The Physics of Superheroes: Spectacular Second Edition (61 page)

BOOK: The Physics of Superheroes: Spectacular Second Edition
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Page 271
Footnote.
Animal Man # 32
(DC Comics, Feb. 1991). Written by Peter Milligan and drawn by Chas Troug.
Page 273
“A gross oversimplification of string theory . . .” An excellent introduction to String Theory can be found in
The Elegant Universe,
Brian Greene (W. W. Norton, 1999).
Page 273
Footnote.
Strange Tales # 129
(Marvel Comics, Feb. 1965), reprinted in
Essential Dr. Strange Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2001). Written by Don Rico and drawn by Steve Ditko.
Page 274
“This may be dangerous; . . .” See
The Pleasure of Finding Things Out
, Richard P. Feynman (Perseus Books, 1999).
Page 274
“Physicists investigating quantum gravity . . .”
The Fabric of Reality: The Science of Parallel Universes and Its Implications,
David Deutsch (Penguin, 1997);
Parallel Worlds,
Michio Kaku (Doubleday, 2005).
Page 274
“Recently some scientists have claimed that time travel . . .”
The Future of Spacetime,
Stephen W. Hawking, Kip S. Thorne, Igor Novikov, Timothy Ferris, and Alan Lightman (W. W. Norton and Company, 2002);
Time Travel in Einstein’s Universe,
J. Richard Gott (Mariner Books, 2001).
Page 274
Superman # 146
(DC Comics, July 1961). Written by Jerry Siegel and drawn by Al Plastino.
Page 278
Avengers # 267
(Marvel Comics, May 1986), reprinted in
Avengers: Kang—Time and Time Again
(Marvel Comics, 2005). Written by Roger Stern and drawn by John Buscema and Tom Palmer.
CHAPTER 23
Page 279
Flash # 116
(National Comics, Nov. 1960), reprinted in
Flash Archives Volume 2
(DC Comics, 2000). Written by John Broome and drawn by Carmine Infantino.
Page 280
Fig. 35
X-Men # 130
(Marvel Comics, Feb. 1980). Written by Chris Claremont and drawn by John Byrne.
Page 280
“This is an intrinsically quantum mechanical phenomenon . . .” A mathematical discussion of this phenomenon can be found in
Quantum Theory of Tunneling,
Mohsen Razavy (World Scientific, 2003).
Page 281
Fig. 36
Flash # 123
(DC Comics, Sept. 1961), reprinted in
Flash Archives Volume 3
(DC Comics, 2002). Written by Gardner Fox and drawn by Carmine Infantino.
Page 282
“Sc
anning Tunneling Microscope” “The Scanning Tunneling Microscope,” G. Binnig and H. Rohrer,
Scientific American 253, p. 40 (1985); “Vacuum tunneling: A new technique for microscopy.” C. F. Quate,
Physics Today
39, p. 26 (1986);
Solid State Electronic Devices
(5th ed.), Ben G. Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee (Prentice Hall, 2000).
Page 285
X-Men # 141
(Marvel Comics, Jan. 1981), reprinted in
Days of Future Past
(Marvel Comics, 2004). Written by Chris Claremont and drawn by John Byrne.
Page 286
Astonishing X-Men # 4
(Marvel Comics, Oct. 2004). Written by Joss Whedon and drawn by John Cassaday.
CHAPTER 24
Page 287
“The solid-state transistor is the fountainhead . . .”
Crystal Fire: Birth of the Information Age,
Michael Riordan (Norton, 1997).
Page 288
Showcase # 22
(DC Comics, Oct. 1959), reprinted in
Green Lantern Archives Volume 1
(DC Comics, 1998). Written by John Broome and drawn by Gil Kane.
Page 288
Showcase # 6
(National Comics, Jan.-Feb. 1957), reprinted in
Challengers of the Unknown Archives Volume 1
(DC Comics, 2003). Written by Dave Wood and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 288
“The Marvel Age of Comics began . . .”
Marvel Comics Presents Fantastic Firsts
(Marvel Comics, 2001).
Page 288
Tales of Suspense # 39
(Marvel Comics, Mar. 1963), reprinted in
Marvel Masterworks: The Invincible Iron Man Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2003). Written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and drawn by Don Heck.
Page 289
Iron Man # 144
(Marvel Comics, Mar. 1981). Written by David Michelinie and drawn by Joe Brozowski and Bob Layton.
Page 289
“And boy, did Shellhead . . .” See
Essential Iron Man Volume 1
and 2 (Marvel Comics, 2000, 2004).
