The Remarkable Rise of Eliza Jumel (57 page)

10
. J[ames] S[ilk] Buckingham,
America, historical, statistic, and descriptive
(London: Fisher, Son, & Co., [1841]), 2:435.

11
. Buckingham,
America
, 2:431; Stuart,
Three years in North America
(see chap. 24, n. 5), 1:131.

12
. Thomas Chamberlain diary, entry for August 5, 1842; also see entry for July 24; Horne,
Saratoga reader
, 128.

13
. Lathrop,
“A Southern girl,” 160; Buckingham,
America
, 2:430–31.

14
. Buckingham,
America
, 430; Horne,
Saratoga reader
, 166.

15
. Horne,
Saratoga reader
, 95.

16
. “A scene at Saratoga,”
Alexandria Gazette
, September 8, 1846, [2] (for all of the quotations in this paragraph).

17
. Ibid.; “Disgraceful affair at Saratoga,”
New-Bedford
(Massachusetts)
Mercury
, September 4, 1846, [2] (reprinting an article published in the
Springfield Gazette
); “Daniel D. Benedict's diary,” [1], entry for August 26, 1846.

18
. “A scene at Saratoga,” [2]; “Daniel D. Benedict's diary,” [1], entry for August 26, 1846.

19
. “A scene at Saratoga,” [2].

20
. Ibid.

21
. Ibid.

22
. “Disgraceful affair at Saratoga,” [2]; “Daniel D. Benedict's diary,” [1], entry for August 26, 1846;
Albany Evening News
, August 29, 1846, [2].

23
. “Disgraceful affair at Saratoga,” [2].

24
. “A scene at Saratoga,” [2].

25
. “Daniel D. Benedict's diary,” [1], editorial note to the August 26, 1846, entry.

26
.
Albany Evening News
, August 29, 1846, [2]; Myra Beth Young Armstead, “The history of blacks in resort towns: Newport, Rhode Island and Saratoga Springs, New York 1870– 1930” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 1987), 41; Saratoga County Clerk, Deeds Book cc, 250–51.

27
. “A scene at Saratoga,” [2].

28
.
Bellows Falls Gazette
, September 18, 1846, [2].

29
. “A scene at Saratoga,” [2].

30
.
Bellows Falls Gazette
, September 18, 1846, [2].

31
. Nigel Cliff,
The Shakespeare riots: Revenge, drama, and death in nineteenth-century America
(New York: Random House, 2007), 208, 245–46.

32
. Cliff,
The Shakespeare riots
, 246.

33
. Daniel E. Sutherland,
Americans and their servants: Domestic service in the United States from 1800 to 1920
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981), 10; [Thomas Hamilton],
Men and manners in America
(Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1833, 1:106–107.

34
. Holly V. Ivard and Caroline Fuller Sloat, “A teenager goes visiting: The diaries of Louisa Jane Trumbull (1835, 1837),” in
Children and youth in a new nation
, ed. James Martin (New York: New York University Press, 2009), 222; John Hope Franklin,
A Southern odyssey: travelers in the antebellum North
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976), 131, 133.

35
. Sutherland,
Americans and their servants
, 15.

36
. “A scene at Saratoga,” [2].

37
. “Fancy ball at Saratoga,”
Daily Evening Transcript
(Boston), August 24, 1850, [2], quoting the
Saratoga Whig
.

38
. “The courts,”
New York Herald
, March 1, 1872, 11.

39
. In 1865 Eliza's family said that the comtesse Tascher de la Pagerie, whose husband was a cousin of the Empress Josephine, sold jewelry and furniture owned by Josephine to
the Jumels (Shelton, 155). However, it is highly unlikely that the comtesse would have possessed such items. Neither she nor her husband, Henri, was on intimate terms with Josephine by the time of the empress's death (unsurprising, since Henri had become a royalist; see chapter 14, p. 73), although earlier, at the time of their marriage, Josephine had purchased a thirty-thousand-franc diamond parure for the new comtesse (Macleod, “Eliza Bowen Jumel: Collecting and cultural politics,” 66 [see chap. 16, n. 39]). Possibly the comtesse sold the diamonds she had received from Josephine to the Jumels, and that is where the story that they had been worn by Josephine originated.

