The Patriarch (104 page)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

No work of history is possible without archivists and librarians. Some of those who went out of their way to assist me on this project include Verity Andrews, Special Collections Service, University of Reading; Barbara Cline at the LBJ library in Austin; James Edward Cross, Special Collections, Clemson University Libraries; Cynthia Curtner, Boston Latin School archives; Al Davis, Riverdale Country School; Ana Guimaraes, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University; Robert Johnson-Lally, Archdiocese of Boston; Donna Maxwell, Special Olympics; Malgosia Myc, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan; Matthew Schaefer, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library; Sister Marguerita Smith, Archdiocese of New York; Father Tom Sullivan, Archdiocese of Worcester; Marc Thomas, Maryland Historical Society; Florence Turcotte, Special and Area Studies Collections, University of Florida; and the staffs of the Cohasset, Quincy, and Palm Beach historical societies.

I did much of my research at the JFK library in Boston, one of the gems in our nation’s superb Presidential Library system. I would like to thank Paul Kirk, Tom Putnam, Allan Goodrich, Jennifer Quan, Maryrose Grossman, Laurie Austin, and, in particular, Stephen Plotkin, who always found time to answer my calls and locate whatever I was looking for.

One of the drawbacks of taking several years to write a book is that you are unable to thank in person all those who contributed to it. Senator Edward Kennedy was from day one unfailingly generous with his time. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., got me started by sharing his memories and thoughts about Joseph P. Kennedy. My mother, Beatrice Nasaw, as always, served as my chief research assistant as long as she was able.

I am enormously grateful to Jean Kennedy Smith for her encouragement and for answering every question I put to her. Vicki Reggie Kennedy was helpful throughout. Amanda Smith, the author of a superbly assembled and annotated collection of her grandfather’s letters, shared her research with me. I was able to speak with Eunice Kennedy Shriver before her death. I profited as well from conversations with Ethel Skakel Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Jr., Christopher Kennedy, Rory Kennedy, Timothy Shriver, and Ann Gargan. I thank the Shriver family for permitting me to look at and cite letters from Eunice Kennedy Shriver’s personal papers.

Will Swift provided me with much of the research he had done on Kennedy’s years in London. Cari Beauchamp talked to me about Kennedy’s career in Hollywood. FBI historian John Fox helped me secure FBI records. Lucy White showed me letters to Joseph P. Kennedy written by her grandfather, Thomas White. Arthur J. Goldsmith, Jr., sent me letters written by his father, Arthur Goldsmith. William Gowen spoke about his father, Franklin Gowen, and his association with Kennedy at the London embassy and elsewhere. Brian Burns not only took time to talk with me about his father, Judge John Burns, and the role he played in Kennedy’s life, but offered me copies of his father’s letters. Muriel Palmer told me of an incident involving Kennedy from her childhood.

Robert Caro, E. L. Doctorow, Henry Feingold, Arthur Goren, Nigel Hamilton, Susan Hertog, Michael Janeway, Laurence Leamer, Jeff Madrick, Nancy Milford, Anne Navaksy, Victor Navasky, Dan Okrent, Ron Powers, David Rosner, and Richard Whalen were of enormous help.

Steve Brier, Alan Brinkley, Steve Fraser, Joshua Freeman, Robert (K.C.) Johnson, and Thomas Kessner read portions of the manuscript and offered suggestions that guided my final rewrites.

There is no better place to teach, research, and write history than the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. I thank the Graduate Center president and my friend, William Kelly, for his support; and my colleagues in the history department, Martin Burke, Blanche Wiesen Cook, James Oakes, Judith Stein, and the late John Diggins for their assistance. I am greatly in the debt of the graduate students who assisted me with my research: Andrew Battle, Benjamin Becker, Rachel Burstein, Brendan Cooper, Mariel Isaacson, Fabio Mattioli, Brendan O’Malley, and Brian Sholis. Noah Simmons put my endnotes into order; Tracy Robey Masterovaya did yeoman service in fact-checking and securing permissions.

I received research assistance from Lauren Dinger in Boston, Tami Katz in Jerusalem, Ben Kopit in Los Angeles, Sarah Meier in Wyoming, Kelly Kelleher Richter in San Francisco, Alessandro Visani in Rome, and Corey Elliott Walker in Washington, D.C. Marilyn Farnell did photo research for me at the JFK library.