Page 290
“The weapons that were distributed . . .”
Tales of Suspense # 55
(Marvel Comics, Jul. 1963), reprinted in
Essential Iron Man Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2000). Written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and drawn by Don Heck.
Page 294
Iron Man # 132
(Marvel Comics, Mar. 1980). Written by David Michelinie and drawn by Jerry Bingham and Bob Layton.
Page 296
“the phenomenon of diamagnetic levitation . . .” See the Web page for the High Field Magnetic Laboratory at the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands:
http://www.hfml.ru.nl/levitate.html
for some great images of levitating objects.
Page 297
“ hand- held pulsed-energy weapons . . .” “
Star Wars
Hits the Streets,” David Hambling,
New Scientist
, no. 2364 (October 12, 2002).
Page 301
“Semiconductor devices are typically constructed . . .”
Quantum Electronics
, John R. Pierce (Doubleday Anchor, 1966).
Page 302
Watchmen
(DC Comics, 1986, 1987) written by Alan Moore and drawn by Dave Gibbons.
Page 303
“we all possess cells . . .” “Dying to See,” Ralf Dahm,
Scientific American
291, p. 83 (Oct. 2004); “Lens Organelle Degradation,” Steven Bassnett,
Experimental Eye Research
74, p. 1 (2002).
Page 303
Fantastic Four # 62
, (vol. 3) (Marvel Comics, Dec. 2002). Written by Mark Waid and drawn by Mike Wieringo.
Page 308
“on the day Bardeen learned . . .”
The Chip: How Two Americans Invented the Microchip and Launched a Revolution,
T. R. Reid (Simon & Shuster, 1985).
CHAPTER 25
Page 311
Footnote.
Ultimates # 5
(Marvel Comics, Jul. 2002) written by Mark Millar and drawn by Bryan Hitch.
Page 311
“They depended at the time upon their competitor, National Periodicals . . .”
Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters and the Birth of the Comic Book,
Gerard Jones (Basic Books, 2004).
Page 311
Fantastic Four # 3
(Marvel Comics, Mar. 1962) written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 312
Fantastic Four # 7
(Marvel Comics, Oct. 1962) written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 313
“Carbon achieves the greatest lowering in energy . . .”
Valence
(3rd ed.) C. A. Coulson (Oxford University Press, 1985).
Page 314
“Liquid crystals are a familiar example . . .”
Liquid Crystals: Nature’s Delicate Phase of Matter
(2nd ed.), Peter J. Collins, (Princeton University Press, 2001).
Page 315
“shape-memory materials undergo a transformation . . .”
Shape Memory Materials
, K. Otsuka and C. M. Wayman eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2008);
Shape Memory Alloys: Modeling and Engineering Applications,
ed. Dimitris C. Lagoudas (Springer, 2008).
Page 316
“shape-memory thermoplastic polymer for surgical applications . . . “, “Biodegradable, Elastic Shape-Memory Polymers for Potential Biomedical Applications,” A. Lendlein and R. Langer,
Science
vol. 296, p. 1673 (2002).
Page 316
“Certain fabrics expand in response. . . .”
Intelligent Macromolecules for Smart Devices,
Liming Dai (Springer, 2004).
Page 316
Hulk # 1
(Marvel Comics, May 1962) written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 316
Tales to Astonish # 60
(Marvel Comics, Oct. 1964) written by Stan Lee and drawn by Steve Ditko.
Page 317
“the Atom had a unique solution to the problem of needing a costume”
Showcase # 34
(National Comics, Sept./Oct. 1961) written by Gardner Fox and drawn by Gil Kane.
Page 318
Detective Comics # 27
(National Comics, 1939) written by Bill Finger and drawn by Bob Kane.
Page 319
More Fun Comics # 73
(National Comics, Nov. 1941) written by Mort Weisinger and drawn by George Papp.
Page 319
Justice League of America # 4
(National Comics, May 1961) written by Gardner Fox and drawn by Mike Sekowsky.
Page 319
“Diamonds are hard to break . . . ,”
Valence
(3rd ed.) C. A. Coulson (Oxford University Press, 1985).
Page 321
“It has been said that the British longbow archers . . .”
The Book of Archery: Being the Complete History and Practice of the Art
George A. Hansard (Henry G. Bohn, 1841);
The History of Archery
, Edmund H. Burke (Greenwood Press Reprint, 1971).