40
. NYPL, Jumel Family Miscellany, NYBG Fam 2008-2482, transcription by Josiah C. Pumpelly of a clipping from an unnamed newspaper.

41
. Ibid.

42
.
Massachusetts Plowman and New England Journal of Agriculture
, October 12, 1850, 4.

1
. B-779, box 113, deposition of Eliza J. Caryl.

2
.
Ancestry.com
,
U.S. Passport Applications, 1795–1925
(see chap. 6, n. 17).

3
. MJM 4.8, two slightly different English translations of a letter from Eliza Jumel to Charles Louis [
sic
] d'Orléans, prince de Joinville (the addressee's given names were actually François Ferdinand; he had a brother named Louis Charles).

4
. Ibid. A high-ranking naval officer, Joinville was staying in New York while his ship was refitted. See “Intelligence,”
Army and Navy Chronicle
12, no. 40 (October 7, 1841), 317;
Memoirs (Vieux Souvenirs) of the prince de Joinville
, trans. Lady Mary Loyd (New York: Macmillan and Co., 1895), 220.

5
.
The Collector
, no. 1 (November 1922): 5.

6
. “Sailing of steamers,”
New-York Tribune
, October 13, 1851, 6; “Passengers arrived,”
New York Daily Times
, June 14, 1852, 4, “The Jumel will case,”
The World
, November 13, 1866, 5 (letter from Eliza Burr to Nelson Chase, Nice, Italy, February 6, 1852).

7
. “The Jumel will case,” 5.

8
. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, Eliza J. Chase to Nelson Chase, May 21, 1852.

9
. Ibid.

10
. The original drawing is in the collection of the New-York Historical Society, acc. no. 1956.125.

11
. The print was listed in the July 17, 1852, issue of
Bibliographie de la France
, an indicator that two copies had been deposited at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, as required by law.

12
. She had an additional phrase added to the caption of a copy that would remain in the family, dubbing herself fantastically, “The heroine of New York” (MJM 80.467).

13
. “Arrival of the Asia,”
Weekly Herald
, April 24, 1852, 131; “Death of Prince Torlonia,”
Clarence and Richmond Advertiser
(Grafton, New South Wales, Australia), March 30, 1886, 4; NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, Eliza J. Chase to Nelson Chase, May 21, 1852.

14
. “The Jumel will case,” 5.

15
. Ibid.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Eliza
may have been referring to the explosion of the boiler of the steamer
L'Industrie
, which took place at Marseille on December 14, 1852. Two or three people were killed and ten or twelve seriously wounded (“Later from Europe,”
New York Times
, January 3, 1852, 1).

18
. “The Jumel will case,” 5.

19
. “The Jumel estate case,”
New York Herald
, January 28, 1873, 8; 1873 Transcript of Record, 294–95.

20
. “The Jumel estate case” (for the itinerary). Today the portrait is at the Morris-Jumel Mansion in New York City.

21
. “Aaron Burr's wife,”
Kenosha Democrat
, March 17, 1854, 2.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Greatorex, 181.

24
. “The Jumel estate case,”
New-York Tribune
, January 28, 1873, 2.

25
. 1876 Bill of Complaint, letter 15.

26
. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 5, Eliza Burr to Jean E. Pery, May 22, 1854.

27
. Ibid.

28
. Ibid.

29
. ADG, 3 E 45740.

30
. 1873 Transcript of Record, 297.

31
. Ibid.; NYHS-JP box 1, folder 5, Power of attorney from Eliza Burr to Levi K. Bowen; Archives Municipales de Bordeaux, 2 MI D 4/62, no. 373; “State news,”
Albany Argus
, January 31, 1873, [2].

32
. “State news”;
New York Post
, July 27, 1854 (marriage notice); “The Jumel estate case,”
New York Herald
, January 28, 1873, [8]. According to the
Albany Argus
(“State news”), they had a fourth marriage performed by the American consul at Bordeaux, but this seems to be an error. The consul was present for the signing of the marriage contract and the legal registration of the marriage, but did not perform the ceremony (ADG, 3 E 45740; Archives Municipales de Bordeaux, 2 MI D 4/62, no. 373).

33
. “State news.”

34
.
Ancestry.com
,
New York Passenger Lists, 1820–1957
[database online] (Provo, UT:
Ancestry.com
Operations, Inc., 2010).

