The Rocks Don't Lie: A Geologist Investigates Noah's Flood (40 page)

of Nineveh, 145–46, 148

of Ur, 150–52

Aristotle, 35, 106, 110

Arno River, 58

Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria, 145–46, 148–49

Assyrians, ancient, 144, 145–50

asteroid bombardment, 245

Astruc, Jean, 163–64

atheism, 10, 109, 249, 254–55

Atlantic Ocean,
241,
243, 245

ancient closing and reopening of, 95–96

Atlantis, myth of, 217–18

Atlantis II,
220

Atrahasis, 149, 154–56

Augustine, Saint, 37–38, 40, 48, 131, 140, 173, 251

Babylonian exile, 156–57, 165, 166, 168, 170–71

Babylonians, 98, 143–50,
144,
153, 154–59, 168, 170–72

backwater floods, 204, 208–9, 210–11, 213

Baghdad, 153, 169

Bakewell, Robert, 123, 129–30

Baptists, 182, 197, 226

basalt, 131, 132, 202–3, 204, 206, 207, 239

Beginnings of History, The
(Lenormant), 171–72

Beowulf, 175

Berossus, 157–58

Bible Defended Against the British Association, The
(Cockburn), 138

biblical chronologies, 96–98, 109, 122–23, 130, 237–38

“Biblical Evidence for a Recent Creation and Universal Deluge, The” (Morris), 226

biblical inerrancy, doctrine of, 183–85, 188, 228, 237

biblical interpretations, xii, xiii, 12–14, 120, 133, 161–64, 182–85

figurative vs. literal, 35–43, 47–51, 57, 63, 65, 76, 91, 96–98, 106, 114, 126–27, 129, 163, 183, 184–85, 226, 227, 237–38, 250

by individuals, 162–63, 183, 250

biblical scholarship, 161–68, 169, 184

biblical translations in, 39, 161–63, 166–67, 252

Genesis in, 160, 163–68

Big Bone Lick site, 86, 88

biogeography, 240

bitumen, 235

Black, Joseph, 104–5

Black Sea, 11, 135, 219–23,
219,
248, 253

Böklen, Ernst, 168

Bosporus, 219–20, 221

boulders, stray, 28, 106, 115, 117, 119, 121, 124, 125, 140, 202–3, 204

Branch, Glenn, 260
n

Bretz, J Harlen, 203–11

critics of, 204, 207–9, 210

fieldwork of, 203–6, 209, 210

Penrose Medal awarded to, 210

scablands topography studied by, 204–7

scientific presentations of, 205, 206–7

Bridgewater treatises, 128–29, 136–37

Bright Angel Shale, 22–23, 27

Bright Angel Trail, 29

British Association for the Advancement of Science, 138, 140

British Museum, 143–50

Bryan, William Jennings, 190–91

Buckland, William, 120–31, 135, 136–39, 140

as Anglican minister, 120–21, 123, 125, 129

Bridgewater treatise of, 128–29, 136–37

critics of, 126–27, 137

diluvialism of, 120–28

fieldwork of, 121, 123–25, 136

Buddhism, 5–7

koras (pilgrimage treks) of, 5

Buffon, Baron Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de, 98–101, 106

cometary Creation theory of, 99, 101

geological epochs posited by, 100

Bureau of Reclamation, U.S., 209

Burma, 153

Burnet, Thomas, 65–69, 72, 73, 75–76, 79, 102, 108, 137

burrows, fossil, 22–23, 25, 41, 243

orientation of, 231

calcium carbonate (CaCO
₃
), 23, 27, 103

calcium sulfate (gypsum), 196–97

Caledonian mountains, 95–96

Calvin, John, 43–45, 46, 163

Cambrian Period, 22

Cane Ridge Revival of 1801, 182

Cappel, Louis, 161–62

carbon-14 (
¹⁴
C), 5, 192–93,
192,
230–31, 259
n

see also
radiocarbon dating

Carnegie Museum, 185

carnivores, 111, 180

Cascade Range, 202, 204

Cascadia subduction zone, 216

catastrophism, 74, 114, 115–41, 210, 250

mass extinctions and, 90–91, 141

new, of Price, 187–89

uniformitarianism vs., 108–9, 117, 119–20, 128–29, 130, 133–35, 136, 140–41, 178, 198–99, 203, 210, 211, 226, 235, 237

