The Next Species: The Future of Evolution in the Aftermath of Man (47 page)

Deccan Traps, India,
6
,
244
,
271

deep time,
265

deer,
209
,
212

Defoe, Daniel,
269

Dellwo, Lisa,
24

Denisovans,
252

Denton, William,
214

Despommier, Dickson,
The Vertical Farm
,
86

Devonian extinction, global cooling/warming cycles as cause of,
6

Diamond, Jared:

Collapse
,
88

The Third Chimpanzee
,
62
,
200

dinosaurs:

appearance of,
22
,
161

expansion of,
162

extinction of,
16
–17,
20
,
244
,
267

presence of,
202

dioxin,
77

disease,
75
,
76
,
89
–106

and critical mass,
93
–95

funding for cures,
100
–101

outbreaks of,
91
–93

resistance to,
98
,
103

spread of,
90
–91,
94
–98,
101
,
209

and superbugs,
102
–6

DMZ Forum,
164

Dobson, Andrew,
35

Dolan, Josh,
205
,
206

Dolly (cloned sheep),
257

Doomsday Clock,
267

Droser, Mary L.,
174

drought,
148

Dryas flower,
246

Dust Bowl,
148
,
150

dust storms,
144
,
147

Earth:

atmospheric pressure on,
219

formation of,
25

habitable zone of,
270

origins of life on,
26
–29,
226

transformation of,
246

ebola,
89
–91

ecosystems, interactions of,
133
–34

ecosystem services,
129
,
132
–33,
134
,
135
,
136

ecotourism,
208
–9,
212

Ediacaran period,
16
,
30

Edwards Plateau, Texas,
46
–47

Eemian interglacial period,
246

Ehrlich, Anne H.,
67

Ehrlich, Paul R.,
The Population Bomb
,
67

Eiffel, Gustave,
109

elephants:

rewilding,
207
,
209
,
210

tuskless,
35
–36

elephant seals,
113
,
122
–24,
192
–93,
196

Eli Lilly,
135
–36

Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay,
172

elks,
211

El Niño,
116

Enriquez, Juan,
251
,
255

Ensatina
salamander,
254

Eocene climatic optimum,
172

Erwin, Douglas H.,
6
,
20
,
111
,
156
,
157
,
159
,
271

Estes, Jim,
152
,
184
–86,
187
,
268

European Jews:

genetic diseases of,
255

IQs of,
255

isolation of,
254
–55

Evans, Edward,
41

evolution:

adaptation in,
3
,
34
–36,
122
,
163
,
239

and agriculture,
77
–80,
93

complexity in,
33

Darwin’s theory of,
27
,
32
–33

and extinction,
6
,
15
–16

and immune response,
94

of large animals,
199

of man,
56
–57,
238
–39

movement developed in,
33

mutation in,
238
,
240

persistence of,
239

selection in,
264

and specialization,
4

study of fossils in,
15

teeth as evidence of,
31
–32,
52
,
238

of tools,
236
–37

vision developed in,
33

wonder of,
5

extinction,
264
–65

as creative force,
6
,
11
,
15
–16,
21

hunting species to,
125

multiple causes of,
271

as normal process,
8
,
151
,
266

and rewilding,
205
–13

top-down approach in,
184
,
187

falcon, peregrine,
209
–10

Fanning, Capt. Edmund,
182
–83

ferns,
159

Fertile Crescent,
75

fertilizers,
72
–74,
83
,
84
–85,
112

fishing:

hook-and-line,
176

industrial,
176
–78,
186

flash floods,
20

flu/influenza,
105

Fobos-Grunt (Phobos-Ground),
228
–29

Fogel, Robert,
252

forests,
136
–41

cloud forest,
3

conifers,
159

deforestation,
139
–40

rain forest,
158

fossils,
14
,
160

preservation of,
266

in rock layers,
15

and teeth,
31
–32,
201
,
203
,
214

FOXP2 speech gene,
62

fracking,
49

Fraser, Nicholas C.,
161

Fray Jorge National Park, Chile,
158

Fukushima Daiichi nuclear facility, Japan,
166

Fundación Naturaleza y Hombre (Nature and Man Foundation),
212

Future of Humanity Institute,
258

G., Mr. Yu.,
89
–90

Gadgil, Madhav,
134

Galápagos Islands,
21
,
27
,
37
–38,
157
,
179
,
253

Gambi, Maria Cristina,
173

gastropods,
14

Gause, Georgii,
262
–63,
268

genetic engineering,
263
–64

genetic manipulation,
256
–57

genomic sequencing,
256

geologic time scale,
xi

geology,
15
,
39
–41

Gilbert, Joseph Henry,
72
,
74

Gilly, William,
108
–13,
114
,
115
,
117
–21,
124
,
125
,
193
,
196

Ginkgo biloba
,
159

Glen Canyon Dam,
146

Glossopteris
(seed fern),
41

Gondwana,
13

gonorrhea,
104

Googleplex,
255
–56

Gordon, H. L.,
56

gorgonopsid,
160

Gotham Greens,
86

Gould, John,
39

Gould, Stephen Jay,
237
,
265

Wonderful Life
,
31
–32

Grant, Peter,
239
–40,
253
–54

Gray, Tom,
56

grazing:

