The Other Schindlers (36 page)

1
. Monica Porter, e-mail to the author, 17 November 2002.

2
. Jaap van Proosdij, letter to the author, 12 January 2004.

3
. Andy Marino,
American Pimpernel: The man who saved the artists on Hitler’s death list
(London: Hutchinson, 1999), p. 337.

4
. Agnes Spier,
Affected by Atrocity
, p. 87.

5
. Agnes Hirschi, e-mail to the author, 15 March 2001.

6
. Agnes Hirschi, notes of meeting with the author in London, 14 April 2002.

7
. Arnold Brown, notes of telephone conversation with the author, 22 November 2001.

8
. Jane Marks,
The Hidden Children: The Secret Survivors of the Holocaust
(London: Bantam, 1993), p. 253.

9
. Zygmunt Bauman,
Modernity and the Holocaust
(Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991), pp. 5–7.

10
. Michael Burleigh, ‘The Chill of Evil’ book review,
Sunday Times Culture
magazine, 25 July 2004.

11
. Dr Moshe Bejski, ‘The Righteous Among the Nations’, in
Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust
, ed. Y. Gutman and E. Zuroff (Jerusalem: 1977), based on Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, April 1974, pp. 634–5.

12
. Hubert Locke, ‘My Professional and Spiritual Journey’,
Perspectives
, Autumn 2003, p. 22.

13
. Thomas Powers, ‘The everyday life of tyranny’ in
The London Review of Books
, Vol. 20, No 18, 21 September 2000, pp. 3–7.

14
. Hugo Gryn,
Chasing Shadows: Memories of a Vanished World
(London: Viking, 2000), pp. 236–7.

15
. Monia Avrahmi,
Flames in the Ashes
, written in 1985 for the film. Monia worked at the museum.

16
. H.D. Leuner,
When Compassion was a Crime: Germany’s Silent Heroes 1933–45
(London: Wolff, 1966), p. 71.

17
. Ewa Berberyusz, ‘Guilt by Neglect’ in
My Brother’s Keeper? Recent Polish Debates on the Holocaust
, ed. Antony Polonsky (London: Routledge, 1990), pp. 69–71 (70).

18
. Leonard Baker,
Days of Sorrow and Pain: Leo Baeck and the Berlin Jews
(New York: OUP, 1981), pp. 156–7.

19
. Dr Frances Henry, ‘Were All Bystanders Indifferent or Malevolent?’ in
Dimensions: A Journal of Holocaust Studies
, Fall 1985, Vol. 1, No 2, pp. 7–10 (8).

20
. Victoria J.
Barnett, Bystanders; Conscience and Complicity During the Holocaust
(Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999), p. 2.

21
. Ibid., p. 3.

22
. Ibid., p. 4.

23
. Ibid., p. 5.

24
. Henry, ‘Were All Bystanders Indifferent or Malevolent?’, p. 10.

25
. Yehuda Bauer,
The Holocaust in Historical Perspective
(London: Sheldon Press, 1978), pp. 91–2.

26
. Bauer, ‘Jew and Gentile:
The Holocaust and After’ in The Holocaust in Historical Perspective
.

27
. Ibid., pp. 77–8.

28
. Adam LeBor and Roger Boyes,
Surviving Hitler: Choices, Corruption and Compromise in the Third Reich
(London: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 306.

29
. Nechama Tec,
When Light Pierced the Darkness; Christian Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland
(Oxford: OUP, 1987), p. 65.

30
. Ibid., pp. 64–6.

31
. Ibid., pp. 66–8.

32
. Michal Grynberg (ed.),
Words to Outlive Us: Eyewitness Accounts from the Warsaw Ghetto
(London: Granta, 2003), p. 19.

33
. Irene Gut Opdyke,
In My Hands: Memories of a Holocaust Rescuer
(New York: Knopf, 1999), p. 83.

34
. Piotr Wilczek, ‘Michal Glowinski, Czarne Sezony’,
Chicago Review
, 2000, 3/4, Vol. 46, pp. 383–5 (383).

35
. Marci Shore, translator’s Preface to
The Black Seasons
, sent to the author by e-mail, 8 July 2004, p. 1.

36
. Michal Glowinski,
The Black Seasons
, trans. Marci Shore, p. 77. (I am grateful to Marci for sending me the complete translated manuscript prior to publication in December 2004.)

