The Powerhouse: Inside the Invention of a Battery to Save the World (31 page)

and Thackeray, 40–41, 42, 43, 46, 287

and voltage fade, 159, 227–28

Johnson, Lady Bird, 179

Johnson Controls, 68, 131, 149, 150

Joshua, Matthus, 266, 273, 276

Jun Lu, 99

Kang Eun Kyung, 100–101

Kapadia, Atul, 91

and Envia/Kumar, 86, 106–7, 114–17, 166, 202–6, 255, 257–58, 261, 262–67, 274, 276–77, 279, 280–81

and venture capital, 85–86, 106–7, 112, 117

Khosla, Vinod, 190–91

Kumar, Sujeet, 83–87, 88–90, 91, 192–98

and Argonne, 83–85, 86, 152

and ARPA-E, 193–98, 201–6, 207, 230, 233, 277

and Chamberlain, 86–87, 88, 115–17, 203–4

and Energy Department, 105, 165–66, 190, 193, 231–32

and Envia, 86, 107–8, 111, 114, 116–17, 162–66, 206, 238–41, 239, 255–59, 260–67, 272–75, 276–81, 286

and GM, 110–14, 165, 205, 230–31, 256–59, 260–67, 276, 278–80, 286

and NanoeXA, 94–95, 267, 280–81

and NMC, 83, 84, 94, 95, 111, 128, 152, 155, 165, 169, 170–71, 193–96, 231, 261, 277, 286

and venture capital, 84–87, 106, 116, 126, 205–6

and voltage fade, 155, 157, 163–64, 168–69, 233–34, 238–39

lattice, 44

Lauckner, Jon, 109–14, 205, 231, 280, 286

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 132–33, 135–36, 165, 166, 260

Lawroski, Stephen, 13

LG Chemical, 9, 70–72, 110, 113–14, 156, 257, 261, 267, 285

Lindbergh, Erik, 286

Littlewood, Peter, 118–20, 122, 243–44, 286

Madia, Bill, 218–22, 223–24, 226, 253–54

Majumdar, Arun, 195, 199, 200–201, 203–5, 279

Manhattan Project, 10, 11, 129, 143

Mansfield, Mike, 23

Markovic, Nenad, 243

Mathias, Mark, 216, 231

Matsushita, 197

microchips, 75, 186

Microsoft model, 118

MIT, Lincoln Laboratory, 23

mobile phones, 122, 186

Moore’s law, 186

Morse, Edward, 180

Musk, Elon, 232–33

NanoeXa, 83–84, 94–95, 267, 280–81

Naperville, 13

natural gas, 60

Nelson, Paul, 16–17, 210–13

Newman, John, 132, 134–35

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), 37–38, 39

Nissan, 107, 115, 116, 158, 183, 202, 284

Leaf, 177, 179, 183, 186

Nitz, Larry, 266–67, 273

nuclear age, 10, 14, 20

Oak Ridge National Lab, 11, 14, 137, 228, 242–43, 260

Obama, Barack:

Argonne visit of, 268–71

one-million-car goal, 5, 60

Obama administration, 135, 280

and battery competition, 70–71, 84, 107–8, 130, 187, 252, 253

and economic stimulus, 131, 203

and electric cars, 60, 106, 125, 145, 177, 178, 187, 261

and LG Chemical, 70–71, 113

oil:

Arab embargo (1973), 21, 23, 28

demand for, 8, 60–61, 178

electricity as challenge to, 152

and energy security, 142–43, 284

prices of, 8, 35, 60, 178, 179, 180, 183, 189

public image of, 84, 146

shale gas and, 180, 190

Okada, Shigeto, 37–39

omnivorous engine, 188

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), 8, 23, 61, 183

Orbach, Ray, 242

Ovshinsky, Stan, 36

Oxford University, 24, 29–30, 32, 33, 36

Padhi, Akshaya, 37–39

Pak, Michael, 84, 94–95, 267

Panasonic, 9, 36, 197, 214, 232, 265

Park Sang-Jin, 102–3

Patel, Anish, 113

patent applications:

for NMC, 45, 58–59, 66, 170, 197

race for, 39, 47

for spinel, 33, 38–39

patents:

challenges to, 47

contributions described in, 57

enforcement of, 73

failure to patent, 127

government-funded, 68

infringement of, 39, 71

international, 65–69, 98, 153, 197

inventors’ names on, 156

lawsuits for, 39, 197

lead time for, 57–58

and licensing, 36, 68–69, 95

protection of, 78

provisional, 46, 55

and royalties, 36, 98, 149–51

signing away rights to, 36, 77

stealing ideas for, 38, 55

Pentagon, 127

Persson, Kristin, 243

Peters, Mark, 218, 220, 228, 251, 253

Planté, Gaston, 19

plutonium, creation of, 11

Popular Science,
19–20

Preto, Sandy, 16

Prius, 36, 153, 158, 177–78, 179, 185, 186, 188–89

Putin, Vladimir, 8, 284

Ralston Purina, 36

RCA, 62

Reagan, Ronald, 35, 122, 129

Redpoint Ventures, 112

Rickover, Hyman, 14

Riley, Bart, 154–58, 163

RockPort Capital Partners, 84–85

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 11

Russia, oil production in, 61, 183

Sadoway, Donald, 199

SAGE (computer memory), 23

Samsung, 9, 155, 158, 202, 205, 213, 231, 261, 265, 267, 284

Samsung SDI, 102–3, 104

Sattelberger, Al, 5

Schroeder, Dave, 62, 63–65

Seaborg, Glenn, 10

Seegopaul, Purnesh, 202–3, 263, 266, 274–75

Sematech (Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology), 129–31, 133, 282