controlled,
46

uncontrolled,
47
,
48

Great Ape Trust, Des Moines,
61
–62

Great Basin Desert,
206

greenhouse effect,
25
–26

greenhouse gases,
49
,
87
,
161
,
173

Greenland, and climate change,
248

green revolution,
74
,
77
–80

Greger, Michael,
95
,
105

Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas,
11
–14,
32

Guatemala, deforestation in,
139
–40

Gulf of California,
107
–13,
114
–16,
118
–21,
124
–25,
189

gypsum,
83

Haber-Bosch process,
84

Haeckel, Ernst,
57

Haldane, J. B. S.,
26

halocarbons,
228

hammerstones,
58

Hancock, George Allan,
214

Hanlon, Roger,
195

Harpending, Henry,
237
,
238
–39,
252
–53,
254
–55,
257

Hartmann, Thom,
105

Hatfield, Brian,
186

Hearst, Jonena,
11
–14,
16
,
22
,
23

Heck cattle,
212

Heimbauer, Lisa,
62

Helicoprion
shark,
18

Hlusko, Leslea,
51
,
53
,
242

HMS
Beagle
,
37
–39

Hofmann, Gretchen,
171
–72

Holland, Kim,
190

Holloway, Marguerite,
64

Homo erectus
,
50
,
57
,
58
,
62

Homo floresiensis
,
252

Homo habilis
,
50
,
55
–56,
57

Homo neanderthalensis
,
56

Homo sapiens
:

becoming a new species,
8
,
234
,
254

diseases of,
75
,
76
,
89
–106,
209
,
238
,
239

ecological force of,
199

at edge of extinction,
243
–44

evolution of,
56
–57,
58
–60,
236
–40,
252
–53

extinction as possibility for,
8
,
151
–52

intelligence of,
254
–55

language of,
60
,
62
–63,
252

migration of,
239

and other species,
50
,
58
–59

population growth of,
5
,
22
,
59
,
63
–67,
71
,
75
,
76
,
88
,
145
,
176
,
262
–63,
266
–67

as purpose of life,
251

single species of,
253

Hoover (Boulder) Dam,
142
,
146

horses:

domestic,
213
–14

Konik,
212

Przewalski’s,
206
–7

Retuerta,
212

wild,
206
,
207

Huey, George H. H.,
125

Human Genome Project,
256

Humboldt Current,
108
,
113

humpback chub,
146

hunter-gatherers,
75
,
94
,
125

Hurd, Frank,
115
,
178
,
181
,
245

Hurricane Mitch,
140
–41

Ice Age,
48
,
203
,
214
,
245
,
249
–50

iguanas,
188

India, population growth in,
65
,
134

Indo-European language family,
240
–41

Indricotherium
,
202

Industrial Revolution,
22
,
39
–40,
64

insects, mass extinctions of,
19

interglacial period, current,
245

International HapMap Project,
237

International Shark Attack File,
190

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),
133
,
189
,
191
,
207

International Union of Geological Sciences,
11

International Whaling Commission,
187

interplanetary travel,
218
,
233
–35

Io, moon of Jupiter,
234

iridium,
16

Ischia island, Gulf of Naples,
173

island biogeography,
42
–43

island populations,
95

Isle of Rum,
188

Jackson, Rob,
46
–47,
48
–49,
151
,
250
,
257

jaguars,
136
–39

jellyfish,
178
–81

Johanson, Donald,
56

Jolie, Angelina,
256

Jones, Sir William,
240

juniper trees,
47
–48

Jupiter, moons of,
234

Ke Chung Kim,
164

Keeling Curve,
64

kelp,
185
–86

Kennedy, John F.,
222

Kennedy, Robert F. Jr.,
130

Kepler
planet-finding spacecraft,
235

Klimley, Peter,
189

Knoll, Andrew,
21
,
29
,
30

Korea, demilitarized zone,
164
–65

Kornegay, Julia,
135

Krakatoa,
155
–57,
159

krill,
167
,
169