37
. Ibid., p. 79.

38
. Michal Glowinski, ‘A Quarter-Hour Passed in a Pastry Shop’, cited in Jan T. Gross’
Neighbours
(Woodstock: PUP, 2001), pp. 135, 241.

39
. Margaret A. Salinger,
Dream Catcher
(New York: Washington Square Press, 2000), p. 55.

40
. Adina Blady Szwajger,
I Remember Nothing More
(London: Collins Harvill, 1990), p. 164.

41
. Czeslaw Milosz,
Campo dei Fiori
, 1943, in
Holocaust Poetry
(London: Fount, 1995), p. 168, verse 5. This Polish poet received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1980.

42
. Szwajger,
I Remember Nothing More
, p. 87.

43
. Barnett,
Bystanders
, p. 112.

44
. Elie Wiesel and Richard D. Heffner,
Conversations with Elie Wiesel
(New York: Schocken Books, 2001), p. 14.

45
. Gerda Haas, letter to the author, 29 April 2000.

46
. Henry Walton, letter to the author, 20 August 2000.

47
. Ibid., 10 August 2000.

48
. Barbara Lovenheim,
Survival in the Shadows: Seven Hidden Jews in Hitler’s Berlin
(London: Peter Owen, 2002), p. 19.

49
. Roman Halter, ‘The Kindness of Strangers’ in
Perspectives: Journal of the Holocaust Centre
, Beth Shalom, Autumn 2003, pp. 10–11.

50
. Max Hastings, ‘The Shameful Peace: How French Artists and Intellectuals Survived the Nazi Occupation’ in
The Sunday Times
, 23 November 2008.

51
. Philip Gourevitch, ‘Behold now Behemoth: The Holocaust Memorial Museum: one more American Theme Park’,
Harper’s Magazine
, July 1993.

52
. ‘Reporting the Story of a Genocide’, conversation with Philip Gourevitch, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, 11 February 2000, p. 6.

53
. Salinger,
Dream Catcher
, p. 45.

54
. Berel Lang, ‘Uncovering Certain Mischievous Questions About the Holocaust’, Ina Levine Scholar-in-Residence Annual Lecture, 12 March 2002, p. 11.

55
. Ian Kershaw,
Popular Opinion & Political Dissent in the Third Reich: Bavaria 1933–1945
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), p. vii.

56
. Ibid., p. viii.

57
. Christopher Browning, Tables 1 & 2,
Ordinary Men
, pp. 191–2.

58
. Raul Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
(New York: 1985), cited by Browning, p. 194.

59
. Browning,
Ordinary Men
, p. xvi.

60
. Ibid., p. xx.

61
. Ibid., p. 188.

62
. Ibid., p. 2.

63
. Kristen Renwick Monroe,
John Donne’s People
, pp. 427–8.

64
. Nicholas Wapshott, ‘Archbishop of Canterbury blamed the Jews for excesses of the Nazis’ in
The Times
, 23 April 2004, p. 11.

65
. Arthur Berger, Papers of Ambassador James G. McDonald, Record Rise of Nazism to Creation of Israel, Washington Holocaust Museum Press Release, 22 April 2004, p. 2; www.ushmm.org/museum/press/archive/collections/mcdondiary/htm, accessed 2 May 2004.

66
. Ibid.

67
. James G. McDonald, Letter of Resignation to the Secretary General of the League of Nations (London: 1935).

68
. Ibid., p. 5.

69
. ‘Petition in Support of James Grover McDonald’s Letter of Resignation’, undated printed booklet in British Library, ref: 20087 b.38.

70
. James G. McDonald,
Palestine to the Rescue
(London: Jewish Agency, 1943), p. 3. Document in the British Library, ref: 4035.aa.15.

71
. James G. McDonald,
My Mission in Israel 1948–1951
(London: Gollancz, 1951), p. xi.

72
. Ibid., p. iii.

73
. House of Lords,
Hansard
, Column 811–21, 858–60.

74
. House of Lords, Columns 820–1.

75
. CCJ website, www.ccj.org.uk/history.html, accessed 3 January 2010.

76
. David Wyman, ‘Remembering William Temple’ in Jerusalem Post, 20 February 2006.