Page 322
Footnote. “Determination of Young’s and shear moduli of common yew and Norway spruce by means of ultrasonic waves,” D. Ken- necke, W. Sonderegger, K. Pereteann, T. Luthi and P. Niemz,
Wood Science and Technology
, vol. 41, p. 309 (2007).
Page 322
“Holless Allen invented the compound bow” “Archery Bow with Draw Force Multiplying Attachments” U.S. Patent no. 3,486,495 (Dec. 1969).
Page 323
“Flaming arrows”
A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder
, J. R. Partington (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998);
Greek Fire, Poison Arrows and Scorpion Bombs,
Adrienne Mayor (Overlook TP, 2004).
Page 324
“In 1921, Marston had a B.A.,”
Wonder Woman: The Complete History
, Les Daniels (Chronicle Books, 2001).
Page 324
“when only approximately 3.3 percent of the American population had a college degree”
Education of the American Population,
John K. Folger and Charles B. Nam (Ayer Pub., 1976).
Page 325
All-Star Comics # 8
(National Comics, Dec. 1941) written by Charles Moulton and drawn by Harry G. Peter.
Page 325
Wonder Woman # 1
(National Comics, Summer 1942) written by Charles Moulton and drawn by Harry G. Peter.
Page 328
“one-of-a-kind alloy of steel and Vibranium”
Captain America # 303
(Marvel Comics, Mar. 1985) written by Mike Carlin and drawn by Paul Neary.
Page 328
“Vibranium is an extraterrestrial material”
Fantastic Four # 52
(Marvel Comics, July 1966) written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 328
Avengers # 4
(Marvel Comics, 1964) written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 328
Avengers # 66
(Marvel Comics, July 1969) written by Roy Thomas and drawn by Barry Smith.
Page 329
“Daniels’ 2001 excellent history”
Wonder Woman: The Complete History
, Les Daniels (Chronicle Books, 2001).
Page 330
Tales to Astonish # 48
(Marvel Comics, Oct. 1963), reprinted in
Essential Ant-Man Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and H. E. Huntley and drawn by Don Heck.
Page 330
Tales to Astonish # 49
(Marvel Comics, Nov. 1963), reprinted in
Essential Ant-Man Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 330
“Yellowjacket”
Avengers # 59
(Marvel Comics, Dec. 1968),
Avengers # 63
(Marvel Comics, Apr. 1969), reprinted in
Essential Avengers Volume 3
(Marvel Comics, 2001). Written by Roy Thomas and drawn by John Buscema and Gene Colan.
Page 330
“Goliath”
Avengers # 28
(Marvel Comics, May 1966), reprinted in
Essential Avengers Volume 2
(Marvel Comics, 2000). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Don Heck.
Page 330
Ultimates # 3
(Marvel Comics, May 2002). Written by Mark Millar and drawn by Bryan Hitch.
Page 331
Fantastic Four # 271
(Marvel Comics, Oct. 1984). Written and drawn by John Byrne.
Page 331
“Orrgo”
Strange Tales # 90
(Marvel Comics, Nov. 1961). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 331
“Bruttu”
Tales of Suspense # 22
(Marvel Comics, Oct. 1961). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 331
“Googam (son of Goom)”
Tales of Suspense # 17
(Marvel Comics, May 1961). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 331
“Fin Fang Foom”
Strange Tales # 89
(Marvel Comics, Oct. 1961). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 332
Footnote.
On Growth and Form,
D’Arcy Thompson (Cambridge University Press, 1961).
Page 333
Fantastic Four Annual # 1
(Marvel Comics, 1963), reprinted in
Marvel Masterworks: Fantastic Four Volume 2
(Marvel Comics, 2005). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 334
Ultimates # 2
(Marvel Comics, May 2002). Written by Mark Millar and drawn by Bryan Hitch.
Page 334
“If you’ve ever thought that the bubbles . . .”
200 Puzzling Physics Problems,
Peter Gnådig, Gyula Honyek, and Ken Riley (Cambridge University Press, 2001).
CHAPTER 26
Page 339
“The first young mutant . . .” See, “Call Him . . . Cyclops!” in
X-Men # 43
(Marvel Comics, Apr. 1968). Written by Roy Thomas and drawn by Werner Roth.
Page 341
“in the early days of the Golden Age . . .”
Superman # 1
(National Comics, June 1939), reprinted in
Superman Archives Volume 1
(DC Comics, 1989). Written by Jerry Siegel and drawn by Joe Shuster.
BOOK: The Physics of Superheroes: Spectacular Second Edition
12.29Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
ads

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