The Rise and Fall of Feminism in America
. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1969.

Powers, Ron.
Mark Twain: A Life
. New York: Free Press, 2005.

Ratnikas, Algis.
Timelines of History
, vol. 8: 1850–1870. Edited by Algis Ratnikas. 2nd ed. Self-published, 2012.

Renehan Jr., Edward J.
Commodore: The Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt
. New York: Basic Books, 2007.

Rhodes, James Ford.
The History of the United States from the Compromise of 1830
, vol. 7. New York: Macmillan, 1920.

Robinson, Jane.
Women Out of Bounds
. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2003.

Rose, Phyllis.
Parallel Lives: Five Victorian Marriages
. London: Chatto and Windus, 1984.

Ross, Ishbel.
Crusades and Crinolines: The Life and Times of Ellen Curtis Demorest and William Jennings Demorest
. New York: Harper and Row, 1963.

Rutherfurd, Edward.
New York: The Novel
. Reprint. New York: Ballantine Books, 2010.

Ryder, Vera.
Little Victims at Play. Reminiscences of Doughty House by Great-Grandaughter of Sir Francis Cook, Tennessee Claflin’s Husband
. London: Robert Hale Ltd., 1974.

Sachs, Emanie N.
“The Terrible Siren”: Victoria Woodhull, 1838–1927
. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1928.

Sante, Luc.
Low Life: Lures and Snares of Old New York
. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1991.

Scott, Joan Wallach, and American Council of Learned Societies.
Gender and the Politics of History
. Rev. ed.
Gender and Culture
. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

Sears, Hal D.
The Sex Radicals: Free Love in High Victorian America
. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1977.

Shaplen, Robert.
Free Love and Heavenly Sinners: The Story of the Great Henry Ward Beecher Scandal
. London: Andre Deutsch, 1956.

Sherr, Lynn.
Failure Is Impossible: Susan B. Anthony in Her Own Words
. 1st paperback ed. New York: Times Books, 1996.

Sherwin, Richard K.
When Law Goes Pop: The Vanishing Line between Law and Popular Culture
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Smith, Arthur D.
Commodore Vanderbilt: An Epic of American Achievement
. New York: Robert M. McBride and Co., 1927.

Stansell, Christine, and American Council of Learned Societies.
City of Women: Sex and Class in New York, 1789–1860
. 1st ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Johnson Sage, and Ida Husted Harper.
History of Woman Suffrage, 1861–1876
, vol. 2, part 2. 1881; repr. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2013.

Stern, Madeleine B., and Paul Avrich Collection (Library of Congress).
The Pantarch: A Biography of Stephen Pearl Andrews
. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968.

Stiles, T. J.
The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009.

Stinchcombe, Owen.
American Lady of the Manor Bredon’s Norton: The Later Life of Victoria Woodhull Martin, 1901–1927
. Self-published, 2000.

Stoehr, Taylor, and Paul Avrich Collection (Library of Congress).
Free Love in America: a Documentary History
. New York: AMS Press, 1979.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher.
My Wife and I, or, Harry Henderson’s History
. New York: J. B. Ford and Co., 1872.

^______
.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
. New York: Wordsworth Editions Ltd., 1999.

Streitmatter, Rodger.
Voices of Revolution: The Dissident Press in America
. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.

Swanberg, W. A.
Jim Fisk: The Career of an Improbable Rascal
. New York: Scribner’s, 1959.

Tilton vs. Beecher: Action for Criminal Conversation. Verbatim Report by the Official Stenographer
. 3 vols. New York: McDivitt, Campbell and Co., 1875.

Titone, Nora.
My Thoughts Be Bloody: The Bitter Rivalry between Edwin and John Wilkes Booth That Led to an American Tragedy
. New York: Free Press, 2010.

Tone, Andrea.
Devices and Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America
. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.

Underhill, Lois Beachy.
The Woman Who Ran for President
. Bridgehampton, NY: Bridge Works Publishers, 1995.

Vidal, Gore.
1876: A Novel
. New York: Random House, 1976.

Wallace, Irving.
The Nympho and Other Maniacs
. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971.

Wharton, Edith.
The Age of Innocence
. New York; Toronto: Collier Books; Maxwell Macmillan Canada; Maxwell Macmillan International, 1992.