see also
floods, catastrophic

Catesby, Mark, 85–86

Catskill Formation, 96

caves, 55, 61–62, 67, 113

European, fossil assemblages in, 124–25, 127

Celsus, 36, 37

channeled scablands, 201–13

Lake Missoula as source of, 207–11,
208

landforms similar to, 211–12

topography of, 204–7

Charles I, King of England, 97

Chicago, University of, 192–93, 194, 204

China, 84, 97, 190

flood stories of, 172, 173–74, 248

Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians, 214

Christianity, xii, xiii, 9–14, 29, 31, 34, 35–51, 96–98, 123, 140, 141, 150, 182, 220, 223, 227, 235–36, 251, 254–55

mainstream, 197–98, 248

missionaries of, 168, 169–70, 172–73, 175, 212, 216–17

see also
Protestants; Roman Catholic Church

Christian Philosopher, The
(Mather), 85

Christian View of Science and Scripture, The
(Ramm), 197–98

Christie, Agatha, 152

Christina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess, 47

Chronicles, First Book of, 264
n

Chronologia
(Julius Africanus), 97

Church of England (Anglican Church), 68, 120–21, 123, 125, 129

Church of Scotland, 167

cinder cones, 131, 132, 135, 136

Civil War, American, 183

Clallam Indians, 216–17

Clark, Robert, 220

clay, 24–25, 101

Clement of Alexandria, 37

Clement VII, Pope, 45

Clovis Culture, 213

coal, 186, 189

Cockburn, William, 137–39, 140

Coconino Sandstone, 25, 26, 27

Colenso, Bishop John William, 169–70

Colorado Plateau, 29

Colorado River, 16, 20, 23, 28

Columbia River, 202, 204, 205–9,
208,
212

Columbia University, 194, 218

comets, 73–75, 76, 113

as Earth’s progenitor, 99, 101

communism, 236–37

conformable layers, 21

conglomerate rock, 124, 249

Constitution, U.S., 252

continental drift, 239–44,
244

see also
plate tectonics

Copernicus, Nicolaus, 45–49

coprolites, 212–13

coral reefs, fossil, 189, 234–35

cores,
see
drill cores

cosmic rays, 230–31

coulees, 202–3, 205

Council of Trent, 48, 162–63

Creation, 12, 13, 50, 53, 60–61, 64–69, 74, 81, 106, 114, 121, 122–23, 128, 130, 133, 135, 137, 164–65, 177

Babylonian version of, 146, 148, 150, 159

Buffon’s cometary theory of, 99, 101

contradictory stories of, 165

dating of, 96–98, 99, 100, 190

day-age theory of, 123, 184, 186, 188, 236, 250

Earth as perfect sphere at, 39–40, 65–69, 75–76

as epic poetry, 251

fossils as placed at, 140, 231

gap theory of, 123, 184, 186, 188, 191, 236, 250

mountains as forming after, 39–40, 65–69

repeated stories of, 164

second round of, 68, 69, 102, 111

White’s visions of, 186

Creation and the Flood
(Young), 237–38

creationism, xii–xiii, 11–14, 34, 76, 91, 137–38, 140, 178, 179–99, 225–39

Black Sea flood hypothesis rejected by, 11, 223

communism opposed by, 236–37

dinosaurs in, 179, 180, 181, 189

evolution opposed by, 179–80, 182, 185, 186–87, 189–91, 194, 226, 227, 235, 236–37

geology as viewed by, 180–82, 185;
see also
flood geology

Grand Canyon as viewed by, 15–16, 22, 24–25, 26–28

miracles invoked by, 187, 228, 238, 249, 253–54, 256

origins of, 181–88

public opinion polls on, 259
n

science vs., 12, 179–81, 194–97, 237–39, 245

self-imposed separatism of, 236

young Earth, xii, 11, 190–97, 225–37, 249, 250

see also
flood geology; fundamentalism

Creation Museum, 179–81, 245

Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, 91

Critical History of the Old Testament
(Simon), 163

Critica Sacra
(
Sacred Criticism
) (Cappel), 161–62

Croft, Herbert, 69