I learned much from conversations with Kennedy family friends and acquaintances, particularly Dr. Henry Betts, John Seigenthaler, Leo Racine, Theodore Sorensen, William vanden Heuvel, and Gore Vidal.

Lindsay Whalen at Penguin Press has, with good cheer and enormous competence, aided me in the final stages of getting the manuscript into publishable form; Sona Vogel did a masterful job of copyediting.

Ann Godoff remains, from my perspective, the best editor there is; Andrew Wylie, the best agent an author could wish for.

There are no words grand enough to express my love and gratitude to Dinitia Smith, my superb in-house editor, who read every word in every draft, and by her presence, persistence, and patience made this a much better book than it would have been without her.

—

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NOTES

LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVAL DEPOSITORIES

Baker Library   Baker Library, Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts

Bancroft   Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, California

BPL-EB   Boston Public Library, East Boston Branch, East Boston, Massachusetts

Cohasset   Cohasset Historical Society, Cohasset, Massachusetts

CUOH   Columbia Center for Oral History, New York, New York

CZA   Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem, Israel

FDRL   Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, New York

HI   Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, California

HHPL   Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa

JFKL   John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, Boston, Massachusetts

JFKNHS   John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site, Brookline, Massachusetts

LBJL   Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas

LC   Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C.

Longfellow   Longfellow House–Washington Headquarters National Historic Site, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Mudd   Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

NAUK   National Archives of the United Kingdom, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, U.K.

NAUS   National Archives of the United States, Washington, D.C.

NYPL   The New York Public Library, Manuscripts and Archives Division, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations, New York City

Ransom   Harry Ransom Center,   The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas

SEC   Securities and Exchange Commission Historical Society

ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS

AANY   Spellman Papers, Archives of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, Saint Joseph’s Seminary, Dunwoodie, Yonkers, New York

Alsop   Joseph Alsop and Stewart Alsop Papers, LC

America First   America First Committee Papers, HI

Astor   Papers of Nancy Astor, Special Collections, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.

Baker   Newton Diehl Baker Papers, LC

Baruch   Bernard Baruch Papers, Mudd

Beaverbrook   Lord Beaverbrook Papers, House of Lords, Parliamentary Archives, London, U.K.

Berle   Adolf A. Berle Papers, FDRL

Blair   Clay Blair Papers, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming

BLS   Boston Latin School, Boston, Massachusetts

Boettiger   John Boettiger Papers, FDRL

Byrnes
   
James F. Byrnes Papers, Special Collections, Clemson University Libraries, Clemson, South Carolina

Cavanaugh   John J. Cavanaugh Papers (JJC), The Archives of the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.

CBLP   Clare Boothe Luce Papers, LC

CHAR   Chartwell Papers, Churchill Papers, Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge, U.K.

Clifford   Clark M. Clifford Papers, LC

Coblentz   Edmond Coblentz Papers, Bancroft

Corcoran   Thomas G. Corcoran Papers, LC

Cushing   Cushing Papers, Archives of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston, Braintree, Massachusetts

DeMille   Cecil B. DeMille Productions Records; Arts and Communications Archives; L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Democrat   Democratic National Committee Papers, FDRL

Douglas   William O. Douglas Papers, LC

EKSP      Eunice Kennedy Shriver Papers, Special Olympics, Washington, D.C.

EMKP
   
Edward M. Kennedy Personal Papers, JFKL

FBI   Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, D.C.

FDRSF      President’s Secretary Files, FDRL

FFF   Fight for Freedom, Inc., Records, Mudd

Forrestal   James V. Forrestal Papers, 20th Century Public Policy Papers, Mudd

Frankfurter   Felix Frankfurter Papers, LC

Gannett
   
Frank Ernest Gannett Papers, 1900 Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Ithaca, New York

Gressman   Eugene Gressman Papers, Bentley Historical Library, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Halifax
   
Papers of the 1st Earl of Halifax (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood), Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, York, U.K.

Hearst   William Randolph Hearst Papers, Bancroft

HHOHP   Herbert Hoover Oral History Project, HHPL

HHPLPPI   Post-Presidential Correspondence, HHPL

Hopkins   Harry Hopkins Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Georgetown University Library, Washington, D.C.