Wheeler, Marjorie Spruill, ed.
One Woman, One Vote: Rediscovering the Women’s Suffrage Movement
. Troutdale, OR: NewSage Press, 1995.

Woodhull, Victoria C.
Lady Eugenist: Feminist Eugenics in the Speeches and Writings of Victoria Woodhull
. Inkling Books, 2005.

^______
.
The Origin, Tendencies and Principles of Government: Or, A Review of the Rise and Fall of Nations from Early Historic Times to the Present; with Special Considerations Regarding the Future of the United States as the Representative Government of the World and the Form of Administration Which Will Secure This Consummation
. New York, Woodhull & Claflin’s Weekly Co., 1871.

^______
.
The Victoria Woodhull Reader
. M&S Press, 1974.

Woodhull, Victoria Claflin (Mrs. John Biddulph Martin).
A Fragmentary Record of Public Work Done in America, 1871–1877
. London: G. Norman and Son, 1887.

Woodhull, Victoria Claflin (Mrs. John Biddulph Martin), and Tennessee C. Claflin (Lady Cook).
The Human Body, the Temple of God; or The Philosophy of Sociology
. Self-published. London, 1890.

Acknowledgments

Obviously I could have not accomplished anything without the mountain of Victorian history—books, periodicals, newspapers, letters, and archived papers—that I devoured in order to write about the seven incredible decades of the Scarlet Sisters and the major characters who figured in their lives. Yet a great deal of thanks goes to those very alive people who personally contributed to making this book possible. I’m deeply indebted to my major research assistant, Terumi Rafferty-Osaki, who was invaluable, endlessly culling newspapers and periodicals at the Library of Congress before many were digitized, including the massive collection of bound volumes of
Woodhull & Claflin’s Weekly
. Later, when I read an 1872
New York Times
article on my phone, sent by Terumi on his phone, it seemed like pure magic to someone who remembers torturous hours copying material while writing previous books. Lauren Santangelo researched material at the New York Public Library, and Amy Langford tracked down permissions for photos and drawings. Karen Mylan not only found ancient and valuable letters but was a whiz at helping me translate the sometimes murky handwriting of Tennessee and Victoria contained in the Victoria Claflin Woodhull Martin Papers in the Southern Illinois University Special Collections. I am also indebted to the staff at the Boston Public Library who generously helped me research the Victoria Woodhull Martin Papers in the library’s rare books division.
In London, the staff at the British Museum provided me with a desk and a large leather-bound volume, unaware of the thrill I felt reading the precise penmanship of someone who 120 years ago copied the testimony of Victoria when she and husband John Martin sued the Trustees of the British Museum.

To flesh out Tennessee as Lady Cook, only briefly touched on in biographies of Woodhull, I found a large volume of unpublished and revealing letters in the SIU and the Boston Public Library collections. Many newspapers of the period were consumed with covering Lady Cook well into her final years, producing a treasure trove not featured in books about Victoria. I am incredibly grateful for the gracious help from Gerald Luckhurst, historian, landscape architect of the magnificent Monserrate gardens, and consultant to Parques de Sintra at Monserrate. He located articles and material on Sir Francis and Lady Cook and gave me a personal upstairs-downstairs tour of the palace and gardens, shortly after Prince Charles and Camilla had been there to christen a new rose garden. Unfortunately the magnificence of the interior, garden, and grounds was relegated to mere paragraphs in order to keep the story of the sisters moving. I recommend further photographs and websites on Monserrate and Gerald’s monumental book when it is completed.

Sir Francis and Lady Cook’s Doughty House has been long neglected, but Andre Metaxides, the owner who was restoring it in 2011, was so knowledgeable and helpful when I visited that he captured a vision of it for me as it once was.

Debby and David Booth, the delightful owners of Norton Park since 2003, showed me around Victoria’s lovely final home. Perhaps I am the only visitor to have been gored by a very dead antler there. As I stared at the high-ceilinged main hall and the ancient antler heads that hung there in Victoria’s time, I walked into one on the floor that was being remounted. The sharp prick made me wonder, was Victoria, the Spiritualist, sending a message to do right by her? Debby also took me to Tewkesbury Abbey, to see the plaque commemorating Woodhull, placed there by
daughter Zula Maud. I also appreciate the help of Robin Holland-Martin, the grandson of Robert Holland-Martin, Woodhull’s nephew, for giving me more background to Victoria’s life in England and guiding me to the Booths.