77
. ‘Stein plea to Pius XI’ in
Jewish Chronicle
, 28 February 2003.

78
. John Cornwell,
Hitler’s Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII
(London: Penguin, 1999), p. 140.

79
. Susanne M. Batzdorff,
Edith Stein: Selected Writings
(Illinois: 1990), pp. 16–7. Ms Batzdorff is Edith Stein’s niece.

80
. ‘Stein plea to Pius XI’, 28 February 2003.

81
. Batzdorff,
Edith Stein
, p. 17.

82
. Epstein and Rosen,
Dictionary of the Holocaust
(Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997).

83
. Abraham H. Foxman and Rabbi Leon Klenicki,
The Canonization of Edith Stein: An Unnecessary Problem
, www.adl.org/opinion/edith_stein.asp, October 1998, pp. 1–3 (3).

84
. Jean Medawar and David Pyke,
Hitler’s Gift: Scientists Who Fled Nazi Germany
(London: Piatkus, 2002), pp. 53–4.

85
. Fry,
Surrender on Demand
, p. 224.

86
. Varian Fry, ‘The Massacre of the Jews’ in
The New Republic
, 21 December 1942.

87
. Amy Z. Gottlieb,
Men of Vision: Anglo-Jewry’s Aid to Victims of the Nazi regime 1933–1945
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998), p. 44.

88
. Viscount Templewood,
Nine Troubled Years
(London: 1954), p. 240.

89
. Hansard, 7 July 1938 – Written Answers (Commons), http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1938/jul/07/refugees, accessed 5 January 2010.

90
. Hansard, 14 July 1938. William Thorn (1857–1946) had been an MP since 1906.

91
. Gottlieb,
Men of Vision
, p. 45.

92
. Dr Ralph Kohn,
Nazi Persecution – Britain’s gift: A personal reflection
(London: The Royal Society and Cara, May 2009), pp. 6, 7.

93
. Lord Beveridge,
A Defence of Free Learning
(London: OUP, 1959), p. 1.

94
. R.M. Cooper,
Refugee Scholars: Conversations with Tess Simpson
(Leeds: Moorland Books, 1992), p. 33.

95
. Duke of Devonshire, letter to the author, 7 April 2000.

96
. Notes of the author’s meeting with the Duke of Devonshire in his study at Chatsworth, 25 October 2000.

97
. Duke of Devonshire, letter to the author, 13 April 2000.

98
. CARA booklet, p. 4.

99
. Archie Burnett (ed.)
The Letters of A.E. Housman
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2007), 2 vols.

100
. CARA booklet, pp. 13, 15.

101
. Norman Bentwich,
They Found Refuge
(London: The Cresset Press, 1956), p. 67.

102
. BBC
Breakfast with Frost
, Sir David Frost interviewed Bill Clinton on Sunday 18 July 2004.

103
. Robert Walker, ‘Rwanda Remembers the Holocaust’, BBC News, 27 January 2005.

104
. Sula and Paul’s stories are on the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust’s website: www.hmd.org.uk.

105
. Stefan Lovgren, ‘“Hotel Rwanda” Portrays Hero Who Fought Genocide’, National Geographic News, 9 December 2004, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/ pf/44550124.html.

106
. Philip Gourevitch, ‘Reporting the Story of a Genocide’, at Berkeley University, 11 February 2000, http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Gourevitch/gourevitch-con4.html.

107
. Holocaust Memorial Day Trust website: www.hmd.org.uk.

108
. Ibid.

109
. Etgar Lefkovits, ‘Rwandan genocide survivors look to Israel’ in
Jerusalem Post
, 3 November 2005.

110
. Yifat Bachrach-Ron, ‘Shaping Remembrance: Seminar for Survivors of the Rwandan Genocide’ in
Yad Vashem Quarterly Magazine
, Vol. 40, Winter 2006.

111
. Elie Wiesel, speech at the Darfur Emergency Summit, 14 July 2004 in New York (www.ajws.org), cited in
Darfur: A Jewish Response
(London: The Pears Foundation, 2007), pp. 11–2.

112
. Yom Hashoah is the Israeli Holocaust Memorial Day established by law in 1951 when Ben Gurion was Prime Minister. It is marked on 27 Nisan which falls around April or May.