35
.
Daily Union
(Washington, DC) July 25, 1854, 3. The story was probably published first in one of the New York evening papers the day before. It was picked up by several other newspapers as well. The June 25 dating given to the so-called “letter from Bordeaux” confirms that it was concocted later. The “letter” refers to provisions in the marriage contract, but the contract wasn't signed until July 5.

1
. They are listed as passengers on the
Atlantic
from Liverpool, arriving in New York on August 7, 1854. See
Ancestry.com
,
New York Passenger Lists, 1820–1857
(see chap. 33, n. 34).

2
. “The Jumel estate case,”
New York Herald
, January 25, 1873, 11.

3
. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 5, Eliza Burr to “Monsieur Pery père,” January 22, 1855.

4
. NYHS-JP,
box 1, folder 5, Eliza Burr to Paul Pery, January 21, 1855.

5
. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 5, Eliza Burr to Eliza Jumel Pery, January 21, 1855.

6
. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 5, Eliza Burr to Eliza and Paul Pery, February 7, 1855.

7
. Ibid.

8
. She was present at the mansion when the New York State census was taken on June 4, 1855.
Ancestry.com
,
New York, State Census, 1855
[database online] (Provo, UT:
Ancestry.com
Operations, Inc., 2013).

9
. NYHS-JP, box 2, folder I, Nelson Chase to Jean Edouard Pery, March 22, 1856.

10
. Ibid.

11
. ADG, 4 M 738/268.

12
. “A personal sketch of Madame Jumel, wife of Aaron Burr,”
Pioneer and Democrat
(Washington Territory), November 14, 1856, [1], reprinted from an 1855 article in the
Albany Express
.

13
. Ibid.

14
. NYHS-JP, box 2, folder D, agreement between John Hodgman and Eliza B. Jumel, August 30, 1851.

15
. NYHS-JP, box 3, folder D, agreement between Eliza Jumel and James H. Darrow & Co., September 1, 1853.

16
. “Madame Jumel's estate,”
New York Herald
, November 13, 1866, 4.

17
. Ibid.;
Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion
, June 18, 1853, 399.

18
. “Madame Jumel's estate.”

19
. “Madame Jumel's estate”;
Daily Saratogian
, August 31, 1857, in
Chronicles of Saratoga
, ed. Evelyn Barrett Britten (Saratoga Springs, 1959), 195.

20
. Ibid.

21
.
Saratogian
, October 1, 1857, [2].

22
. Parton, 661. The 1861 edition published by Mason Brothers bears the words “14th edition” on its title page.

23
. Parton, 661.

24
. Ibid., 660.

25
. Ibid., 665.

26
. Ibid., 664–65.

27
. Ibid., 665.

28
. NYHS-JP, box 3, folder E, letters between Samuel A. Pugh and Nelson Chase, dated from May 31, 1862, to May 7, 1863.

29
. NYHS-JP, box 3, folder A, agreement between Samuel A. Pugh and Nelson Chase, May 12, 1862.

30
. NYHS-JP, box 3, folder E, Samuel A. Pugh to Nelson Chase, June 8, 1862.

31
. There is such a document in NYHS-JP (box 1, folder 13), with the header “July 8, 1836,” but with the vice chancellor's signature dated September 14, 1836.

32
. Liber 368:387-88; Isenberg,
Fallen Founder
, 403 (see chap. 25, n. 21).

33
. Liber 368:381–82.

34
. E.g., N.Y. Ct. Ch., Eliza Jumel vs. Peter R. Wickoff and others, D. CH 91-J.

35
. NYHS-JP, box 3, folder E, Samuel A. Pugh to Nelson Chase, May 7, 1863.

1
.
Michigan Farmer
, October 22, 1859, 342, quoting the
Saratoga Sentinel
.

2
. Mathilde, born April 13, 1855, appears to be four or five years old. Her date of birth is given in the 1875 passport application for her in
Ancestry.com
,
U.S. Passport Applications 1795–1925
(see chap. 6, n. 17), although the event is wrongly stated to have occurred in New York. The large buttons on the central placket of Eliza Pery's bodice also suggest that the photograph was taken c. 1860, when that style was in fashion.