Sharp, 214

Shin-Etsu, 265, 266, 281

silicon chips, 75–76

Silicon Valley, 129, 150, 201

Asian immigrants in, 90–94

Sinkula, Mike, 83–87, 88, 95, 110, 114, 116–17, 202, 263, 280

Slater, Mike, 207, 209

smart phones, 5, 167, 186, 187

Smil, Vaclav, 199

Solyndra, 203, 240

Sony, 35, 41, 118, 152, 197, 198, 214

South Africa, 27–28, 41–42, 43, 47

South Korea:

battery competition in, 99, 103, 114, 136, 214, 280, 284

consumer battery market in, 5, 8, 9, 37, 142

patents filed in, 66, 197

trade alliance with, 70–72

spec sheets, 115–16

spinel, 28–29, 30–32, 33, 38–39, 41–42, 45–46, 110, 113, 152, 153

Spitfire (chip), 85

Srinivasan, Venkat, 91, 120, 149, 220

Straubel, JB, 232

Sun-Ho Kang, 100–104, 155, 157–59, 213, 231

Sun Microsystems, 190

technology:

and global financial crises, 7–8

and Moore’s law, 186

usual path of, 185–86, 189, 192, 201

Teller, Edward, 23

Temping Yu, 99

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 11

Tesla Motors, 232–33, 284

Thackeray, Lisa, 42, 217

Thackeray, Mike, 27–33, 40–48, 67, 103, 235–36, 237, 269, 270

and battery competition, 78, 91, 126, 180, 182

and Battery Hub, 132, 135, 137, 141–42, 149, 217–18, 221, 227–28, 248, 251, 254, 269

and Chamberlain, 27, 73–74, 77–78, 128, 141–42, 221

and collaboration, 140–42, 170

and Croy, 168, 170–72, 238, 241, 286, 287

and Envia/Kumar, 78, 85, 166, 168–72, 207, 255–56, 277, 278

and Johnson, 40–41, 42, 43, 46, 287

and lithium-ion, 31–33, 41–42, 45–46, 152, 153

move to Argonne, 41–42, 48, 53, 98, 102

and NMC, 41, 43–47, 55–57, 58, 66, 70–72, 72, 74, 79, 84, 102, 127, 132, 141, 152, 153–57, 160, 197

and patents, 33, 46–47, 73, 78, 84, 127, 153, 156, 170

and spinel, 28–29, 30–32, 33, 38, 41–42, 45–46, 110, 113, 152, 153

and voltage fade, 154–57, 159–60, 210, 238

Thatcher, Margaret, 35

thermodynamics, 154, 169, 170

3M Company, 58, 66, 153, 197–98

Toda, 67, 156

Toyota, 8, 115, 116, 117, 189, 231, 257, 284

and Prius,
see
Prius

Trahey, Lynn, 207, 208–10, 212, 268–71

transistor, 122

Tulgey Wood, 11–12

Ullrick, Brad, 224–25

Union Carbide, 36

Union of Concerned Scientists, 214–15

United States:

and battery competition, 5, 6, 7, 9, 68, 71, 74, 107, 151

energy requirements of, 75

industrial decline in, 37, 129

research cutbacks in, 62, 65

University of Chicago, 127

Stagg Field, 10, 11

University of Texas, 39, 242

uranium-235, 11

Vaughey, Jack, 135, 228, 235, 237–38

Vegetabile, Jim, 147

Venkatachalam, Mani, 163, 165

venture capital, 84–87, 106–7, 111–13, 116–17, 126, 128, 190–91, 201, 266, 274

Verbrugge, Mark, 111

Vissers, Don, 41–42, 53, 55, 102

Volt, 109–13, 145–48

batteries for, 3, 4, 5, 47–48, 70, 107, 113, 146–48, 155, 197–98, 233, 257, 266, 272, 280, 285

as concept car, 109, 110, 147

cost of, 72, 107, 109, 257

fires in, 145–46

as hybrid, 109, 185

in the lab, 188

market for, 72, 109, 183

next generation of, 110, 112, 256–57

sales of, 109, 177, 186

Volta, Alessandro, 18, 19, 45

Wan Gang, 60, 76, 96, 178, 180, 280, 282–83, 284

U.S. visit of, 3–6, 7, 9, 27, 79

Wanxiang, 252

Watson, T. J., 121

Whittingham, Stan, 21, 24, 35

Wu Feng, 282

Xerox, 62

Xiaoping Xu, 51–54, 73

Yang Ren, 97

Yazami, Rachid, 119

Yet-Ming Chiang, 39, 91, 149, 220, 243

Yi Cui, 91, 149, 220

Yoshino, Akira, 35

Young-Il Jang, 154–55, 157

Zonghai Chen, 96–97

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