Hornbeck   Stanley Hornbeck Papers, HI

HUA   Harvard University Archives, Pusey Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Hull   Cordell Hull Papers, LC

Ickes   Harold L. Ickes Papers, LC

Krock   Arthur Krock Papers, 20th Century Public Policy Papers, Mudd

Jacobs   Rose Jacobs Papers, CZA

JFKOF
   
President’s Office Files, JFKL

JFKOHP   John F. Kennedy Oral History Project, JFKL

JFKPP
   
John F. Kennedy Personal Papers, JFKL

JPKP   Joseph P. Kennedy Personal Papers, JFKL

JR   James Roosevelt Papers, FDRL

KBMPP   Kirk LeMoyne “Lem” Billings Personal Papers, JFKL

Kent   Frank Kent Scrapbooks, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, Maryland

Kirstein   Louis E. Kirstein Collection, Baker Library

Knopf   Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Papers, Ransom

Knopf Records   Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Records, NYPL

LandisLC   James McCauley Landis Papers, LC

LandisHU   James McCauley Landis Papers, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts

LBJP   Papers of Lyndon B. Johnson, LBJL

LeHand
   
Marguerite A. (“Missy”) LeHand Papers, Grace Tully Collections, FDRL

Lehman   Lehman Brothers Collection, Baker Library

Lindbergh   Charles Augustus Lindbergh Gift Collection, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut.

Long   Breckinridge Long Papers, LC

McCormick   Robert R. McCormick: Business Correspondence, Colonel Robert McCormick Research Center, First Division Museum at Cantigny, Wheaton, Illinois

Moffat
   
Jay Pierrepont Moffat Diplomatic Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Mooney   James D. Mooney Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Georgetown University Library, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.

Morgenthau   Morgenthau Diaries, LC

NHP   Nigel Hamilton Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts

OF      President’s Official Files, FDRL

Pathé   Pathé Exchange Records, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly Hills, California

Pearson   Drew Pearson Personal Papers, LBJL

Pegler   Westbrook Pegler Papers, HHPL

PPF   President’s Personal Files, FDRL

Quigley   Martin J. Quigley Papers, Special Collections, Georgetown University Library, Washington, D.C.

REFKP   Rose [Elizabeth] Fitzgerald Kennedy Personal Papers, JFKL

Riverdale   Riverdale Country Day School, Riverdale, New York

Ross   Harold Ross Papers,
New Yorker
Records, NYPL

Schiff   Dorothy Schiff Papers, NYPL

Schlesinger   Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Papers, NYPL

Sulzberger   New York Times Company Records, Arthur Hays Sulzberger Papers, NYPL

Swanson   Gloria Swanson Papers, Ransom

Szold   Robert Szold Papers, CZA

Toscanini   Cia Fornaroli and Walter Toscanini Papers, NYPL

Trohan   Walter Trohan Papers, HHPL

Weizmann   The Chaim Weizmann Archives, Rehoboth, Israel

Wilson
   
Hugh Wilson Papers, HHPL

Wood   R. E. Wood Papers, HHPL

Wright
   
Papers of John J. Wright, Archives of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester, Worcester, Massachusetts

NEWSPAPERS

AC   Atlanta Constitution

BDG   Boston Daily Globe

BH   Boston Herald

BRA   Boston Record-American

BSG   Boston Sunday Globe

BP   Boston Post

BSP   Boston Sunday Post

BT   Boston Traveler

CDT   Chicago Daily Tribune

CSM   Christian Science Monitor

EHMPW   Exhibitor Herald Motion Picture World

FD   Film Daily

HC   Hartford Courant

LAE   Los Angeles Examiner

LAT   Los Angeles Times

MPN   Motion Picture News

MPW   Moving Picture World

NYDM   New York Daily Mirror

NYJA   New York Journal American

NYHT   New York Herald Tribune

NYT   New York Times

V   Variety

WP   Washington Post

WSJ   Wall Street Journal

INDIVIDUALS

BB   Bernard Baruch

CBL   Clare Boothe Luce

CK   Christopher Kennedy

EKS   Eunice Kennedy Shriver

EMK   Edward M. Kennedy

ER   Eleanor Roosevelt

ESK   Ethel Skakel Kennedy

FDR   Franklin Delano Roosevelt

FF   Felix Frankfurter

GS   Gloria Swanson

HH   Herbert Hoover

JB   John Boettiger

JF   John F. “Honey” Fitzgerald

JFK   John Fitzgerald Kennedy

JKS   Jean Kennedy Smith

JPK   Joseph P. Kennedy

JR   James Roosevelt

KKH   Kathleen “Kick” Kennedy Hartington

LB   Kirk LeMoyne “Lem” Billings

NA   Lady Nancy Astor

PKL   Patricia Kennedy

RC   Robert Coughlin

REFK
   
Rose [Elizabeth] Fitzgerald Kennedy

RFK   Robert Fitzgerald Kennedy

RK   Rosemary Kennedy

SS   Secretary of State (Cordell Hull)

WRH   William Randolph Hearst

PUBLICATIONS

FB   The Fruitful Bough

FRUS   Foreign Relations of the United States

HTF   Hostage to Fortune

TTR   Times to Remember

TC   True Compass

ONE: DUNGANSTOWN TO EAST BOSTON

1
. David Noel Doyle, “The Remaking of Irish America, 1845–1880,” in
Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States,
ed. Joseph Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 222.

2
.
East Boston: A Survey and a Comprehensive Plan
(City of Boston, 1916), 1.

3
. William H. Sumner,
History of East Boston
(Boston: J. E. Tilton & Co., 1858), 529; Samuel Eliot Morrison,
The Maritime History of Massachusetts: 1783–1860
(1921; reprint, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1961), 367–68.

4
. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
History of Wages in the United States from Colonial Times to 1928
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1934), 178, 253, 448, 460.

5
. “The Catholic Church of New England,” box 8, Boston, Church History folder, BPL-EB.

6
. U.S. Department of Labor,
History of Wages in the United States,
460.

7
. Thomas O’Connor,
The Boston Irish: A Political History
(Boston: Back Bay Books, 1995), 99.

8
. Kennedy, Bridget (1860 U.S. Census) Massachusetts, Suffolk County, Ward Two, Boston, Mass.

9
. Suffolk County Probate and Family Court Administration. Docket 81567. Bridget Kennedy, 1889, Massachusetts Archives, Boston, Mass.

10
. Frederick Bushee, “The Growth of the Population of Boston,”
Publications of the American Statistical Association
6 (June 1899): 262, 264.

11
. Frederick Bushee,
Ethnic Factors in the Population of Boston
(New York: Macmillan, 1903), 122–23.

12
.
BDG
, Dec. 12, 1888, 1; Lois Bannister Merk, “Boston’s Historic Public School Crisis,”
New England Quarterly
31 (June 1958): 189–92.

13
. John Higham,
Strangers in the Land
(1955; repr., New York: Atheneum, 1971), 101–3.

14
.
BDG,
Nov. 18, 1899, 6.

15
.
BDG,
Oct. 17, 1893.

16
. Duncliffe, “Irish Surge as Pat Pulls Strings,”
BRA,
Jan. 7, 1964.

17
.
The Fruitful Bough
(
FB
), collected by Edward M. Kennedy (privately printed, 1965), 8.

18
. John F. Murphy,
Up-to-Date Guide Book of Greater Boston
(Boston: John Murray, 1904), 118–19.

19
. Loretta Connelly,
FB
folders, EMKP; Max Grossman, “The Life Story of Joseph P. Kennedy,”
BSP,
Dec. 12, 1937.

20
.
BDG,
Nov. 18, 1899, 6.

21
.
BDG,
Feb. 1, 1899; Dec. 13, 22, 1899; Apr. 29, 1902.

TWO: SCHOOL DAYS

1
. E. Digby Baltzell,
Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia
(New York: Free Press, 1979), 426.

2
. Boston Latin School,
Catalogue,
1903, 28, BLS.

3
. Boston Latin School,
Catalogue,
Oct. 1907, 37–42, BLS.

4
. Boston Latin School,
Tercentenary
Catalogue,
1904–1905, 76, BLS.

5
. O’Connor,
The Boston Irish,
266–67.

6
.
BDG,
Sept. 21, 1906; Mar. 30, 1907; Pengra,
FB
folders, EMKP.

7
. REFK,
Times to Remember
(
TTR
) (New York: Doubleday, 1974), 17–18; REFK and RC, Jan. 21, 1972, box 10, REFKP.

8
. REFK,
TTR,
49–50.

9
. REFK,
TTR,
50; REFK and RC, Jan. 21, 1972, box 10, REFKP; REFK,
TTR,
50–51.